Unit 1 人教版八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè) 語法與知識(shí)點(diǎn)
Unit 1
第一部分:Grammar
一、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Modal Verbs)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should意為“應(yīng)該,應(yīng)當(dāng)”,必須和后面的動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。用以表達(dá)職責(zé)和義務(wù)、提出勸告,而且表述的是自己的主觀看法。
1.should的句式結(jié)構(gòu)
句式
結(jié)構(gòu)
例句
肯定句
主語+should+do
They should eat a balaced diet.
他們應(yīng)該平衡飲食。
否定句
主語+should not +do
They shouldn’t eat too much.
他們不該吃得太多。
一般疑問句
---Should + 主語 +do+…?
---yes, 主語+should.
---No, 主語+shouldn’t.
---It’s too cold. Should I close the window?
太冷了,我該關(guān)上窗戶嗎?
---Yes, you ______./No, you ________.
是的,你應(yīng)該。/不,你不應(yīng)該。
2.should的用法
用法
例句
表示勸告、建議
You _________ answer the question in English.
你應(yīng)該用英語回答這個(gè)問題。
表示推測(cè)
They _________ be at home now, I think.
我認(rèn)為,他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在家。
表示驚訝、贊嘆、不滿等
How _________ I know it?我怎么知道這間事情呢?
注意:should在以why,who,how等疑問詞開頭的問句中,意為“竟然,居然,怎么會(huì)”,表示意外、驚喜或在說話人看來是不可思議的。
二、 其他表示建議的句型
用法
例句
Shall we/I + do+…?
Shall we _________ for a walk? 咱們?nèi)ド⒉胶脝幔?
What/How about+doing/sth…?
What about _________ swimming? 去游泳怎么樣?
Let’s + do…?
Let’s _________ and _________ them.咱們?nèi)タ纯此麄儼伞?
You’d/We’d better (not) + do…?
We _________ _________ wait a little longer.
我們最好再稍等一會(huì)兒。
Why don’t you + do …?
Why don’t you _________ a walk outside?
為什么不出去散步呢?
Why not + do…?
Why _________ _________ a walk outside?
為什么不出去散步呢?
三、 反身代詞
表示反射或強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞叫做反身代詞。反身代詞是由第一人稱、第二人稱形容詞性物主代詞或第三人稱代詞的賓格形式,詞尾加self或selves組成。反身代詞可譯“本人”、“本身”,為加強(qiáng)語氣,也常翻譯為“親自”、“自己”。不定人稱代詞one-----oneself.
1、反身代詞的分類
數(shù)、人稱
第一人稱
第二人稱
第三人稱
單數(shù)
myself
yourself
Himself,herself,itself
復(fù)數(shù)
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
2、反身代詞的用法
用法
說明
例句
作動(dòng)詞的賓語
常用于enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,
introduce,dress,help,
look after, get dressed 作賓語
He is teaching _________ English.
他在自學(xué)英語。
We enjoyed _________ last night.
昨天晚上我們玩得很開心。
做介詞的賓語
常用于in,on,with,of,after,by作賓語
She lives by _________ in the countryside.
她一個(gè)人生活在鄉(xiāng)下。
做同位語
強(qiáng)調(diào)作用、加強(qiáng)語氣
Did you make the cake _________?
這蛋糕是你親自做的嘛?
Mr. Black _________ is a lawyer.
布萊克先生本人就是一名律師。
做表語
強(qiáng)調(diào)“自己”
Just be _________.做你自己就好了。
Mary hasn’t quite been _________ recently.瑪麗最近有些不對(duì)勁。
第二部分:?jiǎn)卧~用法
Section A
1. What’s the matter?怎么了?
該句常用詢問某人患了何種疾病或遇到了什么麻煩,其后用with引出對(duì)象。
1). What’s the matter with sb.?
=what’s wrong with sb.?
=what’s the trouble/problem with sb.?
=what’s one’s trouble/problem?
e.g. What’s the matter with Tom?=what’s _________ with Tom?
=What’s the _________ with Tom?=What’s Tom’s _________?
2). matter, 名詞,“問題,事情”
e.g. We have important _________(matter) to discuss.
我們有些重要的問題要討論。
3). 動(dòng)詞,“要緊,關(guān)系重大”
e.g. It dosen’t _________ that you came late.
2. I have a cold.我感冒了。
1).have/get/catch a cold “感冒,著涼”
The old man _________ a cold yesterday.那位老人昨天感冒了。
2). “have +a/an +疾病名稱”意為“得了….病”
have a fever, have a cough,have a headache…
3. I have a sore back.我背痛。
“I have a sore + 身體部位”意為“…痛”
辨析sore和ache
sore
形容詞,意為“疼痛的;酸痛的”用于身體部位名詞前
sore feet
sore leg sore throat
ache
名詞,構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞
headache; stomachache
4. lie down and and rest.
1).lie 的不同含義及詞性變化
單詞
詞性
詞義
現(xiàn)在分詞
過去式
過去分詞
lie
動(dòng)詞
躺;平躺
lying
lay
Lain
lie
動(dòng)詞
說謊
lying
lied
Lied
lie
名詞
謊言
無
無
無
Katy _________ (lie) on the bed and read the letter last night.凱蒂昨晚躺在床上看書。
He _________(lie) to me about the result.對(duì)于結(jié)果他對(duì)我說了謊。
2). rest 動(dòng)詞,“休息,放松”
May him rest in peace.
have/take a rest 休息,放松=rest
5. You need to take breaks away from the computer.
take breaks = take/have a break 休息
We are _________ a break under the tree.我們正在樹下休息。
6. Yeah,I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.是的,我想我以同樣的姿勢(shì)一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地坐太久了。
1). In the same way:以同樣的方式,以相同的方式
She worked out the math problem in the same way.
2).without為介詞,意為“無,沒有,不”
You can’t buy things _________ money! 你沒有錢就買不了東西。
He left without _________ anything.他什么都沒有說就離開了。
7. …When the driver saw an old man lying on the side og the road.這時(shí),司機(jī)看到路邊躺著一位老人。
see/watch/notice/hear sb.doing sth. 強(qiáng)調(diào)看到/聽到的動(dòng)作的正在進(jìn)行
see/watch/notice/hear sb.do sth. 強(qiáng)調(diào)看到/聽到的動(dòng)作的完整性
e.g. I often _________ him _________ in the garden last month.
上個(gè)月,我總是看到他在花園里干活。(強(qiáng)調(diào)全過程)
I _________ him _________ in the garden when I passed by yersterday.
昨天我看見他正在花園里干活。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)
8. He expected most or all the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.
1).expect +名詞/代詞 “期待;預(yù)料”
I am _________ a phone call from her.我正在等她的電話。
2).expect to do sth.
She expects to go there next week. 她期望下周去那里。
3).expect sb. to do sth. He expected her to go with him.
4).expect +that 從句 I expect that he’ll come back tomorrow.
9. But to my surprise, they all agreed to go with him.
1). to one’s surprise “使…驚訝的是,出乎…意料”
________ my _________(surprise), he refused to cooperate with us.
讓我驚訝的是,他拒絕與我們合作。
2). agree “同意”
a. agree to do sth. “同意做某事”
b. agree with sb.
c. agree on sth. “就某事達(dá)成一致”
e.g. My mother agreed _________(buy) me a new pen.
I entirely agree _________ you.
We agree _________ the question.
10. 辨析thanks to /thanks for
thanks to
“多虧,由于”,to是介詞,其后接名詞、代詞或doing
thanks for
“因…而感謝”,for 后接感謝的原因,常為名詞或doing形式,
Thanks _________ you, I am not lost.幸虧你我才沒有迷路。
Thanks _________ sending me such a nice gift. 謝謝你寄給我這么好的一個(gè)禮物。
11. get into trouble “造成麻煩(或煩惱);陷入困境” trouble是不可數(shù)名詞。
be in trouble “再麻煩和困境中”
e.g. Lisa _________ _________ trouble when she climed the mountain.
Let us help the people who are ________ _________.
12. Did you fall down?
fall---fell---fallen
fall down
意為“倒下”,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“滑倒,倒下”,不能直接跟賓語,加from連接賓語,fall down from,表示“從…摔下”
fall off
“跌落”,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“從某處跌落,摔下來”=fall down from
e.g. The dog _________ down dead.那條狗倒下去死了。
The boy _________ _________ _________ the tree and broke his legs.
The girl _________ _________ the bike.
Section B
1. Someone felt sick.
Sick;生病的,惡心的。ill也是生病的,也可表示品質(zhì)惡劣的
辨析sick和ill
sick
既可以作定語,也可以用作表語。表語時(shí)“惡心的”
ill
既可以作定語,也可以用作表語。作定語時(shí):表示“品質(zhì)惡劣的”
e.g. Everytime I get on a boat, I feel _________.
He is an _________ student, because he smokes and drinks.
I have to look after my _________ sister home at home today.
2. Someone got hit on the head.有人頭部受到了撞擊。
1).get hit 為系表結(jié)構(gòu):get hit +on/in +the+身體部位的名詞,表示 “某身體部位受到了撞擊”
e.g. The police officer _________ _________on the shoulder. 這位警官的肩膀受到了撞擊。
2). hit, “打擊,擊中” 如果強(qiáng)調(diào) “集中某人的部位”可以用 “hit sb. on/in the + 身體部位”e.g. The bullet hit him on the back. 子彈擊中了他的后背。
3).hit可以做名詞,“轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的成功的人或事;風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的作品”。
e.g. The song was a hit at once.
3. have problems breathing
1). breathe, a.動(dòng)詞“呼吸”e.g. He was breathing hard when he finished the race.
b. 名詞,breath,沒有“e”
take a deep breath 深呼吸;hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
2). have problems (in) doing sth. “做某事有困難或麻煩”
e.g. I have _________ _________ English. 我學(xué)習(xí)英語有困難。
4. 辨析be used to doing/ be used to do /used to do
be used to doing
意為“習(xí)慣于”,to是介詞+名詞/doing
be used to do
意為“被用來做…”to為不定式符號(hào)+do原形
used to do
意為“過去常常”,to為不定式符號(hào)+do原形
e.g. I am _________ to _________ up early.我習(xí)慣早起。
A pen is _________ to _________.鋼筆是用來寫字的。
He _________ to _________ books for an hour every day.他過去常常每天讀一個(gè)小時(shí)的書。
5. find + 賓語 + 賓補(bǔ)
1). find 賓語 adj. We found him dishonest. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他不誠(chéng)實(shí)。
2).find 賓語 doing We found him _________others’ homework. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在抄別人作業(yè)。
3).find 賓語 副詞和介詞短語 I am so glad to find you _________.我很高興發(fā)現(xiàn)你在家。
I found the clothes _________ _________ style. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這些衣服過時(shí)了。
6. 辨析run out/run out of 用盡,耗盡
run out
“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞,后面不接賓語,主語通常是“事物”時(shí)間,金錢等
run out of
“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,后面可以接賓語,主語通常是“人”
Our money is _________ out. 我們的錢快用光了。
We are running out _________ money. 我們的錢快用光了。
7. 辨析so that /so…that
so that
“以便,為了”=in order that, 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,常與can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞。
so….that
“如此…以至于”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,so為副詞,+adj/adv;that 后跟從句。
可以與…enough to do…和too…to do…進(jìn)行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。
e.g. They got up early _________ _________ they could catch the early bus.
Say slowy _________ _________ I can follow you.
Tom ran _________ fast _________ I couldn’t catch up with him.
=Tom ran _________ fast _________ catch up with.
8. so …that 用法。
1). so + adj./adv. +that
2).so + adj. +(+a/an)+n.+that
3). so + many/much/few/little +n.that
e.g. The ceiling is so high that we couldn’t reach. 天花板如此高,我們夠不著。
His son is so tall a man that he almost reaches the ceiling.他兒子那么高,幾乎夠到天花板了。
Kate had so many falls that she was black and blue all over.凱特跌倒了好多次,摔得身體青一款紫一塊。
9. give up 放棄
1). “動(dòng)詞+副詞”代詞做賓語,代詞放中間。give it/them/him/her…up
2). give up doing it’s good for you to give up _________. 戒煙對(duì)你有好處。
10. I hurt myself playing soccer.
playing soccer 現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語。表示動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。其邏輯主語為句子的主語。
e.g. I stayed up late yesterday, _________ for a test. 昨天我為測(cè)驗(yàn)熬夜學(xué)習(xí)到很晚。