2019年高考英語 語法集訓(xùn)過關(guān) 主謂一致（含解析）.doc

2019年高考英語 語法集訓(xùn)過關(guān) 主謂一致（含解析）. 單項填空1. (xx鄭州模擬)Is it she or yougoing to run for the mayor of our city? A. who isB. that isC. who areD. whom are2. (xx溫州模擬)It is reported that many a new houseat present in the disaster area in Gansu Province. A. was being builtB. were being builtC. is being builtD. are being built3. (xx蘭州模擬)In this pany, it is required that anyone whorecently e herethis kind of test. A. has; hasB. has; haveC. have; haveD. have; has4. (xx池州模擬)Our school has about 100 puters, but only sixty percentused regularly. A. isB. areC. wasD. were5. Neither my wife nor I myselfable to persuade my daughter to change her. A. is; thoughtB. am; mindC. are; decisionD. am; brain6. John as well as the other staff members whoworking in this world-famous panyto attend its 100th anniversary. A. is; isB. is; areC. are; isD. are; are7. (xx溫嶺模擬)Most experts agree that human activities such as the clearing of large areas of forests, and farming on a large scalethe problem of global warming. A. is leading toB. is resulting inC. are contributing toD. are owing to8. Have you heard that Jenny, along with her classmates, to Harbin for the winter vacation? Really? No wonder I havent seen her these days. A. had goneB. have beenC. has goneD. have gone9. Even if the whole worldagainst me, I would do what I consider as right. A. isB. wereC. areD. was10. (xx太原模擬)Going on holiday not onlyyou feel good while youre thereyou reap the health benefits for months, new research shows. A. have madeB. makeC. has madeD. makes11. (xx陜西師大附中模擬)on the grasssinging and laughing. A. Seated; is some studentsB. Seated; are some studentsC. Sitting; is some studentsD. Sitting; some students are12. (xx重慶聯(lián)考)two months enough for the project to be finished? I am afraid not. The professor is ill and only after he recoversgo on with it. A. Is; he canB. Are; he canC. Are; can heD. Is; can he13. Mother said that Mike could eat two of ten oranges and that the restleft for Tom and Betty. A. wereB. wasC. beD. being14. (xx江西八校聯(lián)考)No worker and no engineerwho it is that isfor the explosion of the chemical factory. A. know; to blameB. would know; blamedC. know; to be blamedD. knows; to blame15. (xx浙江模擬)The pany used 50 percent of the raw materials, the rest of whichsent to other cities to help the factories there. A. isB. wasC. areD. were16. Can you get me some of the novels? By all means. All but one of themin our pany. A. publishedB. was publishedC. were publishedD. had been published17. The number of foreigners thatto Huaihuastill increasing. A. e; isB. es; isC. e; areD. es; are18. (xx溫州模擬)The majority of visitorsin favor of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subjectsimply surprising. A. were; wasB. was; wasC. were; wereD. was; were19. (xx重慶模擬)As the result of the hurricane, three-fifths of the cabins in the fishing village. A. need repairingB. needs to repairC. needs repairingD. need to repair20. As the saying goes, “No newsgood news. ”A. areB. isC. hasD. be21. I whoyour English teacher will do my best to help you with your study. A. amB. isC. areD. be22. (xx南通模擬)Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the areainvited. A. wereB. have beenC. has beenD. was23. (xx銀川模擬)The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth asits soil and water of its lakes, rivers and oceans. A. hasB. doC. isD. are24. The youngeaten up almost everything; one and a half bananasleft on the table. A. is; areB. are; isC. has; have beenD. have; has been25. (xx杭州模擬)She told us what she bought yesterdaya few apples and some clothing. A. isB. areC. wasD. were. 完形填空Whenever my kids have a party at school, I am the mom who always signs up to bring the juice boxes. Its not because Im lazy or that I dont care if my kids have a good1. I am just not good at making home-made bread into holiday-themed shapes like other mothers. 2, Im happy to try, even though itll3me a long time to do it. People say that housewives should have the4to make delicious meals, keep their houses5, and treasure every minute of their childs life. Their words used to6me a lot. I felt that I should also be able to do those things as a housewife. So7I couldnt make the turkey-shaped cookies, I8feeling like a failure as a mom. After many9attempts at baking, and many afternoons spent crying over my inabilities as a mom, I finally10the fact that my lot(命運)in life is to be the juice box mom. I worked hard to be the best one in the elementary school. And after one of my daughters class parties, it11. Her teacher stopped me as I was12and said, “Thank you so much for always bringing13drinks. Sometimes parents forget that other children will also14class parties, and they end up being left out because we dont have enough15for everyone. ”I just accepted her appreciation, 16telling her that I brought extra drinks because I could never remember how many kids were in the class. But her17taught me an important lesson: Im not a failure as a mom. Not everyone is cut out to be a(n)18mom. I believe its okay to be the juice box mom. I may not bake cookies and decorate them beautifully, but I19something to drink. And I think thats just as20. 1. A. classroomB. partyC. classD. experiment2. A. HoweverB. ThereforeC. OtherwiseD. Besides3. A. costB. giveC. introduceD. take4. A. dreamB. abilityC. experienceD. tool5. A. clearB. dirtyC. cleanD. messy6. A. reflectB. puzzleC. upsetD. amuse7. A. unlessB. even ifC. thoughD. when8. A. ended upB. went onC. insisted onD. set about9. A. failedB. carelessC. successfulD. useful10. A. explainedB. receivedC. acceptedD. expressed11. A. stood outB. got outC. came backD. paid off12. A. arrivingB. leavingC. cryingD. running13. A. coldB. softC. extraD. fresh14. A. attendB. holdC. enjoyD. leave15. A. cookiesB. drinksC. booksD. cups16. A. in case ofB. in terms ofC. or ratherD. rather than17. A. contributionB. appreciationC. congratulationD. prehension18. A. healthyB. cleverC. ableD. rich19. A. provideB. makeC. buyD. retell20. A. believableB. ridiculousC. interestingD. important【語篇隨練】多練一點技高一籌根據(jù)完形填空回答下面的問題1. What once made the author feel like a failure as a mom? (No more than 8 words) 2. What later made the author feel like a success as a mom? (No more than 5 words) 3. Explain the sentence“. . . they end up being left out”(Para. 3). 答案解析. 1. 【解析】選C?？疾橹髦^一致和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意: 是她還是你要競選我們市的市長? 強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)It is/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容+that/who+剩余的部分。連詞or連接并列主語時, 謂語要根據(jù)就近原則。本句中謂語要根據(jù)you來判斷, 用are, 連接強(qiáng)調(diào)句的剩余部分用who或that均可, 故選C?！就卣寡由臁坑蒾r, nor, either. . . or, neither. . . nor, not only. . . but also, not. . . but等連接的并列成分作主語時謂語動詞通常與最靠近的主語保持一致(即就近原則)。在肯定句中與后面的主語保持一致, 但要注意其疑問句形式, 這時要與前面的主語保持一致。Were you or he there? 當(dāng)時是你還是他在那兒? Are either you or he to blame? 應(yīng)該怪你還是怪他? 2. 【解析】選C。考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。A、B為過去進(jìn)行時; C、D為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時, many a后跟單數(shù)名詞, 作主語時, 謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式, 再根據(jù)at present可知說的是現(xiàn)在的情況。所以C正確?！菊`區(qū)警示】many a的意思是“許多”, more than one的意思是“不止一個”, 從意義上看, 它們表示復(fù)數(shù), 但用作主語時, 謂語卻習(xí)慣上用單數(shù)。比較: Many a boy likes swimming. = Many boys like swimming. 許多男孩子喜歡游泳。More than one student has read the book. =More students than one have read the book. 不止一個學(xué)生讀過這本書。3. 【解析】選B?？疾橹髦^一致和虛擬語氣。句意: 在這家公司, 任何最近來這兒的人都被要求進(jìn)行這種測試。第一空用has是第三人稱的完成時, who代替anyone在定語從句中作主語, anyone復(fù)合不定代詞作主語, 謂語用單數(shù); 第二空容易誤選成has, 用原形have是因為require, request, order等表“要求, 命令”的動詞后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣, have前省略了should。【拓展延伸】someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, nothing等復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時, 謂語用單數(shù); either, neither, each, little, much等不定代詞作主語時, 謂語也用單數(shù)。4.【解析】選B。考查主謂一致和動詞時態(tài)。句意: 我們學(xué)校有大約100臺電腦, 但是僅僅有60%被經(jīng)常使用。這里sixty percent后面省略了of 100 puters, 謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)介詞of后面的名詞來確定, 這里名詞puters是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù), 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù), 根據(jù)前面的動詞has可知這里也應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時, 故選B。5. 【解析】選B?？疾橹髦^一致和固定搭配。句意: 我和妻子都不能說服女兒改變她的想法。neither. . . nor. . . 既不也不, 連接主語的時候, 后面的謂語動詞遵循就近一致的原則。本題與靠近的I保持一致, 故第一空使用am; 第二空是固定搭配change ones mind改變某人的主意; 根據(jù)句意B正確。6. 【解析】選C?？疾橹髦^一致。句意: 約翰和這家世界著名公司的其他員工要去參加它的100周年紀(jì)念。第一空是who引導(dǎo)的定語從句, 先行詞是the other staff members, who在從句中作主語, 從句的謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)與先行詞一致, 故用are; 第二空是謂語動詞, 與主語John保持一致, 而不是the other staff members, 用is, 故選C。7.【解析】選C。考查主謂一致和動詞短語辨析。human activities是賓語從句的主語, 所以選C或D; 按句子意思應(yīng)選詞義為“導(dǎo)致”的contribute to, 而owing to表示“由于”, 故C正確。8. 【解析】選C。考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。句意: 你聽說Jenny和她的同學(xué)們?nèi)ス枮I過寒假了嗎? 真的嗎? 難怪我最近沒看見她?？芍狫enny和她的同學(xué)們是已經(jīng)去了哈爾濱, 用have/has gone, have/has been是曾去過, 不符合句意; 主語由along with連接的時候, 謂語和前面的主語一致, 即Jenny, 謂語用單數(shù)。故選C?！就卣寡由臁慨?dāng)用作主語的成分后面跟有由but, except, besides, including, like, with, as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, in addition to, bined with, rather than, together with等引出的短語時, 謂語動詞習(xí)慣上要與這些結(jié)構(gòu)前面的主語保持一致(即與比較遠(yuǎn)的那個主語保持一致, 簡稱“就遠(yuǎn)原則”)。例如: Everybody except you looks down on me. 除了你, 大家都看不起我。John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. 約翰, 而不是他的室友, 應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。9. 【解析】選B?？疾橹髦^一致和虛擬語氣。句意: 即使全世界的人都反對我, 我還是要做我認(rèn)為正確的事情。本句中的the whole world是一個集體名詞, 表示“全世界的人”, 故使用復(fù)數(shù)形式; 而且本句是虛擬語氣, 是與現(xiàn)在事實相反, 故使用were。10. 【解析】選D?？疾橹髦^一致和時態(tài)。句意: 新的研究表明, 度假不僅使你在那里時感覺良好, 而且能使你的健康受益數(shù)月?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響, 這里顯然不符合語境, 故排除A、C; going on holiday是動名詞短語作主語, 謂語動詞用單數(shù), 故排除B; 根據(jù)句意說的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn), 是一個客觀事實, 故用一般現(xiàn)在時, 選D。11. 【解析】選B。考查主謂一致和倒裝。句意: 坐在草地上, 這些學(xué)生又唱又笑。這是一個倒裝句, 主語是some students, 所以謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù), 正常的語序是Some students are seated on the grass singing and laughing. 。故選B?！炯庸逃?xùn)練】At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River, one of the ten largest cities in China. A. lies ChongqingB. Chongqing liesC. lie ChongqingD. Chongqing lie【解析】選A。表示方位的介詞短語at the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River位于句首, 主語是名詞, 故此處應(yīng)該用全部倒裝。12. 【解析】選D?？疾橹髦^一致及部分倒裝。句意: 兩個月的時間足夠完成計劃嗎? 恐怕不能, 教授病了, 只有在他康復(fù)之后他才能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。two months是表示時間的名詞, 作主語時看作一個整體, 謂語動詞要用單數(shù); 在and后的分句中“only+狀語”放在句首應(yīng)該用部分倒裝, 故選D。【拓展延伸】表示時間、距離、度量、重量、金額等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語, 被看作整體時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。但若與pass, go by等連用, 指時間的流逝, 或者與spend, waste, pay等連用, 指時間或金錢的花費或支付等, 謂語動詞可以用復(fù)數(shù)。比較: Twenty years is a long time. 20年是一段很長的時間。(謂語用單數(shù), 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體)Twenty years have passed since they got married. 他們結(jié)婚已有20年了。(謂語用復(fù)數(shù), 給人一種一年一年來算的感覺)Ten dollars is too much for this old coin. 這個古幣不值10美元這么高的價格。(謂語用單數(shù), 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體)Three dollars were paid for the old coin. 那個古幣花了3美元。(謂語用復(fù)數(shù), 重點放在實際支付的金額數(shù)上)13. 【解析】選A?？疾橹髦^一致。the rest作主語時, 要看它所替代名詞的數(shù), 當(dāng)所替代的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式; 而此處指十個橘子中除兩個以外所剩余的部分, 為復(fù)數(shù), 故選A?！炯庸逃?xùn)練】Mother said that Mike could eat a third of the watermelon and that the restleft for Tom and Betty. A. wereB. wasC. beD. being【解析】選B?？疾橹髦^一致。the rest作主語時, 要看它所替代名詞的數(shù), 當(dāng)所替代的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式, the watermelon為單數(shù), 故選B。14. 【解析】選D?？疾橹髦^一致和固定結(jié)構(gòu)。句意: 沒有工人和工程師知道, 到底誰應(yīng)該為化工廠的爆炸負(fù)責(zé)。each, every, no所修飾的名詞即使以and或是逗號連接成多個并列主語, 謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。No worker and no engineer雖然由and連接, 但是謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式; 固定結(jié)構(gòu)sb. be to blame for sth. 某人因某事而應(yīng)被責(zé)備, 主動形式表被動意思, 故選D。15. 【解析】選D?？疾橹髦^一致。本題定語從句的先行詞是the raw materials, which代替先行詞raw materials作of的賓語, 當(dāng)the rest作主語的時候, 謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要看后面的名詞, 如果后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞, 謂語動詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式; 再根據(jù)used可知本句是一般過去時。故選D。16. 【解析】選C。考查主謂一致和語態(tài)。句意: 你能給我買到一些這樣的小說嗎? 我一定辦到。除了一本以外, 所有的都是我們公司出版的。句中主語是All, but one of them這個介詞短語被提前, 不提前是All were published in our pany but one of them, 小說是被出版, 所以用被動形式。故選C。【拓展延伸】all作主語時, 若指人, 謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù); 若指事物或現(xiàn)象, 謂語通常用單數(shù)。比較: All is silent. 萬籟俱寂。(指現(xiàn)象)All are silent. 人人都沉默不語。(指具體的人)【注意】若是“all of+名詞”作主語, 則謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與其中名詞的數(shù)保持一致。17. 【解析】選A?？疾橹髦^一致。that引導(dǎo)一個定語從句, 先行詞為foreigners, 故從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 而主句的主語是The number of foreigners, “the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時, 謂語用單數(shù)。故選A?！炯庸逃?xùn)練】(xx景德鎮(zhèn)模擬)The number of people applying for the jobone hundred, but a number of themnot accepted for various reasons. A. were; wasB. was; wasC. was; wereD. were; were【解析】選C。考查主謂一致。句意: 申請這個工作的人的數(shù)量是100人, 但是很多人因為各種原因沒有被接受。第一空的主語是The number of people“人的數(shù)量”, 謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù), 第二空的主語是a number of them“許多人”, 謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù), 故選C。18. 【解析】選A?？疾橹髦^一致。句意: 游客中的大多數(shù)都支持他的結(jié)論, 就是關(guān)于這個話題的書的數(shù)量真是令人驚訝。本題第一空“the majority of+名詞”指“中的大多數(shù)”, 該結(jié)構(gòu)作主語的時候, 后面的謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)要看名詞的單復(fù)數(shù), 如果是一個可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式, 謂語動詞要使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果是一個不可數(shù)名詞或者可數(shù)名詞單數(shù), 謂語動詞要使用單數(shù)形式。第二空的主語是the number of指“的數(shù)量”, 作主語的時候, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故A正確。19. 【解析】選A?？疾橹髦^一致和固定表達(dá)。句意: 因為颶風(fēng), 這個漁村的五分之三的房屋都需要修理。主語被百分比修飾的時候, 謂語和所修飾的名詞一致, 此處要和cabins一致, 謂語用復(fù)數(shù), 排除B、C, 固定表達(dá)need doing和need to be done都是“需要被”, need doing用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義, 故選A。20. 【解析】選B。句意: 正如諺語所說, “沒有消息, 就是好消息。”因news為不可數(shù)名詞, 表示單數(shù)意義, 所以答案為B。21. 【解析】選A。句意: 我, 作為你們的英語老師, 會盡力在學(xué)習(xí)上幫助你們。定語從句的謂語動詞與先行詞保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。先行詞是I, 因此定語從句的謂語動詞用am。故選A。22. 【解析】選D。句意: 你昨晚去看展出了嗎? 是的, 這個地區(qū)的所有男孩、女孩都受到了邀請。根據(jù)時間狀語last night可以排除B、C兩項。every/each/no+名詞+and every/each/no +名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)?！炯庸逃?xùn)練】(xx臨沂模擬)Our teacher of English and class teacherus something about volunteer workers. A. are tellingB. is tellingC. are givenD. were given【解析】選B。句意: 我們的英語老師, 也是班主任, 正在給我們講志愿工作者的事。本句主語指的是同一個人, 即英語老師兼班主任, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故選B。23. 【解析】選D。句意: 大氣就像土壤及湖泊、河流、海洋里的水一樣, 都是地球的一部分。此處soil and water并列作主語, 故用謂語動詞are。24. 【解析】選D。句意: 年輕人幾乎把一切東西都吃完了, 桌上只剩下一根半香蕉?！皌he +young”指一類人(年輕人)時, 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù); “一根半香蕉”后謂語動詞用單數(shù), 故選D。25.【解析】選D?？疾橹髦^一致和時態(tài)。一般情況下主語從句后面的謂語是單數(shù), 但當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的主語從句作主語時, 若表語為復(fù)數(shù), 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。主句謂語動詞是過去時, 從句中的動詞一般也要用過去時態(tài), 故選D?！就卣寡由臁慨?dāng)從句用作主語時, 主句的謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。但若用作主語的是what引導(dǎo)的從句, 且其后為系表結(jié)構(gòu), 此時需注意以下兩點: 若表語為復(fù)數(shù), 主句謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如: What I want are details. 我要的是細(xì)節(jié)。若what從句中的what表復(fù)數(shù)意義, 則主句謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如: His muscles were wasting away, and what were left were flabby. 他的肌肉正在變得瘦弱, 所剩下的就是松弛的皮肉。. 【文章大意】作者雖然不會做形狀好看且美味的甜點, 但是她總是給女兒的班會帶去很多飲料, 這也是很好的。1. 【解析】選B。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)第一句中的Whenever my kids have a party at school可知此處選B。2. 【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。此處前后之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系, 所以選A。3.【解析】選D。固定搭配題。it takes sb. some time to do sth. 表示“做某事花費某人多長時間”。4.【解析】選B。邏輯推理題和固定搭配題。此處指人們說家庭主婦應(yīng)該有做美味的飯菜的能力。have the ability to do sth. 有做某事的能力。5.【解析】選C。詞語辨析題。此處指使房子干凈。clear清楚的, 清澈的; dirty臟的; clean干凈的; messy亂的。6.【解析】選C。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)下文中的feeling like a failure as a mom可知作者好像沒有人們說的家庭主婦應(yīng)具備的能力, 所以這些話使她不安(upset)。7.【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。句意: 因此當(dāng)我不能制作火雞形狀的甜點時, 我感到作為母親我是一個失敗者。8. 【解析】選A。習(xí)語搭配題。end up doing sth. 最后做某事; go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事; insist on doing sth. 堅持做某事; set about doing sth. 開始做某事。此處指作者最后感覺作為母親她是一個失敗者。9. 【解析】選A。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)上一段最后一句中的couldnt make. . . 和a failure as a mom以及本句中的crying over my inabilities as a mom可知選A。10. 【解析】選C。邏輯推理題和詞語辨析題。此處指作者最終接受了這個事實。explain解釋; receive收到; accept接受; express表達(dá)。11. 【解析】選D。邏輯推理題和習(xí)語搭配題。上一句提到作者努力想在小學(xué)里做到最好, 然后根據(jù)老師對作者的表揚可知, 此處指作者的努力得到了回報。stand out突出; get out出來, 下車; e back回來; pay off(指努力、辛苦等)得到回報。12.【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。上一句提到after one of my daughters class parties, 可知此處指在女兒的班會后, 我正要離開(leaving)。13.【解析】選C。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)下一段的telling her that I brought extra drinks可知。14.【解析】選A。背景常識題。作者的女兒參加班會, 其他學(xué)生也參加班會。attend參加。15.【解析】選B。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)下一段的telling her that I brought extra drinks以及上文多次出現(xiàn)的juice可知。16.【解析】選D。邏輯推理題和詞語辨析題。句意: 我就接受了她的感激, 但沒有告訴她我?guī)Ц嗟娘嬃鲜且驗槲也挥浀冒嗬镉卸嗌賹W(xué)生。in case of以防萬一; in terms of依據(jù), 就而言; or rather確切地說; rather than而不是。17. 【解析】選B。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)這一段第一句中的I just accepted her appreciation可知。18. 【解析】選C。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)上下文可知, 此處指不是每個人都能成為有能力的(able)母親。19.【解析】選A。邏輯推理題。根據(jù)上文中的bring the juice boxes可知, 此處指提供(provide)一些喝的東西。20. 【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。此處指作者認(rèn)為提供飲料和烘烤甜點一樣重要(important)。【語篇隨練】1. Not having the ability to make beautiful cookies. 2. A teachers appreciation to her. 3. . . finally they are ignored.