2019中考英語二輪復(fù)習 語法突破十一 動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)考點剖析（講義五四制）.doc

五四語法十一 動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)語法考點剖析中考需要掌握的時態(tài)和語態(tài)分別是：一般現(xiàn)在時及其被動語態(tài)、一般過去時及其被動語態(tài)、一般將來時及其被動語態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)?？键c一 動詞的時態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時。表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作，常與often, usually, always等時間狀語連用，表示客觀真理。She often works at the weekend.她經(jīng)常在周末工作。There are four seasons in a year.一年有四季。2一般過去時。表示過去發(fā)生的動作；be動詞的一般過去時為was, were，實義動詞的一般過去時為動詞的過去式。常與just now, yesterday, last week, ago等表示過去時間的狀語連用。Who did you see at the meeting yesterday？昨天的會議上你看見了誰？3一般將來時。由“shall/will動詞原形”構(gòu)成，shall用于第一人稱，will用于各種人稱；此外還有“be going to動詞原形”的形式。常與tomorrow, next week等表示將來的時間狀語連用。I am going to stay for a week.我打算待一個星期。Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.看那烏云，要下雨了。be going to do表示將來是指事先經(jīng)過考慮的打算或有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事。4現(xiàn)在進行時。由“am/is/are現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情或近期一直在做的事情。句中常有now, look, listen等標志詞。Look! A bird is flying in the sky.看！一只鳥在天上飛。She is teaching at a night school now.現(xiàn)在她在一所夜校教學(xué)。5過去進行時。由“was/were現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示過去某一時間正在發(fā)生的事情或過去某段時間一直在做的事情。常與this time yesterday, “when過去動作”等時間狀語連用。She was watching TV at this time yesterday.昨天這個時候她正在看電視。They were waiting for you last night.昨晚他們一直在等你。6現(xiàn)在完成時。由“have/has過去分詞”構(gòu)成，表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或過去的動作對現(xiàn)在有影響。標志詞有since, for, already, yet, so far等。I have lived in London since 10 years ago.自從10年前我就一直在倫敦居住。 They have lost the match.他們已經(jīng)輸了比賽。當句中有“How long.？/since./for.”等時間狀語時，句中動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞。非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換如下：buyhaveborrowkeepleavebe awaydiebe dead becomebe come tobe inbeginbe on stopbe overopen/closebe open/closedleave地點be away from地點joinbe in/a member of單項選擇1(xx山東萊蕪中考)Could you help me clean the floor, Bob?Wait a moment. I for some information about the World Cup.Asearch B have searchedCam searching D was searching2(xx上海中考)Michael in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year.Ateach BtaughtCwill teach Dwas teaching3(xx湖北黃岡中考)Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?In April. I it for two months.Ahave had BhadChave bought Dbought考點二 被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。1主動變被動結(jié)構(gòu)圖：及物動詞有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞必須帶有介詞才可以有被動語態(tài)。2各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：語態(tài)構(gòu)成例句一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)am/is/are過去分詞This machine is made in China.這臺機器是中國制造的。一般過去時的被動語態(tài)were/was過去分詞Jim was told to come early.吉姆被告知要早到。 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)will/shallbe過去分詞The bridge will be finished in a month.這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€月后竣工。現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)am/is/are being過去分詞The flowers are being watered by the workers.工人們正在澆花?，F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)have/has been過去分詞My car has been repaired for a week.我的車修了有一個星期了。過去進行時的被動語態(tài)was/were being過去分詞The trees were being cut down yesterday afternoon.昨天下午人們正在砍樹。過去完成時的被動語態(tài)had been過去分詞By the time we got there, the fire had been put out.我們到時，火已經(jīng)被撲滅了。過去將來時的被動語態(tài)should/would be過去分詞They said the work would be finished on time.他們說將會按時完成工作。情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)can/may/must/should等be過去分詞Your homework should be done on time.你應(yīng)該按時完成作業(yè)。單項選擇1(xx山東萊蕪中考)Laiwu has developed a lot in the last few years.Yes. And the highspeed rail in 2020.Acompletes Bis completedCwill be completed Dwill complete2(xx吉林長春中考)We Chinese by the touching documentary Amazing China.Aencourage BencouragesCare encouraged Dare encouraging參考答案考點一13 CCA考點二12 CC