電大土木工程建筑結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)試題小抄參考

專業(yè)好文檔試卷代號：1 142中央廣播電視大學(xué)2011-2012學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期“開放本科”期末考試建筑結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)試題一、選擇題（每小題3分，共45分） 1下列，( )不屬于科學(xué)研究性試驗(yàn)。 A驗(yàn)證結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算理論的假定 B為制訂設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范提供依據(jù) C為發(fā)展和推廣新結(jié)構(gòu)、新材料與新工藝提供實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn) D服役結(jié)構(gòu)的可靠性鑒定 2( )和控制系統(tǒng)可以完成結(jié)構(gòu)靜荷試驗(yàn)、結(jié)構(gòu)動荷試驗(yàn)、結(jié)構(gòu)低周疲勞和模擬地震試驗(yàn)等等。 A液壓千斤頂 B單向作用液壓加載器 C雙向作用液壓加載器 D電液伺服作動器 3貼電阻片處的應(yīng)變?yōu)?000ye，電阻片的靈敏系數(shù)K-2O，在這個電阻片上應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的電阻變化率應(yīng)是下列哪一個？( ) A0.2% B0.4% C0.1% D0.3% 4下列，( )可測出鋼筋位置。 A超聲法 B鉆芯法 C磁檢測法 D扁頂法 5用量綱分析法進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)模型設(shè)計(jì)時，( )不屬于基本量綱。 A質(zhì)量M B應(yīng)力d C長度L D時間T 6下列鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的承載力極限標(biāo)志中，( )條不正確。 A.跨中最大撓度達(dá)到跨度的1/60 B受拉主筋重心處裂縫寬度達(dá)到1. 5mm C剪力區(qū)，受壓混凝土剪壓破壞或斜壓破壞 D主筋端部相對混凝土滑移達(dá)0. 2mm 7疲勞試驗(yàn)過程中要進(jìn)行四種形式的試驗(yàn)。( )首先調(diào)整最大、最小荷載，待穩(wěn)定后開始記數(shù)，直到需做靜載試驗(yàn)的次數(shù)。在運(yùn)行過程中，需要做動態(tài)撓度與動應(yīng)變測量。 A預(yù)加載 B靜載試驗(yàn) C疲勞試驗(yàn) D破壞試驗(yàn) 8在結(jié)構(gòu)抗震動力試驗(yàn)中，( )加載方法既能較好地模擬地震又易于實(shí)現(xiàn)。 A采用機(jī)械式偏心激振器激振 B采用地震模擬振動臺 C采用炸藥爆炸模擬人工地震 D采用電磁激振器激振 9( )能實(shí)現(xiàn)多點(diǎn)同步加載，在建筑結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)中是理想的加載方法之一，它不但可以對建筑結(jié)構(gòu)物施加靜荷載，也可施加動荷載。 A液壓加載 B重物加載 C機(jī)械式加載 D氣壓加載 10通過( )這種方式可以實(shí)現(xiàn)均布荷載的加載，也可以使用料盤實(shí)現(xiàn)集中荷載的加載。 A液壓加載 B重物加載 C激振器加載 D機(jī)械式加載 11在軸向拉壓狀態(tài)下，( )布置應(yīng)變片的形式和測量橋路的特點(diǎn)是：消除了溫度影響，也消除了偏心荷載的影響，測量靈敏度提高了2(l+v)倍，使用的應(yīng)變片較多。 A外設(shè)補(bǔ)償片的半橋測試方案 B測量應(yīng)變片互相補(bǔ)償?shù)陌霕驕y試方案 C外設(shè)補(bǔ)償片的全橋測試方案 D測量應(yīng)變片互相補(bǔ)償?shù)娜珮驕y試方案 12下列，( )屬于砌體強(qiáng)度的間接測定法。 A回彈法與推出法 B推出法與扁頂法 C扁頂法與原位單磚雙剪法 D原位單磚雙剪法與回彈法 137r定理表述如下：如果一個物理現(xiàn)象可由n個物理量構(gòu)成的物理方程式描述，在n個物理量中有k個獨(dú)立的物理量，則該物理現(xiàn)象也可以用這些量組成的( n-k)個無量綱群的關(guān)系來描述。7c定理是相似的( )。 A必要條件 B充分條件 C判據(jù)存在定理 14用( )得到的頻率和阻尼均比較準(zhǔn)確，但只能測出基本頻率。 A自由振動法 B共振法 C脈動法 15受彎構(gòu)件的疲勞破壞標(biāo)志為受壓區(qū)混凝土疲勞破壞時，這是當(dāng)( )可能發(fā)生。 A配筋率正常或較低時 B配筋率正?；蜻^高時 C配筋率過高或倒T形截面時 D配筋率過低或倒T形截面時二、判斷題（每小題3分共15分。將判斷結(jié)果填入括弧，以表示 正確，以表示錯誤） 1動力試驗(yàn)包括振動試驗(yàn)和疲勞試驗(yàn)。( ) 2被測物理量的單位變化引起測試系統(tǒng)輸出值變化量的大小稱為靈敏度，靈敏度的表示方法是：輸出量與被測物理量之比。( ) 3在動力反復(fù)荷載作用下，結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)度要比靜力低周反復(fù)加載降低10%以上。( ) 4動荷加載的方式有：重物加載、慣性力加載、激振器加載、爆炸加載、液壓加載。( ) 5板、殼一般只承受壓力，承載力標(biāo)志是混凝土被壓壞。( )三、簡答題（共40分） 1結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)按試驗(yàn)的目的、對象、荷載性質(zhì)、試驗(yàn)場所以及試驗(yàn)持續(xù)時間可將結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)分為哪幾類？（7分） 答： 2電阻應(yīng)變測量方法的主要特點(diǎn)如何？（7分） 答：3什么是結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)的加載制度？它包括哪些內(nèi)容？（7分）答：4靜力試驗(yàn)最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)是什么？（7分）答：5試述測量應(yīng)變有哪幾種儀器（方法）?（6分）答：6動力試驗(yàn)包括哪些試驗(yàn)？（6分）答：試卷代號：1 142 中央廣播電視大學(xué)2011-2012學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期“開放本科”期末考試建筑結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)試題答案及評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) （供參考）一、選擇題（每小題3分，共45分） 1D 2D 3A 4C 5B 6A 7C 8B 9A 10B 11D 12A 13C 14A 15C二、判斷題（每小題3分，共15分。將判斷結(jié)果填入括弧，以表示正確，以表示錯誤） 1 2 3 4 5三、簡答題（共40分） 1結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)按試驗(yàn)的目的、對象、荷載性質(zhì)、試驗(yàn)場所以及試驗(yàn)持續(xù)時間可將結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)分為哪幾類？（7分） 答：結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)按試驗(yàn)的目的、對象、荷載性質(zhì)、試驗(yàn)場所以及試驗(yàn)持續(xù)時間可將結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)分為生產(chǎn)檢驗(yàn)性試驗(yàn)和科學(xué)研究性試驗(yàn)；真型試驗(yàn)與模型試驗(yàn)；靜力試驗(yàn)與動力試驗(yàn)；短期荷載試驗(yàn)與長期荷載試驗(yàn)。 2電阻應(yīng)變測量方法的主要特點(diǎn)如何？（7分） 答：電阻應(yīng)變測量方法的主要特點(diǎn)：測量靈敏度高；標(biāo)距?。粶笮?；在復(fù)雜的環(huán)境中也可以完成應(yīng)變測量。 3什么是結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)的加載制度？它包括哪些內(nèi)容？（7分） 答：結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)加載制度是指結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行期間控制荷載與加載時間的關(guān)系。它包括加載速度的快慢、加載時間間歇的長短、分級荷載的大小和加載、卸載循環(huán)的次數(shù)等。 4靜力試驗(yàn)最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)是什么？（7分） 答：靜力試驗(yàn)的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)是所有加載設(shè)備相對簡單，荷載逐級施加，可以停下來仔細(xì)觀測結(jié)構(gòu)變形，給人一明晰的破壞概念。 5試述測量應(yīng)變有哪幾種儀器（方法）?（6分） 答：電阻應(yīng)變計(jì)；手持式應(yīng)變計(jì)；振弦式應(yīng)變計(jì)。 6動力試驗(yàn)包括哪些試驗(yàn)？（6分） 答：動力試驗(yàn)包括振動試驗(yàn)和疲勞試驗(yàn)。Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011."Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the "racist behaviour of their fans" duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA." Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.