【高中英語語法】動(dòng)名詞-PPT課件
xxx 主 動(dòng) 形 式 被 動(dòng) 形 式一 般 式 doing being done完 成 式 having done having been done Writing the book has taken up all his spare time. 翻譯: 眼見為實(shí). Seeing is believing. l a. Its no good talking a lot without doing anything.l 對(duì)此爭(zhēng)論是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間.l Its a waste of time arguing about it.l b. Theres no joking about such matters.l Theres no saying what hell be doing next.l Theres no telling what hes going to do. l注:與的區(qū)別:l 動(dòng)名詞作主語通常表示抽象的或泛指的動(dòng)作,一般不與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起;l 不定式作主語通常表示具體的動(dòng)作或行為,往往與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起l Its no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象)l H e realized that to go on like this was no use. (具體)l a. 當(dāng)表語是動(dòng)名詞時(shí),主語也要用動(dòng)名詞; 當(dāng)表語是不定式時(shí),主語也要用不定式,如: Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. l b. 動(dòng)名詞和不定式作主語,一般都可以使用形式主語,而將動(dòng)名詞或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中,一般宜用動(dòng)名詞,不宜用不定式來代替:l Its no use doing l Its no good doing l Its a waste of time doing l Its fun doing 如: Its no use going there today; he wont be at home. Its no good waiting here. Lets walk home. Its great fun sailing a boat. l c. 而在Its important / Its necessary / Its advisable / Its essential 這類句型中,只能用不定式,如:l Its important to learn foreign languages.l 讀許多遍是很有必要的.l Its quite necessary to read it many times. l l H earing the words, she couldnt help thinking of her past bitterness.l我們都回避提及此事.l We all avoided mentioning that matter. 能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞有兩類: . 只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞,其中有: avoid, admit, advise, appreciate, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, cant help, imagine, keep (on), dont mind, miss, practise, put off, go on, resist, suggest等,如: I enjoy working with you. 瑪莉正考慮換工作. Mary is considering changing her job. Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow? . 既可以用動(dòng)名詞,又可以用不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞,其中有: begin, continue, forget, hate, like, love, prefer, propose(建議,打算), regret, remember, start, try, want, need, stop l但是在下列情況下,通常用:l a. 在like / love / prefer / hate 后表示一個(gè)特定的新動(dòng)作時(shí):l I like to buy a suit.l 我不愿意讓他們失望l I hate to disappoint them. l b. 當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞已用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí):l The water is beginning / starting to boil.l Im starting to work on my essay next week. l c. 在begin 等后,非限定動(dòng)詞由某些狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成時(shí)(即:指心理狀態(tài)或精神活動(dòng)時(shí))l She began to believe his story.l H e began to realize that he was wrong.l d. 當(dāng)主語是物,不是人時(shí):l The water started / began to boil.l The ice started / began to melt. 在need, want, deserve等后,可用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義,或用不定式的被動(dòng)式,意義上無差別。但用動(dòng)名詞較為普遍,(這時(shí)主語一般是物),如: The door needs oiling / to be oiled. l C. 有的動(dòng)詞盡管可以用兩種結(jié)構(gòu),但意義明顯不同,須認(rèn)真加以區(qū)別 (mean, remember)l I forgot to close the door before I left the room.l I forgot having closed the door.l H e tried to write better. (盡量努力地寫)l H e tried writing with a brush. (用毛筆試著寫)l I couldnt help finishing it. (不能不結(jié)束某事)l I couldnt help to finish it. (不能幫助結(jié)束某事)l They left off fishing. (停止釣魚)l They left off to fish. (離開某處出發(fā)去釣魚)l I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle. (對(duì)現(xiàn)在要發(fā)生的事表示遺憾、抱歉) l I regret not taking your advice. (后悔) 動(dòng)名詞(短語)還常常跟在短語動(dòng)詞之后,作介詞的賓語。常見的有:insist on / persist in / think of / dream of / hear of / prevent from / keep from / stop from / feel like / be engaged in / depend on / thank for / excuse for / set about / spend in / be fond of / be afraid of / be tired of / succeed in / be interested in / be proud of / burst out / give up object to / look forward to / contribute to / devote to / get (be) used to / lead to / 等, 如:l Why do you persist ?l H e insisted .l They all objected .l Are you interested ?l Im thinking .l I dont feel .l She is afraid .l H e finally got tired . l (3) v.+ G erund (object)l v. + object + infinitive (complement) l advise, admit, allow, consider, permit, encourage, forbid, recommendl She recommended us to visit the town of London.l She recommended visiting the town of London. ( ) H e warned me . She left . , she had to take care of the children. H e felt uncomfortable . 如:l Whats their reason ?l H ave you any objection ?l H e has little hope . 如: singing competition swimming pool dining car opening speech drinking cup living room typing paper waiting room writing desk washing machine frying-pan sleeping-pill walking stick teaching method 有時(shí)為了明確動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,可以在動(dòng)名詞之前加上一個(gè)或,來表示動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語。有時(shí)也可以用人稱代詞賓格或名詞普通格,但主要用于中。 She wont hear of . Do you object to ? 作主語: 放在句首作主語應(yīng)該用物主代詞和所有格 was a great encouragement to us. wont be of much help. l 作表語:l Our sole worry is .l Whats troubling them is l 作賓語:l Do you mind ?l Please excuse . l 作介詞賓語:l They insisted on .l Do you think there will be any chance of ? l動(dòng)名詞的一般形式通常表示一般性動(dòng)作(即不是明確地在過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)戆l(fā)生的動(dòng)作)或是與謂語所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,如:l They are all interested in climbing mountains.l H e took a great delight in helping others. 如:l H e didnt mention having met me.l I regret not having taken her advice.l I dont remember having ever promised you that. 在某些動(dòng)詞之后(或在成語中)常用(或可以用)動(dòng)名詞的一般形式表示在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,如:l Excuse me for coming late.l I dont remember ever seeing him anywhere. 如:l This question is far from .l H e did it without .l They insisted on .l H e didnt mind . 如果表示的動(dòng)作在謂語表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生,有時(shí)需要用動(dòng)名詞的完成被動(dòng)形式,如: I dont remember