電大【建筑結(jié)構(gòu)試驗】綜合練習(xí)及答案參考小抄

專業(yè)好文檔【建筑結(jié)構(gòu)試驗】綜合練習(xí)及答案建筑結(jié)構(gòu)試驗綜合練習(xí)及答案一、選擇題 1用量綱分析法進行結(jié)構(gòu)模型設(shè)計時，下列哪一個量綱不屬于基本量綱？（ ）A質(zhì)量M ； B應(yīng)力； C長度L ； D時間T。（ ）2下列鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的承載力極限標(biāo)志中，哪一條不正確？（ ）A 跨中最大撓度達(dá)到跨度的150；B 受拉主筋重心處裂縫寬度達(dá)到1.5mm；C 剪力區(qū)，受壓混凝土剪壓破壞或斜壓破壞；D 主筋端部相對混凝土滑移達(dá)01mm。3建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的模型試驗的優(yōu)點，做如下表述中，哪一點是不以的？（ ）A 制作容易，節(jié)省材料、時間、人力；B 可以根據(jù)試驗?zāi)康?，突出主要因素，針對性強；C 可以嚴(yán)格控制其主要參數(shù)，避免許多外界因素干擾，保證數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確；D 能表達(dá)實體的一切特征。4在結(jié)構(gòu)抗震動力試驗中，下列何種加載方法既能較好地模擬地震又有實現(xiàn)的可能？（ ）A采用機械式偏心激振器激振 ； B采用地震模擬振動臺；C采用炸藥爆炸模擬人工地震； D采用電磁激振器激振。5貼電阻片處的應(yīng)變?yōu)?00，電阻片的靈敏系數(shù)K20，在這個電阻片上應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的電阻變化率應(yīng)是下列哪一個？（ ）A02 B04 C01 D036測量下列截面的內(nèi)力值，哪一種應(yīng)變計布置不符合測量要求？（ ） A B C D 測軸力 (N) 測軸力與彎矩(N,Mx) 測軸力 (N) 測軸力與彎矩(N,Mx,My)7鋼筋混凝土梁受集中荷載作用，按下圖各截面的測點布置，哪一組應(yīng)變測點可作為校核測點？（ ） A B C D8. 用下列方法檢測混凝土強度等級，哪一種最可靠？（ ）A 用超聲法測定混凝土強度等級； B用鉆芯法測定混凝土強度等級；C. 用回彈法測定混凝土強度等級； D用超聲回彈法測定混凝土強度等級。9.用下列四種量測方法測量梁的正截面裂縫寬度，哪一種最標(biāo)準(zhǔn)？（ ）A 取側(cè)面三條最大裂縫的平均寬度 B取底面三條最大裂縫的平均寬度C取受拉主鋼筋重心處的最大裂縫寬度 D取側(cè)面和底面三條最大裂縫平均寬度10.結(jié)構(gòu)試驗前，應(yīng)進行預(yù)載，以下哪一條不當(dāng)？（ ）A 混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)載值不宜超過開裂荷載計算值70B 預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)載值可以超過開裂荷載計算值C 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的預(yù)載值可以加到使用荷載D 預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的預(yù)載值可以加至正常使用荷載二判斷題（下列論述，對的畫，錯誤的畫）1結(jié)構(gòu)靜力試驗加載分級是為了便于觀察變形與荷載的關(guān)系。（ ）2研究結(jié)構(gòu)在荷載作用下的彈性、彈塑性直至破壞各階段全過程的工作性能，應(yīng)取彈性模型進行試驗。（ ）3移動荷載作用下結(jié)構(gòu)所產(chǎn)生的動撓度往往比靜撓度小。（ ）4結(jié)構(gòu)靜力試驗時，安裝在結(jié)構(gòu)上的儀表，要求剛度小，不影響被測結(jié)構(gòu)的工作性能。（ ）5測量結(jié)構(gòu)振動時，安裝在結(jié)構(gòu)上的振動傳感器的質(zhì)量應(yīng)盡可能大，才能不影響結(jié)構(gòu)的振動特性。（ ）三簡答題1試述測量應(yīng)變有哪幾種儀器（方法）？2.生產(chǎn)檢驗性試驗與研究性試驗，荷載分級有哪些相同的？3.靜力試驗中，各級荷載下的恒載持續(xù)時間是如何規(guī)定的？4.怎樣確定開裂荷載實測值？5.一個截面對稱的構(gòu)件，承受彎矩與軸力共同作用，如圖所示，用電阻應(yīng)變儀測量彎矩引起的最大應(yīng)變。試擬定一個測試方案，并列出應(yīng)變儀讀數(shù)與實際應(yīng)變的關(guān)系？ P M M P6.測定結(jié)構(gòu)的動力特性的方法有哪幾種？7下圖為低周反復(fù)荷載試驗的結(jié)果。試說明圖中所示四點的強度的定義。8一根端部作用著荷載的懸臂梁，按最大撓度（ ）相似設(shè)計模型，簡述確定相似常數(shù)的過程。參考答案：一、選擇題1B2D3D4B5C6D7D8. B9C10B二判斷題（下列論述，對的畫，錯誤的畫）12345三簡答題1答：電阻應(yīng)變計；手持式應(yīng)變計；振弦式應(yīng)變計。2.答：達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)荷載之前，每級加載值不應(yīng)大于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值的20%，一般分五級加至標(biāo)準(zhǔn)荷載；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)荷載之后，每級不宜大于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)荷載的10%；對于鋼筋混凝土或預(yù)應(yīng)力構(gòu)件，加載到開裂荷載的90%后，也應(yīng)改為不大于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值的5%施加，直至第一條裂縫出現(xiàn)，開裂后再恢復(fù)到正常加載程序。3.答：混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的級間停留時間不得少于1015min，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)取10min，砌體和木結(jié)構(gòu)也可參照執(zhí)行。在正常使用極限狀態(tài)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)荷載作用下的持續(xù)時間不應(yīng)少于30min，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)也不宜少于30min，砌體為30min的6倍；木結(jié)構(gòu)不小于24小時；拱式磚石結(jié)構(gòu)或混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)不小于72小時。對于預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土構(gòu)件的研究性試驗，達(dá)到開裂荷載計算值仍未開裂，應(yīng)持續(xù)30min(檢驗性構(gòu)件不受此限制)。對于采用新材料、新工藝、新結(jié)構(gòu)形式的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件，或跨度較大(大于12m)的屋架、桁架等結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件，為了確保使用期間的安全，要求在正常使用極限狀態(tài)短期試驗荷載作用下的持續(xù)時間不宜少于12h，在這段時間內(nèi)變形繼續(xù)增長而無穩(wěn)定趨勢時，還應(yīng)延長持續(xù)時間直至變形發(fā)展穩(wěn)定為止。4.答：如果在規(guī)定的荷載持載時間結(jié)束后出現(xiàn)裂縫，則將此級荷載定為開裂荷載實測值。如果在規(guī)定的荷載持載時間內(nèi)出現(xiàn)裂縫，則將此級荷載與前一級荷載的平均值定為開裂荷載實測值。如果沒有及時發(fā)現(xiàn)第一條裂縫，可取荷載撓度曲線上的轉(zhuǎn)折點（曲線第一彎轉(zhuǎn)段兩端點切線的交點）的荷載值作為構(gòu)件的開裂荷載實測值。5.答：如圖，在截面的受拉及受壓邊緣各貼一片電阻片；按半橋接法，將受拉邊緣電阻片接于電橋A、B端，將受拉邊緣電阻片接于電橋B、C端 ；=2。（或：如右圖，在截面的受拉及受壓邊緣各貼兩片電阻片；按全橋接法，將受拉邊緣電阻片接于電橋A、B及C、D端，將受拉邊緣電阻片接于電橋B、C及D、A端 ；=4。)6.答：自由振動法；共振法；脈動法。7答：開裂強度 試件出現(xiàn)垂直裂縫或斜裂縫時的截面內(nèi)力(Mf，Nf，Vf)或應(yīng)力(f，f)值。 屈服強度 試件剛度開始明顯變化時的截面內(nèi)力(MY，NY，VY)或應(yīng)力(fY，fY)值。 極限強度 試件達(dá)到最大承載能力時的截面內(nèi)力(Mmax，Nmax，Vmax)或應(yīng)力(max，max)值。 破損強度 試件經(jīng)歷最大承載能力后，達(dá)到某一剩余承載能力時的截面內(nèi)力(MP，NP，VP)或應(yīng)力(P，P)值。目前試驗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)程規(guī)定可取極限強度的85。8答：按公式求相似判據(jù)： 將相似判據(jù)換算成相似指標(biāo)，并令其為1，即： 確定相應(yīng)的相似常數(shù)：設(shè)材料相同、，最大撓度相同；則可求得： Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011."Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the "racist behaviour of their fans" duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA." Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.6找那些找不到的電大作業(yè)答案，百度一下電大天堂