職稱英語(yǔ)考試 理工類B級(jí) 考前最后兩套題之一 【密押卷】

2014年職稱英語(yǔ)考試 理工類B級(jí) 考前最后兩套題之一 【密押卷】 第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1~15題，每題1分，共15分) 　　下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。 　　1.At midnight,we were aroused by a knock at the door. 　　A.irritated　B.awakened　C.arisen　D.annoyed 　　2.She was awarded a prize for the film. 　　A.given　B.rewarded　C.sent　D.reminded 　　3.Smoking will be banned in all public places here. 　　A.forbidden　B.allowed　C.permitted　D.promoted 　　4.That guy is intelligeng but a bit dull. 　　A.strange　B.special　C.quiet　D.boring 　　5.She is a highly successful teacher. 　　A.fairly　B.rather　C.very　D.moderately 　　6.We should not sacrifice environmental protections to foster economic growth. 　　A.reduce　B.promote　C.realize　D.give 　　7.There is a growing gap between the rich and the poor. 　　A.conflict　B.tension　C.gulf　D.confrontation 　　8.I am very grateful to you for your assistance. 　　A.helpful　B.hopeful　C.pitiful　D.thankful 　　9.You will be meeting her presently. 　　A.shortly　B.currently　C.lately　D.probably 　　10.Attitudes to mental illness have shifted in recent years. 　　A.displayed　B.shown　C.changed　D.demonstrated 　　11.I have been trying to guit smoking. 　　A.give up　B.pick up　C.build up　D.take up 　　12.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw. 　　A.moved　B.touched　C.surprised　D.worried 　　13.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain. 　　A.question　B.problem　C.title　D.topic 　　14.This is not typical of English,but is a feature of the Chinese language. 　　A.particular　B.characteristic　C.remarkable　D.idiomatic 　　15.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job. 　　A.simply　B.almost　C.totally　D.completely 　　答案: 　　1.B　2.A　3.A　4.D　5.C 　　6.B　7.C　8.D　9.A　10.C 　　11.A　12.C　13.D　14.B　15.B 　　閱讀判斷 　　Plants and Mankind 　　Botany(植物學(xué)), the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don’t know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrialial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, Medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all. 　　Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away. 　　1.It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. 　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 　　2.People cannot survive without plants. 　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 　　3.Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school. 　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 　　4.Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization. 　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 　　5.Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks. 　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 　　6.People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000years ago. 　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 　　7.Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild. 　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 　　參考答案: 　　1. A. 問(wèn)題句說(shuō)“‘關(guān)于植物及其特征的詳細(xì)知識(shí)一定由來(lái)已久’這種說(shuō)法是合乎邏輯的?！崩谩瓣P(guān)于植物及其特征的詳細(xì)知識(shí)”作為答案線索短語(yǔ)，于是在文章第一段第2句話中發(fā)現(xiàn)含有該短語(yǔ)的句子。而在接下來(lái)的一句中發(fā)現(xiàn)“合乎邏輯的”這個(gè)問(wèn)題句中的關(guān)鍵詞。對(duì)比問(wèn)題句和答案相關(guān)句，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題句是一個(gè)句子，而原文采用了2個(gè)句子。比較他們語(yǔ)意上的差異：原文中代詞“This”回指上一句話中的陳述，即指代“關(guān)于植物及其特征的詳細(xì)知識(shí)一定由來(lái)已久”?？梢?jiàn)原文的說(shuō)法與問(wèn)題句的說(shuō)法一致。所以該題是考察代詞this的指代關(guān)系。 　　2. A. 該題可用常識(shí)直接判斷：人類沒(méi)有植物就不能生存這種說(shuō)法應(yīng)該是正確的。而第1段雖然沒(méi)有直接地講到植物對(duì)于人類而言是極為重要的，但提到植物為人類提供了食物、衣服、工具、藥物等等生活必需品，植物是食物金字塔的基礎(chǔ)。所以該題是考察考生的語(yǔ)句的總結(jié)能力。 　　3. B. 利用“亞馬遜叢林中的部落”作為答案線索詞，于是在第一段結(jié)尾部分找到答案相關(guān)句。該句提到現(xiàn)今仍生活在亞馬遜叢林中的部落能識(shí)別成百上千種植物及其特征，但在他們的詞匯中還沒(méi)有“植物學(xué)”這個(gè)詞，甚至有可能不承認(rèn)“植物學(xué)”是專門的知識(shí)。因此在學(xué)校中不可能設(shè)該課。 　　4. B. 利用“工業(yè)化”作為答案線索詞，于是在第二段第一句話發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句，該句說(shuō)工業(yè)化的程度越高，我們與植物的直接接觸就越少。 　　5. B. 利用“botanical knowledge”作為答案線索詞，于是我們?cè)诘诙蔚牡?句找到答案相關(guān)句。但說(shuō)人們無(wú)意識(shí)地獲得了大量植物學(xué)知識(shí)，由此可以推出這些知識(shí)不是從教科書中獲得的。 　　6. A. 利用“10，000”作為答案線索詞(因?yàn)槟甏ǔＪ怯脭?shù)字表示)，于是在第二段發(fā)現(xiàn)有句子提到當(dāng)生活在約一萬(wàn)年前中東地區(qū)的人們發(fā)現(xiàn)從某些禾本植物中可以收獲糧食，并且播種后下一個(gè)收獲季節(jié)還能產(chǎn)出更多的糧食時(shí)，就邁開(kāi)了植物和人類聯(lián)系的第1 大步。 　　7. B. 該題從常識(shí)判斷應(yīng)該是不正確。而在第二段末尾講從約一萬(wàn)年前開(kāi)始從事農(nóng)耕起，人們逐漸地停止采食野果，這是因?yàn)槊妊繒r(shí)期的農(nóng)耕技術(shù)還十分落后，人們還不能從中獲得足夠的食物。 　　閱讀理解 　　Plants and Mankind 　　Botany(植物學(xué)), the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don’t know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrialial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, Medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all. 　　Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away. 　　1.It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. 　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 　　2.People cannot survive without plants. 　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 　　3.Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school. 　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 　　4.Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization. 　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 　　5.Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks. 　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 　　6.People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000years ago. 　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 　　7.Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild. 　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 　　參考答案: 　　1. A. 問(wèn)題句說(shuō)“‘關(guān)于植物及其特征的詳細(xì)知識(shí)一定由來(lái)已久’這種說(shuō)法是合乎邏輯的?！崩谩瓣P(guān)于植物及其特征的詳細(xì)知識(shí)”作為答案線索短語(yǔ)，于是在文章第一段第2句話中發(fā)現(xiàn)含有該短語(yǔ)的句子。而在接下來(lái)的一句中發(fā)現(xiàn)“合乎邏輯的”這個(gè)問(wèn)題句中的關(guān)鍵詞。對(duì)比問(wèn)題句和答案相關(guān)句，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題句是一個(gè)句子，而原文采用了2個(gè)句子。比較他們語(yǔ)意上的差異：原文中代詞“This”回指上一句話中的陳述，即指代“關(guān)于植物及其特征的詳細(xì)知識(shí)一定由來(lái)已久”?？梢?jiàn)原文的說(shuō)法與問(wèn)題句的說(shuō)法一致。所以該題是考察代詞this的指代關(guān)系。 　　2. A. 該題可用常識(shí)直接判斷：人類沒(méi)有植物就不能生存這種說(shuō)法應(yīng)該是正確的。而第1段雖然沒(méi)有直接地講到植物對(duì)于人類而言是極為重要的，但提到植物為人類提供了食物、衣服、工具、藥物等等生活必需品，植物是食物金字塔的基礎(chǔ)。所以該題是考察考生的語(yǔ)句的總結(jié)能力。 　　3. B. 利用“亞馬遜叢林中的部落”作為答案線索詞，于是在第一段結(jié)尾部分找到答案相關(guān)句。該句提到現(xiàn)今仍生活在亞馬遜叢林中的部落能識(shí)別成百上千種植物及其特征，但在他們的詞匯中還沒(méi)有“植物學(xué)”這個(gè)詞，甚至有可能不承認(rèn)“植物學(xué)”是專門的知識(shí)。因此在學(xué)校中不可能設(shè)該課。 　　4. B. 利用“工業(yè)化”作為答案線索詞，于是在第二段第一句話發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句，該句說(shuō)工業(yè)化的程度越高，我們與植物的直接接觸就越少。 　　5. B. 利用“botanical knowledge”作為答案線索詞，于是我們?cè)诘诙蔚牡?句找到答案相關(guān)句。但說(shuō)人們無(wú)意識(shí)地獲得了大量植物學(xué)知識(shí)，由此可以推出這些知識(shí)不是從教科書中獲得的。 　　6. A. 利用“10，000”作為答案線索詞(因?yàn)槟甏ǔＪ怯脭?shù)字表示)，于是在第二段發(fā)現(xiàn)有句子提到當(dāng)生活在約一萬(wàn)年前中東地區(qū)的人們發(fā)現(xiàn)從某些禾本植物中可以收獲糧食，并且播種后下一個(gè)收獲季節(jié)還能產(chǎn)出更多的糧食時(shí)，就邁開(kāi)了植物和人類聯(lián)系的第1 大步。 　　7. B. 該題從常識(shí)判斷應(yīng)該是不正確。而在第二段末尾講從約一萬(wàn)年前開(kāi)始從事農(nóng)耕起，人們逐漸地停止采食野果，這是因?yàn)槊妊繒r(shí)期的農(nóng)耕技術(shù)還十分落后，人們還不能從中獲得足夠的食物。 　　概括大意 　　Earthquake 　　Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vest amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake. 　　There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0. 　　The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earths surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earths crust and continental drift. 　　In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake. 　　Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen. 　　練習(xí): 　　1. Paragraph 2_____. 　　2. Paragraph 3_____. 　　3. Paragraph 4_____. 　　4. Paragraph 5_____. 　　A Earthquakes forecast 　　B Historical records of earthquakes 　　C Intensities of earthquakes 　　D Cause of earthquakes 　　E Indications of earthquakes 　　F Damaging earthquakes 　　5. Not all damage during an earthquake is caused ____. 　　6. Not all earthquakes are strong enough ___. 　　7. Scientists have been working hard to warn people ___. 　　8. Earthquakes can be predicted by observing ___. 　　A by the quake itself 　　B not be prevented 　　C to cause damage of property and loss of lives 　　D of a possible earthquake 　　E the unusual behaviors of some animals 　　F the strong behaviors of human beings 　　答案: C D A E A C D E 　　補(bǔ)全短文 　　The French surprised even themselves when they banned tobacco ads three years ago, and created smoke-free zones in public spaces. Even then, ___(1)___ seemed a little too American. Now some French lawmakers are preparing to end the act as reform that simply can’t work in a country __(2)___. 　　Law or no law, smokers and nonsmokers mingle __(3)__, whose owners generally ignore requirements to create separate no-smoking sections. French smokers __(4)___, in hospitals and directly under no -smoking signs. There are stiff fines for violating the smoke-free areas, but they are never imposed. "We have more important things to do", says a Paris which are underwritten by tobacco firms. And fans shouted angrily when French TV blacked out a soccer game from official. 　　The 1992 law’s most controversial provision is the tobacco-ad ban. An exception has been made for motor sports, abroad because of "secondary" tobacco and liquor ads at the local stadium. Still, those __(5)___ credit the ad ban for a 15 percent drop in smoking among French teens in the last three years. 　　練習(xí): 　　A) without apparent friction in Paris caf and restaurants 　　B) light up in train stations 　　C) doing great harm to the smoker’s health 　　D) the attempt to legislate good health 　　E) who are against smoking 　　F) that has always aided life’s petty vices 　　答案:D F A B E 　　完形填空 　　In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are old enough, they take part__1__. 　　Foreigners are often surprised by the permissiveness of American parents. The old rule that "children should be seen and not heard" is rarely__2__, and children are often allowed to do what they wish without strict parental__3__. The father seldom expects his children to obey him__4__ question, and children are encouraged to be independent__5__ an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom__6__ far. Others think that a strong father image would not__7__ the American values of equality and independence. Because Americans emphasize the importance of independence, young people are expected to __8__ their parental families by the time they have__9__ their late teens or early twenties.__10__, not to do so is often regarded as a failure, a kind of weak dependence. 　　This pattern of independence often results in serious__11__ for the aging parents of a small family. The average American is expected to live __12__ the age of 70. The job-retirement age is __13__ 65. The children have left home, married, and __!4__ their own households. At least 20 percent of all people over 65 do not have enough retirement incomes.__15__ the major problem of many elderly couples is not economic. They feel useless and lonely with neither an occupation nor a close family group. 　　1.A) either B) though C) as well D) also 　　2.A) discussed B) followed C) seen D) heard 　　3. A) control B) support C) agreement D) criticism 　　4. A) for B) on C) without D) in 　　5. A) in B) at C) on D) for 　　6. A) too B) almost C) nearly D) quite 　　7. A) fit B) meet C) suit D) satisfy 　　8. A) break up B) break into C) break through D) break away from 　　9.A) reached B) come C) arrived D) D) developed 　　10.A) In truth B) In name C) Indeed D) In a word 　　11.A) questions B) problems C) matters D) affairs 　　12.A) on B) up C) from D) beyond 　　13.A) only B) usually C) sometimes D) seldom 　　14.A) set forth B) set aside C) set up D) set down 　　15.A) But B) Therefore C) In contrast D) On the other hand 　　答案: CBACB ACDAC BDBCA