2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)講義 第12章 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣.doc

2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)講義 第12章 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)說(shuō)話內(nèi)容的特法和態(tài)度。英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣分為:陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。對(duì)于語(yǔ)氣的考查，主耍集中在祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣上，多以單項(xiàng)選擇或完成句子的形式設(shè)題。在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，要牢記祈使語(yǔ)氣的形式，掌握不同從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。內(nèi)容導(dǎo)視知識(shí)點(diǎn)1 語(yǔ)氣的分類知識(shí)點(diǎn)2虛擬語(yǔ)氣知識(shí)詳單知識(shí)點(diǎn)1 語(yǔ)氣的分類分類說(shuō)明例句陳述語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為他說(shuō)的話是事實(shí)They went to visit the Great Wall yesterday.他們昨天去參觀長(zhǎng)城了。祈使語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人提出請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告、警告、號(hào)召等Dont leave todays work for tomorrow.不要把今天的工作放到明天。虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為他所說(shuō)的話是和事實(shí)相反的主觀設(shè)想或主觀愿望If I were you, I would study hard.如果我是你，我就會(huì)好好學(xué)習(xí)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件中的用法情況從句結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)例句 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況if+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)+其他主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形+其他If the weather were fine, they would go for a swim.如果天氣好，他們就去游泳了。(事實(shí)是天氣不好)If we had time now, we should/would read it again.要是現(xiàn)在我們有空，我們就把它再看一遍。(事實(shí)是我們現(xiàn)在沒空)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況If+主語(yǔ)had+過(guò)去分詞+其他主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞+其他If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake.如果我聽了他的忠告，就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。(事實(shí)上當(dāng)初我沒有聽他的忠告)I should not have laughed if I had thought you were serious.如果我想到你是認(rèn)真的，我就不會(huì)笑了。(事實(shí)上是我笑了)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的情況詞峨他動(dòng)姍其if+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去式+其他+注+主語(yǔ)R+動(dòng)詞原形伽if+主語(yǔ)+.6dd+動(dòng)詞原形+其他主講+should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形+其他If she should e, I would ask her for help.萬(wàn)一她來(lái)的話，我就請(qǐng)她幫忙。(事實(shí)上她來(lái)的可能性很小)If I had time tomorrow，I would certainly go for an outgoing with you如果我明天有時(shí)間，我一定會(huì)和你去郊游。If you were to quarrel with him，I should feel very sorry.如果你和他吵架,我會(huì)覺得很遺憾?！局R(shí)拓展】1.混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣:有時(shí)從句和主句分別表示發(fā)生在不同時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，這時(shí)，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)情況分別使用各自的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:If he had followed the doctors advice，he would be quite all right now.他當(dāng)時(shí)若是聽從醫(yī)生的話，現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了。(從句說(shuō)明過(guò)去，主句說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在)If you were to master English，you should have worked hard. 如果你要掌握英語(yǔ)，你本來(lái)應(yīng)該下苦功的。(從句說(shuō)明將來(lái)，主句說(shuō)明過(guò)去)2.在if虛擬條件句中，如果從句中含有should, had或were可以省去if，把should, had或were移到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:Should it happen(=If it should happen)，what would you do?如果真發(fā)生這樣的事，你怎么辦呢?Were I you(= If I were you)，I would go.如果我是你，我就去。Had he recognized me(=If he had recognized me) , he would have e over.如果他認(rèn)出了我，早就走過(guò)來(lái)了?！疽族e(cuò)警示】if only與only if.二的區(qū)別: （1）if only作“只要”講，引出真實(shí)條件句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣;if only作“如果就好了，要是就好了” 講，引出虛擬條件句，用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望或遺憾，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，通常省略主句。例如:If only you work hard，youll learn English well. 只要你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。If only I were you!要是我是你就好了!（2） only if表示“只有在情況下才能，只有在條件下才能”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣;only if從句如果放在主句前，則主句用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如:I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.只有鬧鐘響了，我才會(huì)醒。Only if my teacher helps me can I succeed.只有在老師的幫助下我才能成功。2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句的用法說(shuō)明例句有些動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，即“( should)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:advise建議;mand命令;demand要求，需要;desire希望，渴望，要求;insist堅(jiān)決要求，order命令;propose提議，建議;request請(qǐng)求，需要;require需要，要求;suggest建議;urge力勸，督促Tom ordered that all the people(should)go to the front.湯姆命令所有人上前線。We suggest that the meeting (should) be put off.我們建議推遲會(huì)議。We insisted that he(should) be taken to hospital as soonas possible.我們堅(jiān)決要求盡快把他送到醫(yī)院。動(dòng)詞wish后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)。表示現(xiàn)在情況時(shí)，從句使用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式;將來(lái)情況，從句使用would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”;過(guò)去情況，從句使用“had+過(guò)去分詞”或“would/could+ have+過(guò)去分詞”I wish I were as strong as you.我希望我和你一樣強(qiáng)壯。I wish I could have gone to the movies with you last night.我真希望昨天晚上能和你去看電影。I wish you would go with us tomorrow.我希望你明天能和我一起去。would rather之后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)情況時(shí)，從句使用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式;表示過(guò)去情況，從句使用" had+過(guò)去分詞”。Id rather you came tomorrow.我倒是希望你明天來(lái)。Id rather I hadnt done that.我真希望沒做那事?！疽族e(cuò)替示】1. suggest作“表明、暗示”講時(shí).從句不用皮擬語(yǔ)氣。例如:Mr. Smiths oral English suggests that he is from Canada.史密斯先生的口語(yǔ)表明他來(lái)自加拿大。2. insist作堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為、堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”講時(shí)，后面跟一種事實(shí)或客觀情況.從旬不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如:He insisted that he had seen the film.他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他看過(guò)這個(gè)電影。3.在“I am surprised /sorry+ that從句”和“ I regret + that從句”中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should，其中，should不可省略，意思是“竟然”。表示說(shuō)話人的驚訝、懊悔、失望等情感，需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如:I am surprised that he should have been so rude to you.我很驚訝他竟然對(duì)你這么粗魯。3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法說(shuō)明例句在“It is+ adj/n.+ that從句”中，that從句常常用“( should )+動(dòng)詞原形”It is necessary that those machines(should) be examined.那些機(jī)器檢查一下是必要的?！局R(shí)拓展】常見的形容詞或名詞有:strange陌生的，surprising驚奇的，amazing驚訝的，wrong錯(cuò)的，important重要的，necessary必須的，natural自然的，possible可能的，probable或許，urgent急切的，better更好的，funny，可笑的，eager熱切的，anxious急切的，pity遺憾，shame羞愧的事情，wonder奇跡等在It is+過(guò)去分詞+that從句”中，that從句須用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”It is suggested that Tom(should)take over the work at once.建議湯姆馬上接管這項(xiàng)工作?！局R(shí)拓展】常見的過(guò)去分詞有:insist堅(jiān)持要求;prefer寧愿;urge力勸，督促;intend要求;arrange安排，布置; order命令，mand命令;suggest建議;advise建議;propose建議，提議;remend命令;ask要求;require需要，需求;request請(qǐng)求，需要;demand要求，需求;desire希望，渴望，要求等4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的用法從句說(shuō)明例句表語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為advice(建議)idea(想法，主意), order(命令), mand(命令)，,Proposal(提議，需求)，,request(請(qǐng)求，需要), requirement (要求，需求)， suggestion (建議)等名詞時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，即“( should)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)His requirement was that the floor(should)be kept clean.他的要求是地板保持干凈。His suggestion is that your homework(should) be finished in time every day.他的建議是你的作業(yè)每天及時(shí)完成。同位語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)advice, demand, order, proposal, request，requirement, suggestion等表示“建議，要求，命令”的名詞后接同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)The officer gave the order that all the soldiers(should) get ready at once.軍官命令所有的戰(zhàn)士馬上做好準(zhǔn)備。The advice came from his teacher that he (should) read as many books as possible.建議是來(lái)自他的老師，他應(yīng)該讀盡可能多的書。:5.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句的用法從句說(shuō)明例句方式狀語(yǔ)從句as if/though(好像)引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞使用were )，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句用“had+過(guò)去分詞”。(as if/though引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用法與此相同)They talk very loudly as if nobody were around.他們說(shuō)話聲音很大，好像周圍沒人似的。He speaks as if he had been in England for years.他說(shuō)話就好像他在英國(guó)待了很多年?！疽族e(cuò)普示】as if/though在引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，如果從句所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容可能性很大，則需要使用陳述語(yǔ)氣，即從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。例如:It looks as if it is going to rain.仿佛天要下雨。(可能性大，表示馬上就要下雨)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 if only (是就好了)后接從句時(shí)(從句 往往獨(dú)立使用，省略主句)，從句常使使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)與wish的結(jié)構(gòu)相同If only he had had more courage!他再勇敢一些就好了!If only she didnt drive so fast.但愿她車沒開得那么快。If only Tom would go with me!湯姆要是愿意和我一道去就好了!讓步狀語(yǔ)從句even if/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)和if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)相同Even if he were here，he should not know what to do.即使他在這，他也不知道該怎么辦。Even if it dlid not rain tomorrow，I would not go there.即使明天不下雨，我也不會(huì)去那里的。目的狀語(yǔ)從句for fear that(以免，免得) , in case(以免，以防) lest(以防)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，即“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，其中的should不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should e in.她又把門檢查一遍，以防盜賊進(jìn)人。He started out earlier lest he should be late.他很早出發(fā)以防遲到。6.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法用法說(shuō)明例句虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句在定語(yǔ)從句的句式“It is ( high) time (that) .”中，that之后的從句使用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be使用were)或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，注意其中的should不可省略(第二種結(jié)構(gòu)用得較少)Im getting tired. Its time we wenthome.我累了，我們?cè)摶丶伊?。I think Its time you went to bed.我想你該睡覺了。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于某些表祝愿的句子中結(jié)構(gòu)為“May+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形”May you succeed。祝你成功。May you be happy forever!祝愿你永遠(yuǎn)快樂!用于What if?句式表示“要是怎么辦?”What if I should fail?萬(wàn)一失敗，我怎么辦呢?考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn) 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法1.(安順中考)if I_, a bird, I_ fly in the blue sky.A. was would B. am; will C. will be; will D. were; would【解析】選D “如果我是一只鳥”表達(dá)的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符的說(shuō)法，應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句的系were，主句用would十動(dòng)詞原形。故選D2.(達(dá)州中考)-Swimming in the river for teenagers is very dangerous.-So it is. If I_ them，I _ a shower at home.A. am, would take B. were, will take C. was, would take D. were,would take【解析】選D“如果我是他們”表達(dá)的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符的說(shuō)法，應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句的系動(dòng)詞用were，主句用would+動(dòng)詞原形。故選D