2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) 測(cè)試報(bào) U1 第三部分直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法部分輔導(dǎo)教案 牛津譯林版必修4.doc

2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) 測(cè)試報(bào) U1 第三部分直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法部分輔導(dǎo)教案 牛津譯林版必修4 直接引語(yǔ)是直接引述別人的原話，原話用有引號(hào)，而間接引語(yǔ)是引述別人的話，不用引號(hào)。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，引述動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間、時(shí)態(tài)的形式不變。例如：She says, “ Ill never forget the moment變成間接引語(yǔ)為She says that shell never forget the moment.但是如引述動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間、時(shí)態(tài)、地點(diǎn)、人稱等一般要作相應(yīng)的變化。遵循下列規(guī)律：一、一般規(guī)律。在直接引語(yǔ)中在間接引語(yǔ)中指示代詞 this these that those時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) now today yesterday last week tomorrow next yearTwo days ago Then that day the day before the week before the next day the next year two days before地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) here there動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)左進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)（不變）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)動(dòng)詞變化can/maymustebringcould/mighthad togotake二、三要素。我們要很好地掌握直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，關(guān)鍵要掌握下列“三要素”。要素一：陳述句的間接引語(yǔ)連接詞用that，在口語(yǔ)中可省略。引述動(dòng)詞用said, told, ,等。例如：1) He said: “Ive left my book in my room.”He told me that he had left his book in his room. 2) She said: “He will be busy.”She said that he would be busy.要素二： 疑問(wèn)句的間接引語(yǔ)。一般疑問(wèn)句后連接詞用if或whether，而引述選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí)只能用whether，引述動(dòng)詞用asked，沒(méi)有間接引語(yǔ)的可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)me, him等，例如： She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.1) She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” She asked me whether that book was mine or his.(2) 特殊疑問(wèn)句用原句中的疑問(wèn)詞作連接詞，改為陳述語(yǔ)序。例如： The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.要素三：祈使句的間接引語(yǔ)采用“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 told即 asked sb. (not) to do sth. ordered warned注意：引語(yǔ)中的呼語(yǔ)可改成賓語(yǔ)。引語(yǔ)中的please 去掉，動(dòng)詞改為 ask 1) The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.” The teacher told the students not to waste their time.2) The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”The mother asked Tom to get up early.三、 “五不變” 在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，還要注意以下五種不變的特殊情況。1 直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理，諺（習(xí)）語(yǔ)，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變。例如： The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”My father said practice makes perfect.2. 直接引語(yǔ)中被引述的部分是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或說(shuō)話時(shí)情況仍然存在的，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)保持不變，例如： The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day. He said, “We are still students. He said they are still students. 3 直接引語(yǔ)如果有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。例如： He said to me, “I was born in 1978.” He told me that he was born in 1978. The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.” The engineer said he was at college in 1967. 4直接引語(yǔ)中凡有When， since，while 引導(dǎo)的從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，只改變主句時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)不變。例如：He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” He said he had studied English since he was a boy.She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job. 5如果直接引語(yǔ)中引述部分含有insist, suggest, demand等引導(dǎo)的虛擬賓語(yǔ)從句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，引語(yǔ)中的主從句時(shí)態(tài)都不變。例如：He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.另外，如果說(shuō)話人轉(zhuǎn)述自己的話，人稱則可不變. 例如：I said to him, “I have finished it.”I told him I had finished it.如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述, here不必變?yōu)閠here，e不必改為go，如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，則today, yesterday, tomorrow等狀語(yǔ)也不必變化。例如：She said to us, Ill e here tomorrow.”She told us she would e here tomorrow.