2019版中考英語專題復習 28 閱讀理解（四）教案.doc

2019版中考英語專題復習 28 閱讀理解（四）教案【教學目標】讓學生熟知閱讀理解七選五題型，了解完七選五命題目的，掌握七選五答題技巧?！局攸c難點】 讓學生掌握閱讀理解七選五解題技巧和步驟 ，提高做七選五題目的能力?！久}目的】 主要是考查考生的概括，歸納，比較和邏輯推理能力。本題型要求考生在理解全文的基礎上對文章中未做明確交代的細節(jié)，段落主旨，作者態(tài)度等方面進行高度概括和判斷。而且對整篇文章進行深層理解。 對閱讀理解七選五的考查主要集中在以下兩個方面： 1. 考查考生把握文章結(jié)構的把握能力。 2. 根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理的能力?！菊骖}例析】根據(jù)下面短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。Your brain controls everything you do. It makes it possible for you to think, learn, create and feel; to blink(眨眼) and breathe and for your heart to beatthis fantastic control center is your brain. 1._Can this small grey organ (器官)，which weighs less than one and a half kilos, really do so much? Amazingly, your brain contains about 100 billion neurons (神經(jīng)元）it would take you over 3,000 years to count them all. 2._ Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the world. And although one neuron creates only a little electricity, all your neurons together can produce enough electricity to power a light bulb (燈泡).So exactly how fast does your brain work? 3._ Neurons in your skin send this information to your brain at a speed of more than 240 kilometers per hour. Your brain then uses other neurons to send the message back to your foot to shake the bee off quickly. 4._ No computer has your brains unbelievable ability to deal with the amount of information coming from your eyes, ears and other sensory organs. But how does your brain allow you to learn things that you will use in the future? The structure (結(jié)構) of your brain changes every time you have a new thought, remember or learn something. 5._ How? As you practice, your brain sends “bike riding” messages again and again. Soon, the actions are learnt and you are able to ride a bike easily from then on.A. Well, imagine this: a bee lands on your foot.B. Therefore, it is not surprising to see that somebody with average intelligence (智力) can have excellent performances in some fields.C. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops.D. It is so amazing that a famous scientist once called it “the most complex (復雜) thing we have yet discovered in our universe”.E. The brain is the boss of the bodyF. These neurons can send this information at more than 320 kilometers per hour. G. For example, riding a bike seems impossible at first, but soon you are able to do it.參考答案:1. D【解析】根據(jù)本段首句“Your brain controls everything you do.”可知本段與人腦神奇的功能相關。結(jié)合備選項可知D項與前句銜接，故選D。2. C【解析】根據(jù)前句“Amazingly, your brain contains about 100 billion neurons (神經(jīng)元）.”及后面涉及到的“神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)傳遞的信息量之大”可知人腦不停地在運作，故選C。3. A【解析】根據(jù)前句的問題“So exactly how fast does your brain work?”及后句“人腦通過其他的神經(jīng)元給腳部傳輸信息，然后快速地把蜜蜂趕走”可知此處以蜜蜂趴在人的腳上為例來證實人腦的工作速度有多快。結(jié)合備選項可知A項與后句銜接，故選A。4. F【解析】根據(jù)后句“No computer has your brains unbelievable ability to deal with .”可知本句與傳輸信息的能力相關。結(jié)合備選項可知F項與后句銜接，故選F。5. G【解析】根據(jù)后句“As you practice, your brain sends bike riding messages again and again. 可知本句與騎自行車相關。結(jié)合備選項可知G項與后文銜接，故選G?！敬痤}技巧】 解題策略：總的原則: “分析篇章結(jié)構，把握全篇文脈是閱讀填空題解題的關鍵”。（1）越過空格，通讀全文，了解大意。（2）通讀選項，抓住其關鍵詞語，明確各選項的大致意思。（3）回到空格處，根據(jù)空格在段落中的位置判斷設空類型。（主旨；過渡；細節(jié)）（4）定位選項。 根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構與具體內(nèi)容，將選項填入文中。（5）確定排除，研究多余選項，確定排除理由，最終確定答案。 解題方法：快速閱讀全文要點詞句，包括首尾段，首尾句以及獨立成段的句子和文章中帶轉(zhuǎn)折詞的句子，目的是掌握文章的主要內(nèi)容，了解大意。1. 同詞出現(xiàn)法。詞匯同現(xiàn)是指屬于同一詞匯或者跟此詞匯相關同一領域的詞匯在文章中共同出現(xiàn)，達到語義銜接的目的。你可以在選項中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，從而達到快而準。一般來說，上下文中詞匯聯(lián)系越接近，上下文的銜接關系越緊密。2. 詞匯復現(xiàn)法。復現(xiàn)，是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對同一個概念進行重復描述。復現(xiàn)關系，主要是指同義詞復現(xiàn)、近義詞復現(xiàn)、反義詞復現(xiàn)等。雙保險：上下文再核實一下3. 代詞線索。英語表達中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關系和根據(jù)代詞的單復數(shù)差異可以準確而快速地解題。4. 邏輯關系銜接。解答議論文體的閱讀填句題,首先要把握好所論述的中心問題.通常所挖空缺與選項都以一條主線為主。其次,此類文章中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一些邏輯關系詞,對于理解文章與判定答案很有幫助。解題技巧：速讀全文，關注每段首尾句，了解大意知主題瀏覽選項，理解全篇邏輯關系,找出關鍵詞運用上下文所重復的關鍵詞推斷利用同義詞和近義詞關系利用詞的上下義關系利用反義詞、過渡詞關系理清結(jié)構與邏輯關系，確定答案【板書設計】【教后反思】