2019屆中考英語復(fù)習(xí) 第一篇 語言基礎(chǔ)知識 第8課 八上 Units 7-8基礎(chǔ)知識.doc

第8課 八上 Units 78課前預(yù)熱中考詞匯拓展重點(diǎn)易錯單詞1. holiday 假期；假日2. paper 紙3. planet 行星4. earth 地球5. plant 種植；植物6. already 已經(jīng)；早已7. even 甚至8. shape 形狀9. during 在期間10. word 單詞；詞；話11. machine 機(jī)器12. hole 洞；孔；坑13. autumn 秋季14. fill 充滿；裝滿15. cover 遮蓋；蓋子詞匯拓展1. pollute（v.） pollution （n.）污染；污染物2. environment（n.） environmental （adj.）環(huán)境的；周圍的；有關(guān)環(huán)境的3. peace（n.） peaceful （adj.）和平的；安寧的4. danger（n.） dangerous （adj.）有危險的；不安全的5. believe（v.） belief （n.）相信；依賴；信仰；信條 believable （adj.）可信的 unbelievable （反義詞）令人難以置信的6. agree（v.） agreement （n.）同意；贊成；承認(rèn) disagree （v.）不同意；不贊成；不承認(rèn) disagreement （n.）不一致；異議；分歧7. fall（v.） fell （過去式） fallen （過去分詞） falling （現(xiàn)在分詞）倒塌；跌倒；掉落8. possible（adj.） impossible （反義詞）不可能存在或發(fā)生的；不可能的 possibility （n.）可能；可能性9. shake（n. & v.） shook （過去式） shaken （過去分詞） shaking （現(xiàn)在分詞）搖動；抖動10. final（adj.） finally （adv.）最后；最終11. salt（n.） salty （adj.）含鹽的；咸的12. dig（v.） dug （過去式/過去分詞） digging （現(xiàn)在分詞）掘（地）；鑿（洞）；挖（土）13. tradition（n.） traditional （adj.）傳統(tǒng)的；慣例的14. travel（v. & n.） traveler （n.）漂泊者；旅行者；游客15. celebrate（v.） celebrated （過去式/過去分詞） celebrating （現(xiàn)在分詞）慶祝；慶賀 celebration （n.）慶祝；慶祝會16. mix（v.） mixture （n.）混合；結(jié)合體；混合體17. probable（adj.） probably （adv.）很可能；大概18. inside（adv. & prep.） outside （反義詞）外面19. human（n.） humans （pl.）人類20. sandwich（n.） sandwiches （pl.）三明治中考詞組短語詞 組1. look for尋找2. live on the earth住在地球上3. play a part in saving the earth參與拯救地球4. I hope so.我希望如此。5. on a space station在太空站6. over and over again多次7. think like humans像人類一樣思考8. hundreds of數(shù)百9. fall down倒塌10. seem impossible似乎不可能11. pour.into. 把倒入12. add.to. 把加入到13. cut （them） up切碎14. mix （it） up混合15. two pieces of bread兩片面包16. cook for another 10 minutes再煮10分鐘17. one more thing再一件事18. forget to do. 忘記去做19. take out a book from the library從圖書館拿走一本書20. on special holidays在特殊的假日21. at this time在這個時候22. fill.with. 用把裝滿23. cover.with. 用把覆蓋24. one by one 一個接一個中考句型回顧書面表達(dá)素材1. 未來生活There will be more robots in our life in the future. 將來在我們的生活中將有更多的機(jī)器人。People will live to be 200 years old. 人們將活到200歲。 In 50 years, people will have more free time because there will be fewer things to do. 在未來50年，人們將會有更多的空閑時間，因為人們將會做更少的事情。In the future, there will be less fresh water because there will be more pollution in the sea.在將來，將有更少的干凈的水，因為海里將會有更多的污染。2. 文化習(xí)俗（感恩節(jié)）It is always on the fourth Thursday in November, and is a time to give thanks for food in autumn. 感恩節(jié)通常在11月的第四個星期四，是一個感謝秋季豐收的節(jié)日。Most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family.大部分美國人仍然通過與家人在一起吃飯來慶祝這個感恩的節(jié)日。語法精萃 How many bananas do we need? 我們需要多少只香蕉？We need three bananas. 我們需要三只香蕉。（how many后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)） How much yogurt do we need? 我們需要多少酸奶？We need one cup of yogurt. 我們需要一杯酸奶。（how much后加不可數(shù)名詞）Finally, turn on the blender. 最后，打開攪拌器。（副詞表序列；祈使句）情景交際 What will the future be like ? 未來是什么樣的？Well, cities will be more crowded and polluted. 城市會變得更擁擠和更受污染。課堂突破中考重點(diǎn)單詞與短語一、with的用法【例句展示】1. He spends all his free time with his grandson.他和他的孫子/外孫度過他所有的空閑時間。2. Next to the hotel is a small house with a beautiful garden.旅館旁邊是一個帶有美麗花園的小房子。3. Dont write with the red pen.不要用這支紅色的鋼筆寫字。4. The girl with long hair is my classmate.那個長頭發(fā)的女孩是我的同學(xué)。5. Dont be angry with me for my being late.不要因為我遲到而生我的氣?！揪v辨析】with作介詞，意為“和；同；與；用；以；被；隨著；戴著；有著的；因為；由于”。反義詞為without。相關(guān)短語：play with.與一起玩；be angry with.對生氣；talk with. 與交談；get on well with. 與相處融洽；help sb. with. 在方面幫助某人；fill.with.用把裝滿。【活學(xué)活用】根據(jù)漢語意思翻譯句子。1. 你能和我一起去公園嗎？Can you go to the park_ me?2. 那個手里拿著一本書的男孩來自英國。The boy_ a book in his hand is from the UK.3. 中國是一個有著悠久歷史的偉大國家。China is a great country_ .二、turn on的用法【例句展示】Its really dark, please turn on the light.天太黑了，請開一下燈?！揪v辨析】turn on是“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“打開”，多指打開電器等。若后接代詞作賓語，則必須放在兩者之間。含有turn的其他短語：turn up/down調(diào)高/低（音量）；turn off關(guān)（電器）；turn round轉(zhuǎn)身；turn over翻身；turn to轉(zhuǎn)向（某人/某處）；turn+顏色，把變成顏色；take turns輪流。【活學(xué)活用】用turn構(gòu)成的短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Dont do any other things while you are doing your homework. So please_ your MP3.2. I love this song by Lady Gaga. Would you_ the TV a bit, please? I cant hear it clearly.三、even的用法【例句展示】1. I might even keep a pet parrot.我甚至可能養(yǎng)一只寵物鸚鵡。2. Even if you are with your friends, it is better to keep your voice down in public places.即使你與朋友們在一起，在公共場合最好壓低聲音講話。3. It got even colder.天氣甚至變得更冷了?！揪v辨析】1. even作副詞，意為“甚至”，修飾動詞或比較級。2. even if=even though=though=although即使；盡管?！净顚W(xué)活用】根據(jù)漢語意思翻譯句子。1. 可能你甚至已經(jīng)在電影上見過這些人物了。Perhaps you have_ seen the characters in movies.2. 假期過后他甚至更胖了。He is even_ after the vacation.四、two pieces of bread的用法【例句展示】We need one cup of yogurt and three kilos of apples.我們需要一杯酸奶和三公斤蘋果?！揪v辨析】不可數(shù)名詞量的表示：數(shù)+單位名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞。注：表示量的單位名詞為可數(shù)名詞，前面的數(shù)超過1時，表示量的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。同時可數(shù)名詞也可用這種結(jié)構(gòu)。如：two baskets of eggs兩籃子雞蛋【活學(xué)活用】翻譯下列短語。1. 一袋牛奶_2. 兩勺蜂蜜_3. 一則新聞_4. 兩箱橘子_五、fill的用法【例句展示】1. Smoke filled the room.房間里煙霧彌漫。2. You see, you have helped make it possible for me to have “Lucky”, who has filled my life with pleasure.你知道，你已經(jīng)幫助我獲得了“幸運(yùn)”，它讓我的生活充滿了樂趣。3. I filled the bowl with water.我把這個碗裝滿了水。4. The glass was filled with milk.玻璃杯里裝滿了牛奶。【精講辨析】1. 由例句1可知，fill作動詞時，意為“裝滿；填滿”；由例句2、3可知，fill A with B意為“把A里裝滿B”；由例句4可知，fill A with B的被動語態(tài)形式是：A be filled with B。2. fill in意為“填充；填寫”。如：Fill in each blank with a proper word.在每個空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。3. A be full of B意為“A里充滿了B”，與A be filled with B意思相近。區(qū)別在于：前者側(cè)重狀態(tài)，后者側(cè)重動作。如：The room is full of smoke.房間里都是煙?！净顚W(xué)活用】用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1. We are lucky because our life now is filled happiness.2. The school is full_ laughter.六、serve的用法【例句展示】1. Waiter, please serve me a middle bowl of noodles.服務(wù)員，請給我一份中碗的面條。2. Mrs. Smith served tea and cakes to us.史密斯夫人給我們端上茶和蛋糕。3. The shop assistants job is to serve customers.店員的工作是服務(wù)顧客?！揪v辨析】從以上句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可判斷出例1中的serve是一個及物動詞，意為“端上；（給）提供”，其后可跟雙賓語，即serve sb. sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)，也可用于例2中的serve sth. to sb.的結(jié)構(gòu)；例3中的serve是“（為）服務(wù)；招待”的意思。service作名詞，意為“服務(wù)”；servant也是名詞，意為“服務(wù)員”?！净顚W(xué)活用】根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。You should_ （端上） customers tea before meals.But they said they couldnt wait to eat.中考重點(diǎn)句型一、There will be robots in peoples homes.人們的家里將有機(jī)器人。【例句展示】1. People will live to be 200 years old.人們將活到200歲。2. There will be more people.將會有更多的人。【歸納提高】一般將來時：will+動詞原形，表示“將要”，will意為“將；意愿”，可表示將來或臨時意愿，表示有計劃的時候可用be going to。其否定式是wont do;一般疑問式是Will sb./sth. do.?。There will be=There is going tobe，表示“將會有”。【活學(xué)活用】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. There_ （be） an English party tomorrow evening.2. Have you washed the clothes?Not yet. But I_ （wash） them in half an hour.二、.be able to do sth.能做【例句展示】1. On the weekend, Ill be able to dress more casually.周末，我能穿得更隨意些。2. I ran after the bus, but wasnt able to catch it.我跑著追那輛公共汽車，可是沒能趕上?！練w納提高】be able to意為“有能力做某事；會做某事”。1. can和be able to都表示做事的能力時，兩者可以通用，但can只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時，其變形could可用于一般過去時，而be able to可以用于任何時態(tài)。如：He can （=is able to） speak English.他能說英語。Mike could （=was able to） swim when he was six years old.邁克6歲時就能游泳。Ill be able to speak Japanese in another few months.再過幾個月我就會說日語了。2. 表示經(jīng)過努力而成功的某一次動作，只能用be able to，而不能用can/could。如：The plane was able to fly over the mountain, and the passengers felt safe.飛機(jī)能飛過這座山，乘客們感到安全了。3. 情態(tài)動詞can還可以表請求、許可等，此時could不表示過去時態(tài)，它只是一種委婉的語氣。另外情態(tài)動詞can還可以表猜測?！净顚W(xué)活用】用be able to或can的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. We are sure he will_ be an artist when he grows up.2. Could I use your dictionary?Yes, you_ .3. This book_ be Toms. His is much older than it.三、Do you know how to plant a tree?你知道如何栽樹嗎？【例句展示】1. I dont know how to use the machine. 我不知道怎樣使用這臺機(jī)器。2. I dont know what I should do next. =I dont know what to do next.我不知道接下來該怎么辦。3. I didnt decide which room to live in. 我沒有決定住哪個房間。4. I didnt decide where to live. 我沒有決定住哪兒。5. I dont know what to do. 我不知道做什么。6. I dont know how to do it. 我不知道怎樣做它。【歸納提高】how to plant a tree是“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作謂語動詞know的賓語。“疑問詞+動詞不定式”的常見考點(diǎn)：（1）“疑問詞+動詞不定式”的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。（2）動詞后是否加介詞。（3）動詞后面是否需要賓語。注：在例5中what作do的賓語，所以不能再加it；在例6中how是疑問副詞，作狀語，所以需要it作do的賓語?！净顚W(xué)活用】根據(jù)漢語意思翻譯句子。1. 我不知道如何做香蕉奶昔。I dont know_ a banana milk shake.2. 我不知道把書放在哪里。I dont know_ the book.3. 他不知道住哪個房間。He doesnt know which room_ .中考詞語辨析一、hundred與hundreds of【例句展示】1. They agree it may take hundreds of years.他們一致認(rèn)為這可能要花幾百年的時間。2. Over two hundred students visited the farm last Sunday.上星期天兩百多個學(xué)生參觀了農(nóng)場?！颈娈愅黄啤?. hundred, thousand, million, billion為數(shù)量單位，當(dāng)與具體的數(shù)字連用時，本身不加-s，其后加名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：two hundred cows兩百頭奶牛2. 當(dāng)表示不確定數(shù)，意為“數(shù)以百計；數(shù)以千計；數(shù)以百萬計”時，要本身加-s并與of連用，其后也直接加名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：hundreds of cows幾百頭奶牛注：若表示某特定范圍中的具體的數(shù)時也用of結(jié)構(gòu)。如：two hundred of the students這些學(xué)生中的兩百人【活學(xué)活用】用hundred或hundreds of填空。1._ trees will be planted along the river next month.2. There are more than eight_ students in our school.二、more, fewer與less【例句展示】1. In the future, there will be more robots everywhere.將來到處會有更多的機(jī)器人。2. There will be more pollution.將會有更多的污染。3. There will be fewer trees.將會有更少的樹。4. Humans will have less work to do.人類會做更少的事。【辨異突破】1. more意為“更多”，是many, much的比較級，既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。2. fewer意為“更少”，是few的比較級，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。3. less意為“更少”，是little的比較級，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。注：the most意為“最多”，是many, much的最高級；the fewest, the least意為“最少”，分別是few, little的最高級?！净顚W(xué)活用】用more, fewer或less填空。1. To live a green life, we should try to save_ energy and produce_ pollution.2. I think there will be_ people in the world in 100 years.三、in與after【例句展示】1. He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他會動身去北京。2. He left for Beijing after a week.一周后他動身去了北京?！颈娈愅黄啤縤n與after都可以表示時間。1. “in+一段時間”用來表示從現(xiàn)在算起的“過一段時間以后”，常用于將來時的肯定句中。通常與go, come, start, arrive, return, finish等表示瞬間動作的終止性動詞連用，常用來回答How soon.?的問句。2. “after+一段時間”用來表示從過去算起的“過一段時間以后”，相當(dāng)于“一段時間+later”。謂語動詞用過去時，不可用將來時；“after+具體時間或某一具體事件”時，謂語動詞可用過去時，也可用將來時?！净顚W(xué)活用】用in或after填空。1. Mom will get home_ 5:00 p.m. We have enough time to clean the room.2. How soon will the meeting end?_ two hours.3._ a long time, the man came to himself and told us what had happened to him.四、such與so【例句展示】1. He is so funny a boy.=He is such a funny boy.=The boy is so funny.他是如此有趣的一個男孩。2. People would not like to do such jobs. They will get bored.人們不愿意做那樣的工作，他們會覺得無聊。3. There are so many people in the supermarket.超市里有那么多的人?！颈娈愅黄啤績烧叨伎梢鉃椤叭绱恕?。但與不定冠詞a/an連用時結(jié)構(gòu)不同：so+形容詞+a/an+名詞；such+a/an+形容詞+名詞；但名詞前若有much, little, many, few修飾時，則用so。當(dāng)后面只跟形容詞或副詞時，只能用so?！净顚W(xué)活用】用such或so填空。1. Every year a lot of tourists travel to Hainan, because its_ a beautiful island.2. There were_ many people in the Shanghai World Expo that we had to put off our plan.3. The story is_ interesting that everyone is interested in it.當(dāng)堂檢測一、用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每詞限用一次。 pour inside tradition fill probable 1. Be careful!She is_ the cup with hot tea.2. As a_ festival, the Dragon Boat Festival is becoming more and more popular.3. WeChat is_ the most widely used chatting tool among young people.4. There is quite a cute dog_ the box which was given by my uncle.5. He is used to_ some honey on the bread for breakfast.二、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和所給漢語提示，在空白處寫出單詞的正確形式。每空限填一詞。Are you looking for a quick, simple and delicious dinner? 1_（傳統(tǒng)的） spaghetti and rice are always popular. Now lets learn how to make them. How to make spaghettiFirst, cook the spaghetti in hot water for 20 minutes. After that, you can start to make the sauce. Cut an onion into 2_（塊）. Heat a little oil, and cook the onion in it. You can also put 3_（胡椒）, beef and other things in it. Then 4_（添加） gravy and some potatoes, and cook them for a few minutes over a low heat. Find out a（n） 5_（盤子）, and put the spaghetti on it. 6_（倒出） the sauce over the spaghetti and 7_（混合） them together. Now, you can start to eat.How to cook rice with a rice cookerPut water and rice in the pot and close the 8 （蓋子）. Turn on the rice cooker and it will start to cook the rice. It usually 9_（花費(fèi)） about 30 minutes, so you can cook vegetables and meat during this time.10_（最后）, you will hear a special sound when the rice is ready. But you should wait for about five minutes. It will make the rice more delicious.Its easy to make both of them. Do you want to have a try?三、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. The air_ （pollute） is serious. We must do something to deal with it.2. I like having_ （sandwich） for breakfast.3. After the heavy snow, the ground was_ （cover） with snow.4. There are_ （hundred） of students on the playground.5. Some students are_ （dig） holes, some students are putting the young trees in the holes.6. Robots have different_ （shape） and they can do different things.7. Hainan is a good place for_ （travel） in winter as its neither cold nor hot.8. When an earthquake stops_ （shake）, please be careful because it hasnt ended yet.9. I_ （agree） with you because you havent taken her feelings into consideration.10. This is our new library. It was_ （build） last year.參考答案課堂突破【中考重點(diǎn)單詞與短語】 一、1. with 2. with 3. with a long history二、1. turn off 2. turn up三、1. even 2. fatter四、1. a bag of milk 2. two teaspoons of honey3. a piece of news 4. two boxes of oranges五、1. with 2. of六、serve【中考重點(diǎn)句型】 一、1. will be/is going to be 2. will wash 二、1. be able to 2. can 3. cant三、1. how to make 2. where to put 3. to live in【中考詞語辨析】 一、1. Hundreds of 2. hundred二、1. more, less 2. fewer 三、1. after 2. In 3. After四、1. such 2. so 3. so當(dāng)堂檢測一、1. filling 2. traditional 3. probably 4. inside5. pouring 二、1. Traditional 2. pieces 3. peppers 4. add5. plate 6. Pour 7. mix 8. cover 9. takes10. Finally三、1. pollution 2. sandwiches 3. covered 4. hundreds 5. digging 6. shapes 7. travelers8. shaking 9. disagree 10. built