2019中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 知識講與練 形容詞和副詞.doc

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形容詞和副詞 In those boring years, all the beautiful things in my life were hidden, and now they are displayed in front of me.My existence has a new meaning. Failure is no longer my constant companion.Not long ago, since I began to remember that smile, emptiness, loneliness, weakness, sadness, annoyance and disappointment were no longer there.Others also smile to me and care for me. New words 1.displayed[d?sple?d] v陳列;顯示( display的過去式和過去分詞 ); 2.existence[?g?z?st?ns] n.存在， 3.constant [?k?nst?nt] adj.不斷的，持續(xù)的;永恒的 4.companion [k?m?pni?n] n.同伴 5.emptiness[?emptin?s] n.空虛 6.loneliness[l??nl?n?s] n.孤獨(dú)，寂寞 7.weakness[?wi:kn?s] n.弱點(diǎn)，軟弱 8.sadness[?sdn?s] n.悲哀，憂傷， 9.annoyance [??n???ns] n.惱怒，煩惱 譯文： 在那些無聊的歲月中，我生命中一切美好的東西都隱藏起來，現(xiàn)在它們一一展現(xiàn)在我眼前。我的生存有了新的意義。失敗不再是我的常伴。不久前，從我開始記住微笑時(shí)起，空虛、孤獨(dú)、無力、悲傷、煩惱和失望就不復(fù)存在了。別人也同樣向我微笑，對我關(guān)懷。 講義綱要：1，本講課程主要涉及形容詞副詞的用法和特殊使用情況； 2，教學(xué)任務(wù)：掌握形容詞副詞的用法、考點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)。 知識概況：1，形容詞（Adjective）主要用來描寫或修飾名詞或代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征 或?qū)傩裕Ｓ米鞫ㄕZ，也可作表語、補(bǔ)語或狀語。 2，副詞（Adverb 簡稱adv.）是指在句子中表示行為或狀態(tài)特征的詞，用以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。副詞可分為：時(shí)間副詞、頻率副詞、地點(diǎn)副詞、方式副詞、程度副詞、疑問副詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系副詞、表順序的副詞。 知識站點(diǎn)： 初中英語知識考點(diǎn)一覽表 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 句子結(jié)構(gòu) 時(shí)態(tài) 語態(tài) 名詞 冠詞 代詞 形副 介詞 數(shù)詞 連詞 非謂語動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 賓語從句 定語從句 簡單句 情景交際 知識精講： 形容詞副詞 一、形容詞 命題趨勢：形容詞是歷年各省市中考必考知識點(diǎn)。從考查形式看，一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為2～4分。從命題意圖看，側(cè)重考查考生在具體語言環(huán)境中使用形容詞的能力。 考試重點(diǎn)：中考試題對形容詞的考查涉及形容詞原級，比較級和最高級的各種句型、形容詞作定語的位置、易混淆的形容詞用法辨析等。其中，形容詞比較等級句型、形容詞修飾不定代詞something，anything，everything，nothing時(shí)的位置，易混淆的形容詞用法辨析等是考查的熱點(diǎn)。 1、 形容詞的一般用法 1.作定語，一般放在所修飾詞的前面。 例如，It’s a cold and windy day. 2.作表語，放在系動(dòng)詞的后面。 例如，He looks happy today. 3.形容詞修飾something，anything，nothing，everything等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，須放在其后。 例如，would you like something hot to drink？ 4. 表示長、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞，應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)的名詞之后。 例如，how long is the river？ it’s about two hundred metres long. 5.只能作表語的形容詞：afraid害怕；alone獨(dú)自的；asleep睡著的；awake醒著的；alive活著的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened害怕的 6.只能作定語的形容詞：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木質(zhì)的；woolen羊毛質(zhì)的；elder年長的 7.貌似副詞的形容詞：lonely獨(dú)自的；friendly友好的；lively生動(dòng)的；lovely可愛的 8.復(fù)合形容詞：snow-white雪白的 English-speaking說英語的；glass-topped玻璃罩的;full-time全日制的；well-known眾所周知的；kind-hearted善良的；man-made人造的；take-away可以帶走的；ten-year-old十歲的。 二、多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋? 限定詞(冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞)——描繪詞(大小，長短，形狀，新舊，長幼，顏色)——出處——材料性質(zhì)——類別——名詞 口訣一：限定描繪長大高，形狀年齡和新老；顏色國籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠。 口訣二；美小圓舊黃，中國木書房。注：“美”代表“描述或性質(zhì)類”形容詞；“小”代表“大小、長短、高低、胖瘦類” 形容詞；“圓”代表“形狀類” 形容詞；“舊”代表“新舊、年齡類” 形容詞；“黃”代表“顏色類” 形容詞；“中國”代表“來源、國籍、地區(qū)、出處類” 形容詞；“木”代表“物質(zhì)、材料、質(zhì)地類” 形容詞；“書”代表“用途、類別、功能、作用類” 形容詞；“房”代表“中心名詞”.例如： two beautiful new green silk evening dress 兩件又新又漂亮的絲綢女士晚禮服；that hungry, tired, sleepy little match girl 那個(gè)饑餓、疲勞、困倦的賣火柴的小女孩；an old large brick dining hall 一個(gè)舊的紅磚砌的大餐廳. 　a small round table一張小圓桌a tall white building一幢高大的白色建筑物 　　a dirty old black shirt一件又臟又舊的黑色襯衣 a famous American medical school一個(gè)非常著名的美國醫(yī)學(xué)院 口訣三：“限觀形齡色國材” 3、 形容詞常用句型 1.“it’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么樣”。 　　注意：這一句型中常用描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有禮貌的)，clever(聰明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懶惰的)，careful(細(xì)心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正確的)，wrong(錯(cuò)誤的)等。 　　例如，it’s very kind of you to help me.(=you are very kind to help me.)你能幫助我，真好。 1.“it’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么樣”。 　　注意：這一句型中常用描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有禮貌的)，clever(聰明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懶惰的)，careful(細(xì)心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正確的)，wrong(錯(cuò)誤的)等。 　　例如，it’s very kind of you to help me.(=you are very kind to help me.)你能幫助我，真好。 注意：這一句型中常用的形容詞有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困難的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艱難的)，dangerous(危險(xiǎn)的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒適的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。 　　例如，it’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=to learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)對于他們來說學(xué)好一門外語不容易。 二、副詞 考查重點(diǎn):中考試題對副詞的考查涉及常用副詞的用法、副詞等級的各種句型、易混淆的副詞用法辨析等。其中，頻度副詞always，often，usually，sometimes，never，時(shí)間副詞already，yet，still，just，疑問副詞how，why，when，where，程度副詞enough，quite以及too，also，either等的用法區(qū)別，副詞比較等級句型是考查的熱點(diǎn)。 一、副詞的分類 　　副詞按詞匯意義可分為： 　　方式副詞：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly 　　程度副詞：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite 　　地點(diǎn)副詞：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home， 　　時(shí)間副詞：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still 　　頻度副詞：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never 　　否定副詞：no，not，neither，nor， 　　疑問副詞：where，how，why 　　其他：also，too，only 形容詞，副詞的比較級、最高級 規(guī)則變化（略） 隨堂訓(xùn)練： 選擇填空： 1.Peter looked ___ when he learned that he hadn’t passed the final exam. A, sadly B, sad C, happily D, happy 2.Jack did badly at the school sports meeting. I did even ___. A, worse B, worst C, more bad D, more badly 3.Billy, is your mother cooking meat in the kitchen? It smells so ___! A, well B, badly C, nice D, pretty 4.The car stopped so ___ that the bus behind almost ran into it. A, closely B, immediately C, suddenly D, soon 5.We must finish cleaning the office ___. A, as soon as possible B, as quickly as soon C, as possible as soon D, as soon as possibly 6.What she said this time sounds ___. A, pleasantly B, nicely C, friendly D, truly 7.I didn’t work ___ my brother when I was young. A, as hard as B, harder C, hardest D, hardly 8.I’m going to move ___. It’s too noisy in our neighbourhood. A, somewhere quiet B, quiet somewhere C, anywhere D, quiet anywhere 9.Last year, 15 typhoons (臺(tái)風(fēng)) hit China and Khanun was ___. A, strong B, strongest C, stronger D, the strongest 10.It’s a good habit to keep the classroom ___ all the time. A, cleanly B, clearly C, clear D, clean 11.When class was over, our maths teacher came into the classroom and said, “Please stay at your seat. I have got ___ to announce.” A, nothing important B, important something C, important nothing D, something important 12.In the exam, the ___ you are, the ___ mistakes you’ll make. A, less careful, fewer B, more careful, less C, less careful, few D, more careful, fewer 13.What is ___ joke you have ever heard? A, more funny B, the more funny C, the most funny D, the funniest 14.This kind of material feels ___ silk. A, differently from B, the same to C, different as D, different from 15.A recent survey showed that Jingjing and Huanhuan were ___ among the five Olympic mascots (吉祥物). A, popular B, more popular C, most popular D, the most popular 16.A: Is there ___ in today’s newspaper? B: Yes. Shenzhou VI has been sent up into space successfully. A, nothing new B, anything new C, new nothing D, new anything 17.Visitors in the orchard can eat as ___ fruit as they want. A, many B, more C, much D, most 18.All of us were very ___ when we heard the ___ news. A, excited, exciting B, excited, excited C, exciting, exciting D, exciting, excited 19.Eddie, my best frind ___ Ben. A, is as high as B, works as careful as C, doesn’t sing as beautifully as D, writes more better than 20.Tom never does his homework ___ Alice. So he makes more mistakes. A, as carefully as B, so careful as C, less carefully than D, more careful than 21.Water pollution is one of ___ in our country. A, serious problem B, the more serious problems C, most serious problems D, the most serious problems 22.The pizza was too small, so she decided to look for ___ to eat. A, large something B, something else C, something other D, other something 23.We are too tired and hungry. So our steps are getting ___. A, slow and slower B, slower and slowest C, slower and slower D, more and more slowly 24.Most children in our kindergarten like to play with Barbie girls. They look so ___. A, nicely B, happily C, beautifully D, lovely 25.In winter, Chinese students like to kick the Jianzi (毽子) to keep themselves ___. A, warm B, warmly C, cold D, coldly 26.In order to keep healthy, you should eat ___ fast food, ___ fresh vegetables and take enough excises. A, fewer, fewer B, fewer, more C, less, more D, less, fewer 27.Don’t worry, My sister is ___ to take care of little Betty. A, enough carefully B, enough careful C, carefully enough D, careful enough 28.Of all the students in our class, Jack is ___. A, taller B, tallest C, the tallest D, very tall 29.In order to get full marks, Tim always does his lessons very ___. A, more carefully B, most carefully C, much carefully D, carefully 30.A: Is there ___ in today’s newspaper? B: Yes. It says that President Hu Jintao has reached Washington. A, anything important B, any important thing C, important anything D, any thing important 詞性變換： 1.I don’t like him and it would be ______________ of me to do the opposite. (honest) 2.Our holidays in Thailand were really ______________ and unforgettable. (enjoy) 3.The government is doing everything possible to help those ______________ people after the earthquake. (home) 4.Put on the glasses so that you can see the word on the blackboard ______________. (clear) 5.The war made millions of people ______________. (home) 6.What is the most ______________ animal in the forest? (power) 7.It is ______________ to travel by train than by air. (cheap) 8.It is ______________ for him to finish the job in two hours. He is so slow. (possible) 9._________, over 28,000 civilians (平民) lost their lives during the three-year war in Iraq. (sad) 10.I feel quite comfortable at home when it is raining ______________ outside. (heavy) 11.Jack is such a ______________ fellow, for he always leaves this or that at the office. (forget) 12.It is not ______________ to eat food with Sudan I (蘇丹紅1號). (safely) 13.Lily is ______________ enough to get the prize in the xx Shanghai Junior High School English Contest. (luck) 14.We’d better drive our cars ______________ on rainy days. (slow) 15.One starry night, when the seven little dwarfs went back home from work, they found something ______________ at once. (usual) 語音訓(xùn)正： 雙元音/au/的例句 1. If you sell the cow, you sell her milk too. 殺雞取卵。 2. Knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud. 知識使人謙卑，盲目使人自大。 3. Out of office, out of danger. 無官一身輕。 雙元音/?i/的例句 1. Spare the rod, spoil the child. 不打不成器。 2. Every coin has two sides. 凡事皆有兩面性。