畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 單片機(jī) 紅外線遙控 中英文對(duì)照

無 錫 職 業(yè) 技 術(shù) 學(xué) 院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書（英文翻譯） 英文 As electronic technology, computer and sensor technology, the rapid development of remote control technology in the modern industrial and agricultural production, daily life, scientific research, national defense construction has been widely applied and achieved gratifying results. Remote control technology is in accordance with the intended objectives of the parameters of controlled object, the working status of long-distance control of a technology. Modern remote control technology is electronic technology, computer technology, sensor technology, multi-disciplinary knowledge and skills. Remote control technology is now widely used in various types of household appliances. Such as TV remote control, light remote control, remote control fans, air conditioning remote control and so on. Such applications increase the function and grade of household appliances, to users has brought great convenience. TV with remote control function, users do not have to leave the seat, only need to use hand-held infrared remote control can switch between programs to realize the right volume, and contrast adjustments. In these application, shows that “far” “near” is relative.Have "a thousand miles away," there are "one step away" in said remote control of household appliances is a vivid example. Between the operator and charged with the load of a non-contact automatic way. From the technical side, has experienced several generations of development, before the advent of the transistor, remote control devices are assembled by a tube, and due to the containers and load limitations, usually only tube assembly. This receiver susceptible to external interference and prevent any mistakes from control and loss of control events, so popular with the increase in restricted. 60 early last century, there will be a full transistor-based single-channel remote control unit, which the receiver is only as big as a matchbox, ground remote control distance is only 200M or so. Also appeared in the mid-60s transistor-based multi-channel remote control equipment, remote control technology has played a larger role in promoting. The 20th century, the mid-70s, the advent of integrated circuits, especially, in the 20th century, 80 year now, large-scale, rapid development of ultra large scale integrated circuits,microprocessors into remote measurement system, to the remote control has brought a revolutionary change in measured, so that Remote telemetry technology has been a leap again and again. SCM is an integrated circuit chip, is the use of ultra-large scale integrated circuit technology to the central processing unit with data processing capabilities CPU random access memory RAM, read-only memory ROM, a variety of I / O port and interrupt system, timer / timers and other functions (which may also include display driver circuit, pulse-width modulation circuit, analog circuit, analog multiplexers, A/D converter circuit) integrated into a silicon chip composed of a small but composed of a small but complete computer systems. SCM is also known as micro-controller, because it is the first to be used in industrial control applications. Microcontroller chip only by the dedicated processor CPU evolved. The design concept is the first by a large number of peripherals and CPU in a single chip, allowing the computer system smaller and easier to integrate into a complex and demanding on the size of the control devices. INTEL is Z80 is the first designed in accordance with this idea of the processor, then on the development of microcontroller and dedicated processors, will be split. SCM also known as single-chip microcontroller, it is not the completion of a logic function of a chip, but to a computer system integrated into a chip. Is equivalent to a micro-computer, and computer than just a lack of microcontroller I / O devices? General point of view: a chip has become a computer. Its small size, light weight, low price, for learning, application and development of facilities provided. At the same time, learning to use microcontrollers to understand the principle and structure of the computer the best choice. SCM also used internally and computer functionally similar modules, such as CPU, memory, parallel bus, as well as the role of the same memory and hard drive parts, and different is its performance of these components are weak in comparison with our home computer a lot, but the price is low, and generally not more than 10 Yuan ...... you can do with it some control over a class of appliances is not very complicated task, is sufficient. We are now using automatic drum washing machines, exhaust hood, VCD and so on appliances which could see its shadow!. It is mainly as a control part of the core components. It is an online real-time control computer, on-line is on-site control, need to have strong anti-interference ability, low cost, which is, and off-line computer (such as home PC) of the major differences. SCM relies on procedure, and can be amended. Through different procedures to achieve different functions, in particular, is a special and unique features, this is another device much effort needs to be done, while others are devoting great effort is also difficult to achieve. A not very complex functions if the United States 50 years with the development of 74 series, or the 60s CD4000 series of pure hardware Walsh said these words, the circuit must be a big PCB board! However, if we are successful with the United States 70 year to market a series of microcontrollers, the result will be a drastic change. Just because you write the adoption of SCM programs can achieve high intelligence, high efficiency and high reliability! SCM was born in the late 20th century, 70 experienced a SCM, MCU, SOC three stages. 1. SCM that the single-chip micro-computer (Single Chip Microcomputer) stage, mainly to find the best single-chip embedded systems form the best architecture. In the open road of independent development of embedded systems, Intel Corporation contributed. 2. MCU that the micro-controller (Micro Controller Unit) stage, the main direction of technological development: expanding to meet the embedded applications, the object system requirements for a variety of peripheral circuits and interface circuits, to highlight its object of intelligent control. It involves the areas associated with the object system, therefore, the development of MCUs responsibility inevitably falls on electrical, electronics manufacturers. From this perspective, Intel is gradually fading out MCUs development also has its objective factors. In the development of MCU, the best-known manufacturers when the number of Philips Corporation. 3.With the micro-electronics technology, IC design, EDA tools development, and SOC-based Microcontroller Application System will have greater development. Therefore, from the single-chip microcontroller understanding of micro-computer, single-chip microcontroller extends to monolithic applications. AT89C51 performance introduction, AT89C51 is a kind of 4k bytes of flash erasable programmable read-only memory (FPEROM-Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory) of the low-voltage, high-performance CMOS8-bit microprocessors, commonly known as microcontrollers. The device uses high-density non-volatile memory ATMEL manufacturing technology manufacturing, and industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and output pins are compatible. Owing to the multi-function 8-bit CPU and flash memory combined in a single chip, ATMEL the AT89C51 is a highly effective micro-controller, for many embedded control system provides a high degree of flexibility and inexpensive solution. AT89C51 is a low-power high-performance microcontroller, 40 pins, 32 external bi-directional input / output (I / O) ports, and includes two external interrupt ports, two 16-bit programmable timer counter, 2 full - duplex serial communication port, AT89C51 can be programmed according to conventional methods can also be online programming. It wills generic microprocessor and Flash memory, combination, particularly when repeated erase the Flash memory can effectively reduce the development costs. MC-51s clock can be generated internally or by external means. Internal mode crystals, as well as an external clock circuit capacitors C1, C2 constitute a parallel resonant circuit, connected to the amplifier produces self-excited circuit, the general crystal can be between 2 ~ 12MHZ optional. Although there is no external capacitor on the value of the strict requirements, but the size of the capacitor will affect the oscillation frequency of the number of high and low, oscillator stability, since the rapid vibration and temperature stability. An external crystal, C1 and C2 is usually about 30pF; external ceramic resonator, when, C1 and C2 of the typical value of 47pF. When using an external clock circuit mode, the external signal connected to the XTAL2 (internal clock circuit input), while XTAL1 ground. As the XTAL2 terminal is not a TTL logic level, and it is suggested that an external pull-up resistor. The external oscillator signal is usually not a special request, but need to ensure that the minimum pulse width high and low, usually less than 12M of the square wave frequency. Reset or return to the initial state is the microcontroller to enter the working state. Application in the design of microcomputer systems, must understand the single mind reset. MCU is reset by an external circuit, and in the case of the oscillator is running, RST pin to keep two-cycle time, high above, the system reset. Occur in the RST high end of the second cycle, the implementation of internal reset, the above repeated each cycle until RST goes low side. When reset, ALE and /PSEN configured as input state. Namely, ALE = 1, / PSEN = 1. The impact of internal RAM is not reset. In many practical SCM system, often using non-electrical signals to transmit control information and data information, a realization of remote control and telemetry functions, including infrared remote control is currently the most widely used as a means of communication and remote control. As the infrared remote control device has small size, low power consumption, strong function, and low cost, thus following the color TV, VCR,after the tape recorders, audio equipment, air conditioners, as well as toys and other small electrical devices, they have to use infra-red remote control. Industrial equipment, in the high-pressure, radiation, toxic gases, dust and other environments, using infra-red remote control is not only safe and reliable, but also effectively Greed Electrical interference. It is precisely because infrared signals with these characteristics, along with computer technology and infrared remote control technology, more and more of the infrared communication device has been applied to the MCU system. Infrared data communication, the name suggests, is through the infrared transmission of data, it is an infrared transmission medium as the data transmission. In the early stages of development of computer technology, data is transmitted via cable, the cable transmission chain, find it troublesome and require special interface, rather inconvenient. So then there is an infrared, Bluetooth, 802.11 and other wireless data transmission technology. Infrared is a wavelength of 750nm~1mm between the electromagnetic wave is a human not seeing the light. Infrared data transmission generally used within the infrared band near-infrared wavelength in the 0.75um ~ 25um. Infrared Data Association, in order to ensure that products from different vendors to get the best of infrared communications results, limit all the infrared wavelength 850nm ~ 900nm. Infrared remote control is the use of infra-red (also known as infrared light) to pass control signals to realize the remote control to control the object. Specifically, is the issue of infrared commands from the transmitter signal received by the receiver down and signal processing and finally realize the various functions of the control object of the remote control. Infrared remote control is the use of infra-red (also known as infrared light) to pass control signals to realize the remote control to control the object. Specifically, is the issue of infrared commands from the transmitter signal received by the receiver down and signal processing and finally realize the various functions of the control object of the remote control. IR emitters from the command key, the signal generating circuit, modulation circuit, driver circuit and infra-red emitting devices composed of. When the command button is pressed, the command signal generation circuit can generate the required control command signals. Here are some of the control command signals to distinguish the different characteristics. Common distinction between the frequency instruction signals is characterized by a group of characteristic features and code that use different frequencies or different codes represent different telecommunications code instructions. These different instruction signal is modulated by a modulation circuit, the final drive from the drive circuit infrared light emitting devices, infrared remote control command signals issued. By the infrared receiver infrared receiver devices, pre-amplifier circuit, regulating circuit, command signal detection circuit, memory and driver circuit, implementation of the circuit. When the infrared ray receiving device receives the signal from the infrared transmitter, it will be infrared light signals into electrical signals, and zoom into the pre-amplifier and then the demodulator after the command signal detection circuit to command signal detection, finally from the memory and drive the implementation of the circuit, to achieve a variety of operations. Infrared remote controls there are several main characteristics. Red remote control independence, due to the infrared for non-visible light, so has little effect on the environment is less than the long-wave infrared wavelength of radio waves, therefore, infrared remote control does not interfere with other household appliances, it will not affect the nearby radio equipment. Similarity of properties and visible light, as close to the edge of visible light, infrared, and its linear transmission, reflection, refraction, and absorption by material physical properties are very similar to visible light. Without the ability to penetrate obstacles. Has a strong hidden, because the infrared for non-visible light, has a strong hidden. Outside remote control distance, usually a few meters to tens of meters or even farther. Infrared remote control system in accordance with generated control instructions distinction between methods and characteristics, and classification can mainly be Sub-frequency-division system and code-division system, infra-red remote control. Frequency-division system, infra-red remote control is to direct the signal have different frequencies instructions telecommunications. Receiver detection instruction signal corresponding to a different command signal transmitter frequency selection circuit, referred to as frequency-selective circuits. Corresponds to each instruction, there should be a frequency-selective circuit. Infrared transmitter and receiver devices transmit and receive 0.88 ~ 0.94μm wavelength near-infrared light, therefore, under normal circumstances frequency-division system, infrared remote control transmitter without modulation and demodulation circuits, different frequencies of command signal directly added to the driver circuit, driver infrared emission device launch different frequencies of near-infrared light signals. LED light source is a light-emitting diode (LED) light source for the light-emitting body. Light-emitting diode was invented in the 20th century, 60 years, in the ensuing decades; its basic use is as an indicator tape recorder and other electronic devices. This lamp has a high efficiency, long life characteristics, continuous use 10 million hours, longer than ordinary incandescent bulbs 100 times. Scientists predict that in the next five years, this lamp is likely to become the mainstream of the next generation of lighting products. Light-emitting diode bulbs in terms of structure and in the light-emitting principle, its always the traditional incandescent lamp are essentially different. Light-emitting diodes are adulterated by the several layers of thin semiconductor material, a layer with an excessive amount of electronics, due to lack of electrons to form another layer of positively charged "hole", when current is passed, each electron and hole combine and release energy, which radiate light. For a long time, it is not the reason for the light-emitting diode lighting, mainly because of light-emitting diodes are typically issued by red light or yellow light, in order to obtain white light, must also be manufactured that emits blue light-emitting diodes. In this way, red, yellow, blue three kinds of light "mixed", the would produce white light. Scientists have discovered a new type of semiconductor material --- GaN, it can be properly treated emits blue light. Fat blue light is resolved, the white of the questions have hope. Uniwersity of Cambridge department of materals science of curling.John Humphreys said that have developed in the experiment can be made white lighe-emitting diode bulbs,this lighe bulb issue is very close with the sun, has a good application prospects. He said the light-emitting diode bulbs to semiconductors as materials, therefore, that a very small light-emitting device can be done, and only a few millimeters, will be mounted on wall or ceiling, if you do not turn on the lights, can hardly notice their existence, so that will be removed from the ordinary incandescent lamp to prevent light barbed coupled with the eye trouble. In addition, this light bulb life is very long, almost no change after the placement of the future, people may forget how changing a light bulb is one thing. Currently, he is calling on the British Government to increase investment to ensure that the United Kingdom in the forefront of this technology. Dimming to high-brightness LED lamps as light source, to the host microcontroller chip; system is divided into host and remote from the machine, the host is responsible for dimming, from the machine for remote control, infrared remote control method. 360畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng) Remote from the plane to have four buttons,one button is switch, click the light to open, and then lights off, button 2 is a low brightness;key3, is the brightness, button 4, a high brightness, Host also has dimming function, by rotating the knob can be arbitrarily adjust the brightness of light intensity. 中文 隨著電子技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)和傳感器技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，遙控技術(shù)在現(xiàn)代工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、日常生活、科學(xué)研究、國防建設(shè)等領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛應(yīng)用，并取得可喜成果。遙控技術(shù)就是按照預(yù)定的目標(biāo)對(duì)被控對(duì)象的參數(shù)、工作狀態(tài)實(shí)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)距離控制的一門技術(shù)?，F(xiàn)代遙控技術(shù)又是電子技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)等多學(xué)科知識(shí)和技術(shù)?，F(xiàn)在遙控技術(shù)已經(jīng)普遍地應(yīng)用于各類家用電器中。例如電視遙控、電燈遙控、電風(fēng)扇遙控、空調(diào)遙控等。這類應(yīng)用提高了家電的功能和檔次，給使用者帶來了極大的方便。設(shè)有遙控功能的電視機(jī)，使用者不必離開座位，只需要使用手持紅外遙控器就可以進(jìn)行節(jié)目切換，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)音量、對(duì)比度等的調(diào)節(jié)。在這些應(yīng)用中說明，“遠(yuǎn)” “近”都是相對(duì)的。有“千里之遙”，也有“一步之遙”之說，家用電器的遙控就是一個(gè)生動(dòng)的實(shí)例。操作者與被控者之間對(duì)負(fù)載非接觸式的一種自動(dòng)控制方式。 從技術(shù)方面，經(jīng)歷了幾代的發(fā)展，在晶體管出現(xiàn)以前，遙控裝置都是由電子管組裝而成的，由于受到的容器和載重的限制，通常只用電子管組裝。這種接收機(jī)易受外界干擾而發(fā)生誤控及失控事件，因此在普及與提高方面受到限制。上個(gè)世紀(jì)60年代初就有了全晶體管化的單通道遙控裝置，其接收機(jī)僅有火柴盒那么大，地面遙控距離只有200M左右。60年代中期又出現(xiàn)了多通道晶體管化遙控設(shè)備，對(duì)遙控技術(shù)發(fā)展起到了較大的推動(dòng)作用。20世紀(jì)70年代中期，集成電路的問世，特別是20世紀(jì)80年代至今，大規(guī)模、超大規(guī)模集成電路飛速發(fā)展，將微處理器引入遙控測(cè)系統(tǒng)，給遙控測(cè)帶來了革命性的變化，使遙控遙測(cè)技術(shù)得到了一次又一次的飛躍。 單片機(jī)是一種集成在電路芯片，是采用超大規(guī)模集成電路技術(shù)把具有數(shù)據(jù)處理能力的中央處理器CPU隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器RAM、只讀存儲(chǔ)器ROM、多種I/O口和中斷系統(tǒng)、定時(shí)器/計(jì)時(shí)器等功能（可能還包括顯示驅(qū)動(dòng)電路、脈寬調(diào)制電路、模擬多路轉(zhuǎn)換器、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器等電路）集成到一塊硅片上構(gòu)成的一個(gè)小而完善的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。 單片機(jī)也被稱為微控制器，是因?yàn)樗钤绫挥迷诠I(yè)控制領(lǐng)域。單片機(jī)由芯片內(nèi)僅有CPU的專用處理器發(fā)展而來。最早的設(shè)計(jì)理念是通過將大量外圍設(shè)備和CPU集成在一個(gè)芯片中，使計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)更小，更容易集成進(jìn)復(fù)雜的而對(duì)體積要求嚴(yán)格的控制設(shè)備當(dāng)中。INTEL的Z80是最早按照這種思想設(shè)計(jì)出的處理器，從此以后，單片機(jī)和專用處理器的發(fā)展便分道揚(yáng)鑣。 單片機(jī)又稱單片微控制器,它不是完成某一個(gè)邏輯功能的芯片,而是把一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)集成到一個(gè)芯片上。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)微型的計(jì)算機(jī)，和計(jì)算機(jī)相比，單片機(jī)只缺少了I/O設(shè)備。概括的講：一塊芯片就成了一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。它的體積小、質(zhì)量輕、價(jià)格便宜、為學(xué)習(xí)、應(yīng)