2019-2020年高考英語 專題講練測講義集專題8 定語從句教案.doc

2019-2020年高考英語 專題講練測講義集專題8 定語從句教案一、【專項直擊】【考情分析】高考研究定語從句是英語三大類從句中最難的一類，其難點(diǎn)主要在于很多學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)時分不清先行詞，不能正確使用關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞。因此在學(xué)習(xí)定語從句時，務(wù)必搞清定語從句的概念、關(guān)系詞的正確選擇和使用情況等。預(yù)測今后高考定語從句的考查還將是對關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的考查。【知識要點(diǎn)】定語從句（一）基本概念1.由一個句子作定語，修飾句中一個名詞或代詞，有時也可以修飾整個句子或句中的部分內(nèi)容，這樣的從句就是定語從句，被其修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。2.關(guān)系詞分為兩大類，即關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，其作用一是引出一個定語從句，二是代替其所修飾的先行詞，三是在句中充當(dāng)某個句子成分。關(guān)系詞的分類和基本用法表一分類指代引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞人who, whom, that, as事物which, that, as人或物（表所屬關(guān)系）whose關(guān)系副詞地點(diǎn)where時間when原因why表二 關(guān)系代詞指代例句解釋who人The man who helped you is Mr White.在定從中作主語whomThat is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.在定從中作賓語，可省略whoseHe is the father whose son studies very well in our class.在定從中作定語thatIm not the fool that you thought me to be.在定從中作表語asHe is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with.在定從中作賓語that事物The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.在定從中作賓語whichA dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words在定從中作主語whoseHe lives in a room whose window faces south在定從中作定語asIt is such a big stone as nobody can lift.在定從中作賓語整句內(nèi)容As is known to all, he is the best student.在定從中作主語表三 關(guān)系副詞指代例句解釋when時間Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk?在定從中作狀語where地點(diǎn)The house where they live is not very large.在定從中作狀語why原因This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.在定從中作狀語（二）定語從句的注意點(diǎn)本部分的內(nèi)容比較復(fù)雜，為便于考生一目了然，我們試圖用表格的形式呈現(xiàn)給考生。1.that與which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別情 況用法說明例 句只用that的情況先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時先行詞既指人又指物時先行詞被the only, the very修飾時句中已經(jīng)有who或which時，為了避免重復(fù)時He told me everything that he knows.All the books that you offered has been given out.This is the best film that I have ever read.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.He is the only man that I want to see.Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom的情況在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。先行詞本身是that時，關(guān)系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時多用who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.只用that，in which或不用關(guān)系詞的情況the way做先行詞時Mary,there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you.I was struck by the beauty of the way in which she stood.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which2.as、which和that的區(qū)別從句區(qū) 別例 句限制性定語從句中名詞前有such和the same修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you cant understand. 非限制性定語從句中as和which都可以指代前面整個主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.the same. as和the same .thatthe same. as指同類事物the same .that 指原物Thats the same tool as I used last week.（同類工具，不是同一把）Thats the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用過的工具。3. where、when與why引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞用 法例 句where關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句時，只能在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示(具體或抽象的)地點(diǎn)的名詞。Were just trying to teach a point_both sides will sit down together and talk.A. where B. that C. when D. whichwhen關(guān)系副詞 when引導(dǎo)定語從句時, 只能在定語從句中作時間狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示時間的名詞。There was _time _I hated to go to school.A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the ; whenwhy關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語從句時，只能在定語從句中作原因狀語，其修飾的名詞必須是表示原因的名詞。Do you know the reason why she was put into prison ? 你知道她坐牢的原因嗎？4.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語動詞構(gòu)成固定短語時，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現(xiàn)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。先行詞指物，用“介詞+which/whose”,指人則用“介詞+whom/whose”, 且兩個關(guān)系代詞均不能省略。介詞的選擇要遵循兩個原則：原則內(nèi) 容例 句原則一根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞與先行詞的搭配內(nèi)容而定I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction_she had e.A.of which B.by which C.in which D.from which解析此題考查由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，根據(jù)句意用from which表示“所來的那個方向”，故答案選D原則二根據(jù)先行詞而定There are two buildings , _ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which解析 the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings ，which 在定語從句中指代 building，作介詞of的賓語，故答案為D。5.定語從句與先行詞被分割開來的現(xiàn)象定語從句一般緊接被它所修飾的先行詞；但有時候它和先行詞之間有可能插入其他成分，使它與先行詞分隔開來，這種定語從句叫作被分隔的定語從句，在閱讀文章時會經(jīng)常遇到這種情況，在閱讀是要注意識別先行詞的修飾對象?，F(xiàn) 象例 句在定語從句加中插入語，常見的有：I think ,I suppose ,I guess ,I imagine等。辨別的方法是：去掉插入語后，原句句法結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。-Is that the small town you often refer to? - Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. A.that B. which C.where D.what解析 work是不及物動詞，先行詞one在定語從句中只能作地點(diǎn)狀語，You know 在句中作插入語，所以答案選C 。He made another wonderful discovery ,_of importance to science .A.which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is解析這里I think 是插入語，which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故選A。在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個狀語There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.在太空中有成千上萬的象太陽般的星星。乍一看，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句在名詞sky的后面，似乎應(yīng)該是修飾sky的。但仔細(xì)一想，” 不對啊， 天空怎么能象太陽呢？“，原來that引導(dǎo)的定語從句被in the sky這個地點(diǎn) 狀語分隔開來，修飾中心詞stars。在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個定語Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamondnecklace?你還記得嗎，十年前的一天下午，我來到你家，找你借了一條鉆石項鏈？when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace實際上是修飾afternoon而不是修飾 years。ten years ago 實際上是定語后置修飾afternoon。先行詞與定語從句被謂語分隔開來。此時，先行詞通常是句子的主語，因定語從句較長，主句謂語較短，為使句子平衡，常將定語從句移至謂語之后A new master will e tomorrow who will teach you German.6.定語從句與其它從句（句型）的區(qū)別類 別區(qū) 別例 句定語從句與并列句定語從句與并列句的主要區(qū)別在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列連詞或兩個句子用分號連接，這時就不能再用引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞了。Mr Li has three daughters，none of _ is an engineer Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a dancer從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，小題是定語從句，故填whom；小題有并列連詞but，是并列句，故填代詞 them。定語從句與狀語從句定語從句的前面有名詞作先行詞，而狀語從句沒有先行詞。This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 這是幾年前我們居住的地方。（定語從句，先行詞為the place）Lets go where we can find a better job. 我們到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地點(diǎn)狀語從句）定語從句修飾、限制、說明名詞，只能放在先行詞的后面，而狀語從句說明動作發(fā)生的情況，并且可以放在主句的前面。Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下課的時間嗎？（定語從句）It was already five oclock when the class was over.=When the class was over, it was already five oclock. 當(dāng)下課時己經(jīng)是5點(diǎn)了。（時間狀語從句）When, where和why在引導(dǎo)定語從句時可以用“介詞which”的結(jié)構(gòu)來替換，在引導(dǎo)狀語從句時卻不行。This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked. 這就是他的父親曾經(jīng)工作過的那個工廠。（定語從句）Put back the book where it was. 把書放回原處。（狀語從句）定語從句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)某種句子成分，因此去掉它則從句成分不完整；而結(jié)果狀語從句中的連接詞在從句中不作任何成分，去掉后從句的成分仍然完整。It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我們大家都喜歡的如此有趣的書。（as用作動詞like的賓語，它引導(dǎo)的是定語從句）It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的書，我們大家都喜歡它。（that不充當(dāng)句子成分，故它引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句）定語從句與同位語從句定語從句在復(fù)合句中相當(dāng)于形容詞，對先行詞起修飾、描述或限制的作用，與先行詞之間有從屬關(guān)系。同位語的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對前面的名詞給予補(bǔ)充說明或進(jìn)一步解釋，是前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容,與先行詞之間是同位關(guān)系。The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy. 她考試及格的消息使她父母親很高興。（同位語從句）此句中的同位語從句 The news that she had passed the exam 可以改寫成表語從句：The news is that he passed the exam. The news that he told us interested all of us.他告訴我們的消息使大家都感興趣。（定語從句）The news that he told us 是定語從句，此句不能改寫為：The news is that he toldus.定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“It iswas被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that從句”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是除謂語以外的任何成分，當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時，還可用who代替that。這一句型中，一定不能因為被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是表時間或地點(diǎn)的詞就用when或where代替 that。It is on the morning of May 1st _ I met Liang Wei at the airport It is the factory _ Mr Wang works從結(jié)構(gòu)上看：小題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，故填 that。小題則是定語從句，用上述方法轉(zhuǎn)換便知the factory前差個介詞in，故填 where。此外還要注意下列兩點(diǎn)：定語從句與習(xí)慣句型 用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整與正確。 It is the first time _ she has been in Shanghai It was the time _ Chinese people had a hard life 解析：這里小題是一個習(xí)慣句型，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It iswas the firstsecond time that從句。故填that，其意為：這是她第一次在上海。小題the time是先行詞，其后是表示時間的定語從句，故填 when。定語從句與簡單句 用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整與正確。 The mother told the lazy boy to work，_ didnt help The mother told the lazy boy to work_ didnt help 解析：含有定語從句的復(fù)合句與兩個單句的主要區(qū)別在于：前者有主句，有從句，必須有關(guān)系詞；而后者則是兩個單獨(dú)的句子，不需要任何關(guān)聯(lián)詞。小題兩個句子用逗號連接且沒有并列連詞，顯然應(yīng)是主從句關(guān)系，因此需用關(guān)系詞which，前面整個句子作先行詞；小題則填I(lǐng)t，代替前面的整個句子。解題時，注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的運(yùn)用。二、【思維導(dǎo)航】定語從句是英語語法學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)，從某種意義上說，這些從句的學(xué)習(xí)是整個英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中的關(guān)鍵。因此，近幾年新課標(biāo)地區(qū)及其他省市的高考英語試卷中都考查了定語從句。高考對于定語從句的考查主要集中在：(1)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇；(2)非限制性定語從句(特別是先行詞是整個句子時)引導(dǎo)詞aswhich的辨析；(3)由whose，where，that，as和“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，(4)連接詞whichthatwhat的辨析；(5)where引導(dǎo)的定語從句、狀語從句和名詞性從句的辨析；(6)定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的辨析；(7)帶介詞的定語從句中介詞的選用。1注意知識積累。掌握基本句型高考備考時，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對從句語法特征和語意特征的思考和學(xué)習(xí)，形成純正的英語思維能力。注意相似句型的積累，比較其結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。在平日的閱讀過程中，遇到從句的時候，要停下來，考慮分析其功能和意義。例如： There was _ time _ I hated to go to school. A a; that B a; when C the; that D the; when 【解析】 正確答案是B。這里既考查了先行詞time表示“時期、時代”時前面用不定冠詞a，又考查了關(guān)系副詞when代替表時間的名詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語的用法。 2分析句子成分，判斷從從句功能。遇到考查句法的題目時，要通讀全句，首先考慮是不是某種句型，如強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；題干句若是疑問句，首先把它恢復(fù)為正常語宇；觀察設(shè)空的前前后后，確定相關(guān)從句的性質(zhì)；確定從句性質(zhì)后?回憶相關(guān)從句的用法特點(diǎn)，從而做出取舍；注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號和并列連詞(and，but)的作用；將選項代入句子，看前后是否語意貫通。例如：Was it in the village_we used to live in_the accident happened? A. where; that B. which; that C. that; where D. where; which 【解析】 正確答案是B。本題題意為“是在我們過去住過的村里發(fā)生了這起事故”。第一個空需要定語從句引導(dǎo)詞which，在從句中當(dāng)in的介詞賓語,第二個是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的that 。先把問句轉(zhuǎn)換為陳述語序，然后分析強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分帶有一個定語從句。在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的詞時，關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇近三年全國各地區(qū)考查定語從句的題目中這類題目有12道?！纠}1】York， I visited last year，is a nice old cityAthat Bwhich Cwhere Din which【解題指導(dǎo)】在高考考查定語從句試題中，有許多題目中的先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，要正確判斷用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞，要看引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作的成分。如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，則用where，否則用that或which?？忌梢圆捎醚a(bǔ)全法，即根據(jù)句意把從句補(bǔ)充完整，補(bǔ)上去的部分在從句中所作的成分就是引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作的成分，就可以很容易地確定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞了。【解析】B。采用補(bǔ)全法把從句補(bǔ)充完整：I visited York last year，很容易看出，補(bǔ)上去的成分作了動詞visit的賓語，故用關(guān)系代詞，因此答案為B。在定語從句中。“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中介詞的選擇近三年全國各地區(qū)考查定語從句的題目中這類題目有10道?！纠}2】As soon as you get home from school，think about the order you will do homework and how much time you will spend on each oneAof which Bin which Cthrough which Dat which【解題指導(dǎo)】在歷年的高考試題中，”介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句試題頻繁出現(xiàn)，其中關(guān)于介詞的確定，考生可以采用還原法，把從句補(bǔ)充完整，建立與主句的關(guān)系，以便發(fā)現(xiàn)這個介詞與句中其他部分的聯(lián)系。可以從兩個方面考慮：1從句子的意思角度考慮；2從搭配角度考慮?！窘馕觥緽。此題從搭配人手，inorder“意為”按照順序”，此題即可迎刃而解。定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別近三年全國各地區(qū)考查定語從句的題目中這類題目有6道?！纠}3】The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday， didnt helpAit Bshe Cwhich Dhe【解題指導(dǎo)】首先看句子中是否有連詞。有連詞則是并列句，如無連詞，而是對一個名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，則是非限制性定語從句(標(biāo)志是：名詞后有一個逗號)?！窘馕觥緾。此句中無并列連詞，因此是非限制性定語從句，故用關(guān)系代詞which，用來指代前面整個主句的內(nèi)容。【例題4】Tne doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday，but didnt helpAit Bshe Cwhich Dhe【解題指導(dǎo)】看清本題的關(guān)鍵詞but?！窘馕觥緼。因為句中有并列連詞but，所以構(gòu)成了并列句，因此用代詞it來指代前面所述之事。定語從句中的幾個特殊先行詞：point。casesituation近三年全國各地區(qū)考查定語從句的題目中有5道考查了先行詞為point，situation，case時引導(dǎo)詞的選擇?！纠}5】As a result of our serious staff shortages，the situation has risen we have to hire graduating college students for helpAthat Bwhen Cwhere Das【解題指導(dǎo)】英語中有幾個詞point，situation，case等，從表面上看它們不是表地點(diǎn)的，但卻表示類似地點(diǎn)的意義，因此它們作先行詞時，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，那么這個引導(dǎo)詞要用where；如果不作狀語，則用關(guān)系代詞thatwhich?！窘馕觥緾。把從句補(bǔ)充完整：we have to hire graduating college students for help in the situation，可以看出，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞，因此答案為c。【例題6】Now there is just one point 1 wish you to make quite clearAwhere Bwhich Cwhether Dwhen【解題指導(dǎo)】做本題的關(guān)鍵是掌握句中名詞point在此處的用法。【解析】B。把從句補(bǔ)充完整：1 wish you to make the point quite clear，可以看出，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作make的賓語，故用關(guān)系代詞，因此答案為B。三、【考點(diǎn)在線】定語從句考點(diǎn)1 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom”中介詞和關(guān)系代詞的選擇介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞為歷年高考考查的重點(diǎn)，一般來講有兩個：指人時只能用whom，指物時只能用which。當(dāng)然關(guān)系代詞作定語時也可用whose。如：The pen with which he wrote was made in China他寫字用的鋼筆是中國制造的。The train on which Tom travelled to Canada was very fast湯姆到加拿大去時乘坐的火車速度非?？?。The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students那位老師對他的學(xué)生非常有耐心，他家的房子前面有一棵大樹?？键c(diǎn)2 as與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的判定1as引導(dǎo)的從句表示說話人對話語的看法、態(tài)度、解釋或評論。(1)此時的as意為“正如，正像”。翻譯時有時可不必譯出。如：You are clever，as all those who know you can see你很聰明，所有認(rèn)識你的人都能看出來。(2)在句法上，as常用作一些實義動詞(如see，know，hear，watch，remember，say，tell，show，expect，guess等)的賓語，這類動詞與as幾乎成了一種固定搭配。如：As we all know，China is being stronger and stronger眾所周知，中國正變得越來越強(qiáng)大。(3)as引導(dǎo)的從句可以前置(而which引導(dǎo)的從句則不可)。如：As is a fact，Mike is expected to make a top student這是一個事實，邁克有望成為一名頂尖的學(xué)生。特別提示主句中出現(xiàn)the same，such，so修飾先行詞時，要選擇as作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，此時as引導(dǎo)的是限制性定語從句。另外要注意：(1)the samethat與the sameas引導(dǎo)的定語從句在意義上的區(qū)別：前者修飾的名詞與原物是同一個東西；而后者修飾的是與先行詞同類型的另一樣?xùn)|西。試比較：This is the same bag that I lost yesterday這正是我昨天丟失的那個書包。(同一個書包)This is the same bag as I lost yesterday這個書包和我昨天丟失的那個一樣。(同類型的另一個)(2)such/soas和such /sothat結(jié)構(gòu)不同，as引導(dǎo)定語從句，而that引導(dǎo)狀語從句。如：They talked in such simple English as children could understand他們用孩子們能聽懂的簡單的英語交談。(定語從句，as代替先行詞simple English作understand的賓語)He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke他如此用力地關(guān)窗，結(jié)果玻璃碎了。(結(jié)果狀語從句，that引導(dǎo)的從句表示用力關(guān)窗導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果)2which引導(dǎo)的此類從句對主句所敘述的事情進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，表明事物的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。(1)which此時指前面主句所提到的，常譯為“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”等。主句與從句通常要用逗號隔開，且從句只能位于被修飾句子的后面。如：He works very well，which makes his boss satisfied他工作干得不錯，這使得他的老板很滿意。(2)which在句法上一般用作實義動詞的主語，這時它所引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間常含有并列、因果關(guān)系。如：She succeeded in the petition，which satisfied her parents她在比賽中取得成功，這使得她的父母很滿意。(3)在從句中作定語或介詞的賓語時，要用which。如：He often works far into the night，by which time everyone else has left the office他通常工作到深夜，到那時其他人已下班了。特別提示高考一般不考查as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別，但近年高考試題中出現(xiàn)過這個考點(diǎn)。一般來說，如果從句的含義是順接主句的敘述，那么這兩個詞都可以使用；如果從句的含義是對主句的否定，或者語意不是順接的，則只能用which。如：He came late to school，which/as was what we had expected他上學(xué)遲到了，這是我們意料中的。He came late to school，which surprised US a11他上學(xué)遲到了，這讓我們所有人都很驚訝。(不可用as)考點(diǎn)3 關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的辨別關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語；而關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間、地點(diǎn)、原因等狀語。一般來說，關(guān)系副詞在語義上相當(dāng)于”介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較：Ill never forget the days which I spent with you我不會忘記我們在一起度過的歲月。(which在定語從句中作spent的賓語)Ill never forget the days when(=in which)we studied in Beijing我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我們一起在北京學(xué)習(xí)的時光。(when在定語從句中作時間狀語，studied在此處為不及物動詞，后面不再接賓語)考點(diǎn)4 定語從句的間隔現(xiàn)象定語從句一般緊接被它修飾的先行詞，但有時候它和先行詞之間有可能插入其他成分，使它與先行詞分隔開來，這種定語從句叫做被分隔的定語從句。在這種情況下，對關(guān)系詞的準(zhǔn)確判斷顯得相當(dāng)重要，而且在閱讀文章時會經(jīng)常遇到這種情況，在閱讀時要注意識別。一般來說，定語從句被分割開來大致有以下三種情況：在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個狀語、定語，或被謂語動詞分隔開。如：Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?你還記得十年前的一天下午，我來到你家，找你借了一條鉆石項鏈嗎?(先行詞one afternoon與定語從句被狀語ten years ago分隔開了)A new teacher will eOlTle tomorrow who will teach you German明天，一位新老師將來教你們德語。(先行詞a new teacher與定語從句被謂語部分和時間狀語will e tomorrow隔開了)關(guān)系代詞在下列情況下常省略：(1)作及物動詞的賓語時；(2)作介詞的賓語，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞與介詞分開使用時，可以省略。但若是關(guān)系代詞與介詞連用，則不能省略。如：The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(作動詞put的賓語)who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to?正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作介詞to的賓語)Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel請告訴我你從誰那兒借的這本英文小說。(關(guān)系代詞不能省略)有些句型結(jié)構(gòu)如同位語從句、狀語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)較相似，稍不認(rèn)真就會出錯。1定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別定語從句是對其先行詞的修飾或限制，屬于形容詞性從句的范疇；而同位語從句是對前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一一步說明和解釋，屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如：He makes a promise that if he Call get the job，he will work hard to make as much money as he can for the eompany他許諾如果他能獲得那份工作，他將努力為公司掙盡可能多的錢。(that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句是對先行詞a promise的進(jìn)一步解釋和說明)Mikes parents made a special promise to Tom that surprisedTom邁克的父母對湯姆許下了一個特別的諾言，這使得湯姆很驚奇。(that引導(dǎo)的定語從句是對先行詞promise的修飾和限制)2定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判斷方法：若將句中的“It is/wasthat/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，說明原句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。如：It was in 1 998 that the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi在xx年，洪水毀壞了江西地區(qū)很多的房屋。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)(判斷方法：如果去掉it was和that，剩下in xx the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi，句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，可判定原句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句)3定語從句與狀語從句的區(qū)別定語從句在句子中作定語，修飾名詞、代詞或句子；并且，這個被修飾的名詞、代詞或句子稱為先行詞，通常放在定語從句之前。狀語從句在句子中作狀語，修飾動詞；通常不同的狀語從句有不同的連詞，位置較靈活，通常放在句首或句末，有時也放在句中。以where為例來說明：Lets have a short meeting where we met last time我們在上次見面的地方開個短會吧。(Where we met last time是地點(diǎn)狀語從句，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，表示開會的地方)This is the place where we had a meeting last time這就是我們上次開會的地方。(Where we had a meeting last time是定語從句，在句中作定語修飾the place)四、【易錯點(diǎn)睛】易錯角度 1 正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的用法1. I Walked in our garden, Tom and Jim were trying a big sign onto one of the trees.A. which B. when C. where D. that【錯解】 B【糾錯心得】 以句意來看很容易把本題當(dāng)作是一個時間狀語從句或是等立連詞when引導(dǎo)的從句.根據(jù)題干分析，后者是用來說明Tom and Jim要做的事情的地點(diǎn)，也就是說應(yīng)該用定語從句來修飾和說明情況的，故填 where來，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句?！敬鸢浮?C2.The famous basketball star, _tried to make a eback, attracted a lot of attention.A. Where B. When C. Which D. Who【錯解】 C【糾錯心得】 考生認(rèn)為“that不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，那就只填which了”。做定語從句時，考生應(yīng)分析該定語從句缺什么成分，再看先行詞，然后確定是填關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞；本題是道非限制性定語從句題，而且該從句中很明顯缺主語，故A、B不行，C項which指代物，不能指代人，故選D?！敬鸢浮?D3. I Can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot of English words and ex pressions but couldnt write a good essay.A. Why B. Which C. as D. where【錯解】 B【糾錯心得】 很多同學(xué)沒分析從句結(jié)構(gòu)，一看先行詞“cases”指物就斷定選B.分析從句結(jié)構(gòu)知:缺狀語，再根據(jù)先行詞cases(情形，情景)，根據(jù)句意“在很多情景里”故選D.Where，也可用“in which”.【答案】 D易錯角度 2 對介詞后接關(guān)系代詞而不接關(guān)系副詞的考查；介詞是用which還是用whom；介詞如何確定1 Why does she always ask you for help?There is no one else ,is there?A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn【錯解】 D或C【糾錯心得】 按照習(xí)慣的思維是介詞for可以表示“對”，但本題是固定短詞turn to表示“向某人求助”的意思，固定短語中的介詞一般不提前置于關(guān)系代詞之前。選項A中who是多余的，不定式可直接用作后置定語。【答案】 B2.The joureny around the world took the old sailor nine months, the sailing time was 226 days.A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which【錯解】 B【糾錯心得】 考生曲解了定語從句的含義。根據(jù)題意“這位老船員花了九個月的時間環(huán)游世界，其中航海時間是226天”選B、C、D，有悖原意，故選A【答案】 A3.Alec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom【錯解】 A【糾錯心得】 考生知道“work with sb”(與起工作)而沒考慮到“him”不是關(guān)系代詞而錯選A“work with sb”+ 關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)先行詞為“人”時，應(yīng)用whom，故選C?！敬鸢浮?C易錯角度 3 關(guān)系代詞as的用法1._ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.A. That B. As C. It D. What【錯解】 D【糾錯心得】 考生把此題誤當(dāng)作主語從句來解.本題考查的是as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，指代后面句子整體；表示“正如”，句意為“正如所宣布的，下月我們將進(jìn)行期末考試”故選B?！敬鸢浮?B2.The word “write ”has the same pronunciation _ the word “right”A. of B. as C. to D. from【錯解】 C【糾錯心得】 考生不明白此題在考查as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句用法。as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句既可指人又可指物，它只能替代由sach，the same等修飾的先行詞，故選B?！敬鸢浮?B五、【高考母題】1.(xx高考英語上海秋季卷,38)Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which【答案】C【解析】此處考查的是介詞加疑問詞引導(dǎo)定語從句 。考察介詞+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy which/that we may return to in the near future. 2.(xx高考英語重慶卷,28)In china, the number of cities is increasing _ _ _development is recognized across the world.A. whereB. whichC. whoseD. that【答案】C【解析】考查定語從句。development與先行詞cities之間是所屬關(guān)系，所以選whose。句意是：在中國，城市的數(shù)量在增加，城市的發(fā)展被全世界意識到。3.(xx高考英語浙江卷,3)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. Awhom Bwhich Cthem Dthose【答案】A【解析】本題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。由many之后的逗號和選項特征，此處是主從句關(guān)系，排除C、D項。由于先行詞是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意為：這里居住著將近1000人，他們中的許多人都背井離鄉(xiāng)去城市追求更好的生活。4.(xx高考英語天津卷,8)Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15.A. as B. which C. where D. that【答案】 C【解析】考察定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：“你能相信我不得不花30美元剪頭嗎？你應(yīng)該到我去的那家理發(fā)店試試。才花15美元?！睆木渲術(shù)o是不及物動詞，不能接賓語，而本句是定語從句修飾先行詞the barbers，先行詞在定語從句中智能做地點(diǎn)狀語，選C。ABD三項在從句中作主語和賓語，故排除。5.(xx高考英語四川卷,10)After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，_ turned out to be a wise decisionAthat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere【答案】B【解析】考查定語從句。此處為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，which代替前邊整個句子。句意為:“大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我們休假一段時間后去旅游，這證明結(jié)果是個明智的決定?！?.(xx高考英語上海春季卷,40)Samuel survived when the car _ he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree.Awhere Bthat Cas Dwhy【答案】B【解析】定語從句。做好定語從句試題的關(guān)鍵是，在主句中教出先行詞，然后把先行詞