語法填空解題技巧

Task 1: Brief Introduction 概況概況 能力要求能力要求 考查方式考查方式 解題方向解題方向 解題步驟解題步驟 語法填空題語法填空題概況概況 在廣東高考英語試題中，取消單項選擇題，在廣東高考英語試題中，取消單項選擇題，改為語法填空題，即在一篇約改為語法填空題，即在一篇約180180多詞、難度多詞、難度適中的短文中有適中的短文中有1010個空格，要求按照句子的個空格，要求按照句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)或括號內(nèi)的具體要求完成詞形變化、語法結(jié)構(gòu)或括號內(nèi)的具體要求完成詞形變化、語法填空等。新題型對學(xué)生掌握語言點提出語法填空等。新題型對學(xué)生掌握語言點提出了新的要求。了新的要求。 語法填空題語法填空題能力要求能力要求 1 1、閱讀、閱讀/ /理解理解語篇語篇的能力的能力; ; 2 2、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力的能力; ; 3 3、熟練、熟練運用語法運用語法的能力。的能力。 語法填空題語法填空題考查方式考查方式 語法填空題的考查方式，主要有兩類：自由填空類和提示語法填空題的考查方式，主要有兩類：自由填空類和提示性填空類，這兩類考查的語言項目有所不同：性填空類，這兩類考查的語言項目有所不同： 自由填空類。自由填空類?？疾榈恼Z言項目主要有：行文邏輯、連詞、考查的語言項目主要有：行文邏輯、連詞、介詞、關(guān)系代詞等。在復(fù)習(xí)這些語法要點的時候，可采取介詞、關(guān)系代詞等。在復(fù)習(xí)這些語法要點的時候，可采取自由填空的練習(xí)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。自由填空的練習(xí)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。 提示性填空類。提示性填空類?？疾榈恼Z言項目主要有：動詞時態(tài)和語考查的語言項目主要有：動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞、情態(tài)動詞、冠詞態(tài)、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞、情態(tài)動詞、冠詞等。等。 語法填空題語法填空題解題方向解題方向 從語法角度去考慮，填的是從語法角度去考慮，填的是語語法詞法詞，包括，包括功能詞功能詞和和詞形變換詞形變換兩個方面。兩個方面。 不限定一個詞。不限定一個詞。 語法填空題語法填空題解題步驟解題步驟 1、瀏覽全文、瀏覽全文 把握語篇把握語篇 2、邊讀邊填、邊讀邊填 先易后難先易后難 3、驗證復(fù)查、驗證復(fù)查 清除難點清除難點 解題技巧 在做題過程中，要時時聯(lián)系上下文，從語在做題過程中，要時時聯(lián)系上下文，從語篇中去判斷空格處應(yīng)填哪個單詞。篇中去判斷空格處應(yīng)填哪個單詞。 1、如果、如果空格后是空格后是名詞名詞（尤其是單數(shù)名（尤其是單數(shù)名詞），就應(yīng)該考慮詞），就應(yīng)該考慮空格處空格處是否需要填是否需要填冠詞冠詞(a, an, the)、物主代詞物主代詞(my, your, his等等)、指示代指示代詞詞(this, that等等)、不定代詞不定代詞(few, little, many, much, all, each, every, both, neither, other等等)、名詞所有格名詞所有格或或形容詞形容詞等進(jìn)行修飾。等進(jìn)行修飾。 解題技巧解題技巧 2、相反，如果、相反，如果空格是在冠詞、物主代詞、空格是在冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或形容詞指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或形容詞之后之后，則應(yīng)考慮，則應(yīng)考慮填名詞填名詞。但不要忘記，要考。但不要忘記，要考慮名詞是否變復(fù)數(shù)，是否有所有格形式等。慮名詞是否變復(fù)數(shù)，是否有所有格形式等。 解題技巧解題技巧 3. 1) 填動詞填動詞。一定要考慮動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，。一定要考慮動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，所以動詞形式的變化也是必不可少的。所以動詞形式的變化也是必不可少的。 如果如果空格前是助動詞空格前是助動詞（will, shall等）、等）、情態(tài)動情態(tài)動詞詞（can, may, must等）或是等）或是動詞加動詞加to的形式的形式，則，則空空格一定是格一定是 。 如果如果空格前是空格前是have的各種形式的各種形式，則想到構(gòu)，則想到構(gòu)成成 。 如果如果空格前是空格前是be的各種形式的各種形式，則想到用，則想到用 。 動詞原形動詞原形 完成時完成時 進(jìn)行時態(tài)或被動語態(tài)進(jìn)行時態(tài)或被動語態(tài) 解題技巧解題技巧 3. 2）考查非謂語動詞，包括）考查非謂語動詞，包括V-ing形式、形式、V-ed形式和動詞不定式。形式和動詞不定式。 如果與中心詞是主動關(guān)系，如果與中心詞是主動關(guān)系， ； 如果與中心詞是被動關(guān)系，如果與中心詞是被動關(guān)系， ； 動詞不定式動詞不定式to do表示將來。表示將來。 一般用一般用V-ing形式形式 一般用一般用V-ed形式形式 解題技巧解題技巧 4. 4. 空格處還有可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，一般空格處還有可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，一般填形容詞形式。填形容詞形式。 形容詞要形容詞要根據(jù)上下文來確定根據(jù)上下文來確定意思，進(jìn)而確意思，進(jìn)而確定用哪個單詞；定用哪個單詞； 有時也可以有時也可以根據(jù)前后介詞的搭配根據(jù)前后介詞的搭配來確定；來確定； 有時括號里會有時括號里會給出這個單詞的其他形式給出這個單詞的其他形式，讓你填出形容詞的形式讓你填出形容詞的形式。 解題技巧解題技巧 5. 5. 缺少介詞。缺少介詞。 介詞可位于介詞可位于名詞之前名詞之前。如。如at night, on Sunday等；等； 也可位于也可位于形容詞之后形容詞之后，如，如be interested in, be good at等；等； 還可位于還可位于不及物動詞之后不及物動詞之后，如如listen to, arrive at, look for等等。 解題技巧解題技巧 6. 6. 從句子結(jié)構(gòu)考慮，如果空格前后都有句子，從句子結(jié)構(gòu)考慮，如果空格前后都有句子，則要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~或則要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~或連詞。連詞。 表示遞進(jìn)：表示遞進(jìn)： because, for since等；等； so, therefore, hence, thus等；等； further, furthermore, moreover, in addition等；等； but, nevertheless, however, yet, while, although, though, actually, practically等。等。 表示轉(zhuǎn)折：表示轉(zhuǎn)折： 表示結(jié)果：表示結(jié)果： 表示原因：表示原因： 解題技巧解題技巧 7 7、當(dāng)句中主、謂、賓成分都不缺少、當(dāng)句中主、謂、賓成分都不缺少時，則應(yīng)考慮是否時，則應(yīng)考慮是否缺少副詞缺少副詞來修飾動詞、來修飾動詞、形容詞或整個句子。形容詞或整個句子。 常見的副詞有：常見的副詞有：always, usually, never, sometimes, not, hard, quite, very, still, almost, already等。等。 解題技巧解題技巧 8 8、從語境考慮，有時需要用、從語境考慮，有時需要用情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞表示特定的語氣或感情。表示特定的語氣或感情。 I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage. I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 37 villagers brought me goats cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 39 the trouble I had caused 40 . Lets have a try: (whole) Clue ? a story ? Style: I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage. broke who as settled a where _ _ _ _ I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 37 villagers brought me goats cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 39 the trouble I had caused 40 . Other merrily for her Grammar items Numbers of items 1. 動詞動詞/非謂語動詞非謂語動詞 2 ( 5.brought 8.traveled.) 2. 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 2 (9. when) 3. prep.(介詞介詞) 2 (6. as 2.from) 4. adj. （ 形容詞）形容詞） 1 (10.longer ) 5. adv. (副詞副詞) 1 (7. mainly) 6. pron.(代詞代詞,名詞）名詞） 1 (3.examples) 7. article ( 冠詞冠詞) 1 (1. the) 真題分析與研究真題分析與研究 Determiner(限定詞限定詞): Articles(冠詞冠詞): Conj.(連詞連詞) Part of speech(詞性詞性), others: v. (-ing, to do, done)非謂語非謂語 n./ v./ adj./ adv./ prefix / suffix Noun clauses, （what, if, whether）Adverbial clause, (when, where, why) Attributive clause (which, who, that, whose)等各種從句等各種從句 some, whole, any, other indefinite articles 不定冠詞不定冠詞(a/ an) definite article 定冠詞定冠詞 (the) Pron.(代詞代詞) I, me, my, mine, myself 轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折,并列并列,遞進(jìn)遞進(jìn) 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 考點考點 Examples Wow, I test you now! 句子成分劃分句子成分劃分 Focus on (聚焦語言點聚焦語言點) Soon after Dave left college, one of his uncles, who was rich and had no children of his own died and left Dave a lot of money, so he decided to set up his own real estate agency. He found a nice office, bought some new furniture and moved in. He had only been there for a few hours when he heard someone coming towards the door of his office. “Its my first customer!” he thought. He quickly picked up the telephone and pretended to be very busy answering an important call from some one in New Work who wanted to buy a big and expensive house in the country. The man knocked at the door while this was going on, came in and waited politely for the agent to finish his conversation. Then he said to him, “Im from the telephone company, and I was sent here to connect your telephone.” (Pron.) 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 (parallel, tense agreement) (Determiner) 限定詞限定詞 (ordinal number) (-ing)(非謂語動詞非謂語動詞) (Conj.) (Voice) (Adv.) (Article) (Prep.) (Phrases) phrases Task 3: Discovery of methods to improve Grammatical Cloze Tests ( by discussing ) 討論討論結(jié)論結(jié)論 (method) 從另一個角度思考如何提高從另一個角度思考如何提高語法填空的能力語法填空的能力 Conclusion (method): 1.vocabularies: 2. sentences: 3. prep. / conj. : 4. by means of “cloze” 5. more excises a. part of speech (n. / v./ adj. / adv.) learn and use b. prefix / suffix analyze structures (long, difficult) Task 4: Exploration Practice (designing) Read your passage. Design ten blanks for your partner to fill in . Exchange your designs and finish it. Hehe, Test your partner now! (拓展練習(xí)拓展練習(xí)) Item 題號及答案 Comment & Assessment Part of speech 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Most Americans dont like to get advice 1 members of their family. They get advice from “ 2 (strange)”. When they need advice, they dont usually go to people they know. 3 ,many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines 4 give advice on any different subjects 5 (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, 6 even on how to buy a house or a car. Most newspapers 7 (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are answers 8 (write) by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, 9 are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special 10 (train) for this kind of work. from strangers Instead that including and regularly written Others training When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets 1 the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first 2 then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from 3 , the streets are very busy. Traffic is most 4 (danger) then. When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, 5 . Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. 6 (have) a look first, or you will go 7 wrong way. In many English cities, there are big buses 8 two floors. Your can sit on the 9 (two) floor, 10 you can see the city very well. Its very interesting. because and work dangerous too Have the with second where The Internet has become part of young peoples life. _1_ report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet . Most of them get _2_ (use) information on the Internet _3_ use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students dont use it _4_ a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites _5_ shouldnt look at. So bad things may happen _6_ students spend too much time on the Internet. _7_ is important for students to use the Internet properly. Now we have a textbook, _8_ uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful advice. Some students also make _9_ on the Internet. But if you want to have a face-to-face _10_ (meet) with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place. A useful and in they if It which friends meeting Homework: Practise more to : discover the rule find the way Success ahead! Thank you ! Thanks a lot!