2019中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 名詞、冠詞易錯(cuò)題練習(xí).doc

2019中考英語(yǔ)：名詞、冠詞易錯(cuò)題練習(xí) 一、典型易錯(cuò)名詞考題分析1. _ fathers made them have piano lessons. A. Peter and AnnsB. Peters and Anns C. Peters and AnnD. Peter and Ann【解析】此題容易誤選A或C。錯(cuò)誤的原因是由于受思維定勢(shì)的影響。平時(shí)考生們做多了“This is Lucy and Lilys bedroom. ”這樣的題，那么一看到這樣的題就想到只是在后面一個(gè)單詞后面用所有格。其實(shí)，到底用一個(gè)所有格，還是用兩個(gè)所有格，取決于它們所修飾的名詞：如果所修飾的名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，就只在后面一個(gè)名詞后面用所有格；如果所修飾的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，就兩個(gè)名詞都用所有格。正確答案為B。2. There are a lot _ people today than yesterday. A. ofB. /C. mostD. more【解析】此題容易誤選A。有不少考生因受“ a lot of +名詞”這一思維定勢(shì)的影響，一看到a lot，就選擇了A。其實(shí)，該句中的a lot是用來(lái)修飾形容詞的比較級(jí)more的，than引導(dǎo)的是比較狀語(yǔ)從句。正確答案為D。3. “Excuse me, are you _? ” “No, we are _. ” A. American, EnglishmanB. American, Germans C. American, Germen D. Englishman, Americans【解析】先從詞性來(lái)看，American 和 German 既可以用作名詞也可以用作形容詞，用作名詞時(shí)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式分別為Americans 和 Germans；選項(xiàng)中的Englishman只能用作名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是Englishmen。先看第一空：如果單從Excuse me, are you _?來(lái)看，要是填Englishman，就應(yīng)該在其前加不定冠詞，即說(shuō)成Excuse me, are you an Englishman? 但是，根據(jù)答語(yǔ)中的 we are可知，問(wèn)句中的you 其實(shí)是指“你”，而是指“你們”，所以如果用Englishman，就應(yīng)換成 Englishmen 才對(duì)。由此可排除選項(xiàng)D。再看第二空：由于German的復(fù)數(shù)是Germans，不是Germen，由此可確定C錯(cuò)誤；再根據(jù)we are可知，其后若用名詞Englishman，必須要用復(fù)數(shù)Englishmen，而不能是單數(shù)，所以排除A。所以此題答案為B。4. My class teacher has given me lots of _. Theyre very useful.A. information B. advice C. suggestions D. news【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)?！拔业陌嘀魅谓o了我很多有用的建議?！贝祟}易誤選B. advice 勸告，忠告，建議。語(yǔ)義上貌似說(shuō)得通，但是后面有Theyre ，主謂為復(fù)數(shù)概念，排除。正確答案為C. suggestions建議。另外 information 信息，news 消息，新聞均為不可數(shù)名詞。5. _ damage was done by the flood.A. A great deal B. A large number of C. A large amount of D. A plenty of 【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)?！昂樗斐闪撕艽蟮奈：Α！贝祟}容易誤選。首先抓住damage這個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，它作名詞時(shí)不可數(shù)，“損害，破壞”。A. A great deal 少了一個(gè)介詞of, 不完整。 B. A large number of ，許多的，大量的，相當(dāng)于many和a number of ，直接修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。C. A large amount of 許多的，大量的，相當(dāng)于much和an amount of ，只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。D. A plenty of 不存在，正確形式為plenty of 充足的，大量的，相當(dāng)于 a lot of 和lots of ，比較廣泛，修飾所有名詞。正確答案為C。7. Larry is dreaming of being an _ like Tom Cruise. (act)【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化?！袄锵氤蔀橄馮om Cruise一樣的一名演員?！贝祟}易出現(xiàn)誤寫 actress, 誤把Larry當(dāng)成女性。后面有 like Tom Cruise 這樣的提示性信息，可以判斷出為男演員。 acter 拼寫錯(cuò)誤，單詞不過(guò)關(guān)。注意一組詞：waiter/ waitress actor/actress。這類題比較簡(jiǎn)單但也容易出錯(cuò)，要關(guān)注句子的主語(yǔ)是男是女，還要做到單詞的準(zhǔn)確拼寫。8. A careless driver and the terrible weather were responsible for these peoples_. ( die)【解析】考查動(dòng)詞和名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化?！奥楸源笠獾乃緳C(jī)和糟糕的天氣應(yīng)該為這些人的死亡負(fù)責(zé)?！贝祟}容易誤寫成deathes 或death. 首先這里判斷要填入名詞，death , n .死亡，其次它是可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)為deaths。而變復(fù)數(shù)加es的是以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾系列的，如bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, match-matches, month-months(特殊）等。正確答案為：deaths。9. It is reported that three bank have happened lately in the city. (roB.【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。“據(jù)報(bào)道，最近這座城市發(fā)生了3起銀行搶劫案?！闭_答案為robberies. 有同學(xué)犯單線思維的錯(cuò)誤，會(huì)直接想到s而填robber入。Robber，n.搶劫犯，指人，不符合這里的語(yǔ)境。所以要指出的是，對(duì)于一個(gè)詞有多重變化時(shí)，一定要考慮它所缺的詞性和詞義，只有兩者結(jié)合才能準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。正確答案：robberies。比較例句：Finally, the policemen succeeded in catching the robbers.10. The _of Jin Mao Building is 340 meters. (high)【解析】考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化我名詞。此題易誤寫成highest, 因?yàn)橛型瑢W(xué)看到前面的the就想到是否是填形容詞的最高級(jí)。而這里句子的意思是“金茂大廈的高度”，所以正確答案是height，n.高度。10. Which is the way to the _? A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoes factory D. shoes factory【解析】考查名詞作定語(yǔ)。此題有多種誤解。在初中階段，做定語(yǔ)的一般都是形容詞或介詞短語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句，但這里是用名詞作定語(yǔ)表示某事物的功能，用途及性質(zhì)。正確答案為A。類似的形式還有：coffee cup, apple tree 等等。11. The government is trying hard to find a(n) to the traffic problem in big cities.A. operation B. solution C. pollution D. occupation【解析】考查名詞的詞義辨析?！罢谂ふ医鉀Q大城市交通問(wèn)題的方案?！卑凑照Z(yǔ)義正確答案是B。operation，名詞，手術(shù)，操作，操練。Solution 名詞，解決問(wèn)題的辦法，方案，途徑等。常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)為the solution to the problem. solve the problem 。Pollution 名詞，污染。air/ water/ noise pollution。Occupation 名詞，職業(yè)。做好這類題需要牢記中考考綱詞匯的含義。12.Nowadays people can get _on everything by surfing the internetA.importance B. knowledge C. news D. idea【解析】考查名詞的詞義辨析?！艾F(xiàn)在人們通過(guò)上網(wǎng)可以得到所有事物的訊息（知識(shí)）?！贝祟}易誤選C。 News消息，新聞，它更側(cè)重指電視，廣播對(duì)外發(fā)布的消息。importance 名詞，重要性。Idea，主意，觀點(diǎn)。正確答案是B，這里相當(dāng)于information, 信息。A. You must judge a person by his not by what he says. (act)【解析】這里考查動(dòng)詞和名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換?！澳阍u(píng)判一個(gè)人必須通過(guò)他的行為而不是他所說(shuō)的話。"正確答案為action，名詞，行為，動(dòng)作。Action film 動(dòng)作片。Actions Speak Louder than Words。【諺】事實(shí)勝于雄辯。填入actor 或active，activity等答案的同學(xué)可能根本沒(méi)有弄清楚這里的句意或詞性。B. We attended a lecture given by a great _yesterday afternoon. (invent)【解析】這里考查動(dòng)詞和名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。此題易誤寫成invention，名詞，發(fā)明物，不符合這里的語(yǔ)義，低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤。“昨天下午我們參加了一個(gè)由一位偉大發(fā)明家所作的講座。”正確答案為inventor,名詞，發(fā)明家。15.In exams, the more careful you are, the _mistakes youll makeA. moreB. lessC. fewerD. few【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。此題易錯(cuò)選成B?！霸诳荚囍心阍阶屑?xì)，你犯的錯(cuò)誤就會(huì)越少?！标P(guān)鍵詞mistakes，名詞，錯(cuò)誤，為可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以這里不能用與little相關(guān)的，B為little的比較級(jí)，排除。A選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義不符。又因?yàn)榫湫汀皌he + 比較級(jí)。The+ 比較級(jí)?！北硎尽霸?。就越。”，排除D，正確答案為C。二、典型冠詞易錯(cuò)題分析1. A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _ second. A. /B. theC. aD. an【解析】此題容易誤選B。這是由于思維定勢(shì)引起的，很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為這里的second是序數(shù)詞，前面應(yīng)該用定冠詞the修飾。其實(shí)，second是“秒”的意思。正確答案為C。2. _ India and China are of _ same continent. A. /; theB. The ; theC. /; /D. /; a【解析】此題容易誤選D。這是由于受漢語(yǔ)思維的影響造成的，因?yàn)樽g成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)這句話的意思是“印度和中國(guó)在同一個(gè)大洲”，漢語(yǔ)里說(shuō)“同一個(gè)”，在英語(yǔ)中要說(shuō)“the same”，這就是此題的陷阱所在。正確答案為A。3，Students usually have _ one-day trip in the suburbs in spring. A) aB. anC. theD. /【解析】此題容易誤選B。由于受固定思維的影響，o為元音字母，很多同學(xué)會(huì)選B。英語(yǔ)里可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前冠詞的選擇是由其后第一個(gè)單詞的音素決定的，one /w/,輔音音素，因此正確答案為A。補(bǔ)充：1）元音字母，以輔音音素開(kāi)頭 have a one-day trip。2）輔音字母，以元音音素開(kāi)頭 如：F, H, L ,M ,N ,S, X, R （8個(gè)字母）如 MBA, MP3, 等。4.Mr. Black and his wife usually go to _ church on Sunday morning. A. aB. anC. /D. the【解析】考查冠詞在詞組短語(yǔ)里的用法。此題容易誤選D?！霸谥苋赵缟?，布萊克夫婦通常去教堂做禮拜。”go to church 去教堂做禮拜（不加定冠詞the，表示人所從事的某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)）；go to the church 去教堂里（加定冠詞the，僅僅指在這個(gè)場(chǎng)所地方）而根據(jù)文化背景知識(shí)，西方人周末時(shí)去做禮拜是固有的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣或禮儀。因此正確答案為C。具有同樣用法的短語(yǔ)有：1）go to hospital 去醫(yī)院看病；go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院里。Go to school去上學(xué) ; Go to the school 去學(xué)校里。be at table 在餐桌旁吃飯；be at the table 在桌子旁。5.Learning a countrys language is a better way of knowing _ culture behind it. A. aB. anC. theD. /【解析】考查冠詞的用法。此題容易誤選D?！皩W(xué)習(xí)一門國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言是更好地了解其背后文化的一種方法?！边xD的同學(xué)可能認(rèn)為這里culture 文化，為一抽象名詞，前面是不加冠詞的。但是這里特指“該語(yǔ)言背后的文化”，屬于特指的范疇，所以正確答案為C。6.Eddie and his family won _ MP4 in the Super Families TV Show last week. A. a B. an C. theD. /【解析】此題容易誤選A。這里M雖然為輔音字母，但發(fā)元音因素/em/，所以要選不定冠詞an。如：There is an “m” and a “p” in the word “l(fā)amp。正確答案為B。7.Many university graduates want to work in _ west part of China _ next year.A. the./ B. a.the C. /.the D. the.the【解析】考查冠詞的用法。第一個(gè)空，“in the west part of China”，在中國(guó)西部，方位名詞前要加定冠詞the。第二個(gè)空，在表時(shí)間的一些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前面一般是不加冠詞的，如 this morning/ week/ year， last night/ month, next week/ year。不過(guò)the next year 表第二年（用于過(guò)去時(shí)）。正確答案為A。8.How did you make _ living after you left university? A. a B. an C. the D. /【解析】考查冠詞在詞組短語(yǔ)里的用法。此題容易誤選C。 make a living 表示“謀生”，類似于earn onesliving。冠詞在詞組短語(yǔ)里的考查近年在中考出現(xiàn)的頻度還是很大的，平時(shí)要加強(qiáng)這方面的積累，做到準(zhǔn)確記憶。這種短語(yǔ)表達(dá)是約定俗成的，加，漏用，誤用冠詞都是不對(duì)的。正確答案為A。9.Its common knowledge that light travels faster than sound. A. a B. an C. the D. /【解析】考查固定句型。此題易誤選C。部分同學(xué)可能會(huì)以為這里是特指。Knowledge，不可數(shù)名詞，知識(shí)。 common knowledge 常識(shí)。Its common knowledge that。表示“。是常識(shí)?！笔且粋€(gè)固定句型，用了冠詞反而錯(cuò)誤，要牢記。正確答案為D。10.I think it is important for kids to learn how to manage _ money. A. aB. anC. theD. /【解析】此題容易誤選C。Money，金錢，抽象名詞，其前不加冠詞。部分同學(xué)并不清楚這個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，可能習(xí)慣在前面加個(gè)定冠詞the。類似的例子：Failure is the mother of success.【諺】失敗乃成功之母。11._ Greens are on _ visit to _ United States of America. A. a, the, a B. /, a, the C. The, the, the D. The, a, the【解析】綜合考查冠詞的用法。此題容易誤選C。句子的意思是“格林一家正在美國(guó)參觀訪問(wèn)。”第一個(gè)空the 加在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前面表示“一家人或夫婦倆”，如the Blacks 布萊克一家。第二個(gè)空為固定短語(yǔ)，pay/be on a visit to "參觀，訪問(wèn)“的意思，就相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞visit。第三個(gè)空，美國(guó)，the United States ofAmerica ，或簡(jiǎn)寫成the U.S.A, the US.專有名詞（人名，地名，組織，機(jī)關(guān)，團(tuán)體）前要加定冠詞the。正確答案D。12. Dont lose hope, even though weve failed for so many times. Lets have _ third try. A. the B. an C. / D. a 【解析】考查冠詞與序數(shù)詞連用的用法。此題容易誤選A。受固定思維的影響，很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為這里的second是序數(shù)詞，前面應(yīng)該用定冠詞the修飾。其實(shí)這里是“不定冠詞a/an + 序數(shù)詞+ 單數(shù)名詞”表示“又一，另一”的含義。如have a second try = have another try 再試一次。專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 名詞1. We can hear beautiful music, nice songs of birds or different kinds of _in the world with our ears. A. voicesB. soundsC. noisesD. cries2. To save money, using coupons（優(yōu)惠券）becomes one of the most popular shopping _ in America.(act)3. If you have any problems, you can ask your parents to give you _. A. a piece adviceB. an adviceC. some adviceD. some advices4. The little girl didnt know how to _ the toy machine. (operation)5. Mr Black has a large family to _, so he works for two companies. (fooD.6. The century-old Waibaidu Bridge is again an _ for visitors to Shanghai. (attract)7. These five _ are my elder brothers classmates. ( Germany )8. After discussing for a whole day, they finally reached a to solve the problem. (conclude)9. WTO is the short form of the World Trade _.(organize)10. Do you know anything about Mei Lanfang, the famous _ of Beijing Opera? (art)11. The electric light is one of the greatest _ in the world. (invent)12. Obamas honesty and _ have made him president of the United States. (wise)13. Our government has paid great attention to_ rights nowadays.(farm)14. The older he gets, the more forgetful he becomes. (保持原句意思)He becomes more forgetful _ _ .15. The new _library has been set up.How modern it is!A.students B.studentsC.students D.student16. The mountain is 5,300 metres high. (保持句意)The mountain is 5,300 metres _.答案：1.B 2.actions 3.C 4.operate 5.feed 6.attraction 7.Germans 8.conclusion 9.Organization 10.artist 11.inventions 12.wisdom 13.farmers 14.with age 15.B 16.in height 冠詞1. Students usually have _ one-day trip in the suburbs in spring. A. a B. an C. the D. /2. Mr. Black and his wife usually go to _ church on Sunday morning.A. a B. an C. / D. the3. Shopping online is really _ useful and convenient way for us to buy what we want. A. a B. an C. the D. /4. Do you know only you walk with _ umbrella in _ university on a sunny day?A. aan B. anan C. ana D. aa5. Learning a countrys language is a better way of knowing _ culture behind it. A. a B. an C. the D. /6. These dayshomeless are taken good care of in the old peoples home. A. a B.an C.the D./7. Eddie and his family won _ MP4 in the Super Families TV Show last week. A. a B. an C. the D. /8. Many university graduates want to work in _ west part of China _ next year. A. the./ B. a.the C. /.the D. the.the9. Dudu, 11 -year-old dog, gave us a wonderful performance on Chinas Got Talent Show.A. a B.an C.the D./10. How did you make _ living after you left university? A. a B. an C. the D. /11. I think it is important for kids to learn how to manage _ money. A. a B. an C. the D. /12. Its common knowledge that light travels faster than sound. A. a B. an C. the D. /13. Britain isEuropean country and China isAsian country. A. an; an B. a; a C. a; an D.an; a14. More and more young people are trying to do something for _ old. A. a B. an C. the D. /15. _ Greens are on _ visit to _ United States of America. A. a, the, a B. /, a, the C. The, the, the D. The, a, the16. Shopping online is _ useful and convenient way for us to buy things. A a B an C the D /17. The story happened in _ European country. A. a B. an C. the D. /18. Yangpu Bridge is only one of the bridges over _ Huangpu River. A. /, the B. /,/ C. The, the D. The, / 19. Dont lose hope, even though weve failed for so many times. Lets have _ third try. A. the B. an C. / D. a 20. “Geili” has become _ unusual word this year. A. a B.an C. the D. /21. By _ way, would you please tell me the address of the chemical company? A. a B. an C. the D. /22. My uncle bought _English-Chinese dictionary for me as a gift last Christmas. A. a B.an C.the D./23. ore and more young people are trying to do something for _old. A. a B. an C. the D. 24._singer over there is very popular. She has lots of fans from home and broad. A. A B. An C.The D. /25._ 84-year-old man was saved by the people after the terrible tsunami (海嘯) in Japan. A. A B. An C. / D. The26. Every time we went to the Shanghai Expo we spent _ couple of hours there. A . a B . an C . the D. /27. My thirteen-year-old brother Jimmy is _ big Lady Gaga fan. A. the B. a C. an D. /28. There are many pavilions within the Expo site. _one in red is China Pavilion.A. A B. an C. The D. /29. Please take the precious glass there with _ great care. I dont want it to be broken. A.a B. an C. the D. /30. Kitty is such _honest student that she is often praised by her teachers. A. a B.an C.the D. /答案：1. A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.D 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.A 17.A 18.A 19.D 20. B 21.C 22B 23.C 24.C 25.B 26.A 27.B 28.C 29.D 30.B