2019版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第五部分 書面表達(dá) 專題二十一 生態(tài)環(huán)保類閱讀+社會(huì)文化類閱讀+完形填空+語篇填空+短文改錯(cuò)優(yōu)選習(xí)題.doc

專題二十一 生態(tài)環(huán)保類閱讀+社會(huì)文化類閱讀+完形填空+語篇填空+短文改錯(cuò).閱讀理解A(2018浙江溫州六校聯(lián)考)The Maldives faces the threat of extinction from rising sea levels,but the government said on Thursday it was looking to the future with plans to build homes and a golf course that can float.An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldivesa nation of a number of tiny coral islands in the Indian Oceannot suitable for humans to live in by 2100,the UNs climate change experts have warned.President Mohamed Nasheed has declared a fight for survival,and last month he signed a deal with a Dutch pany to study suggestions for a floating structure that could support a conference centre,homes and an 18-hole golf course.The pany,Dutch Docklands,is currently building floating developments in the Netherlands and Dubai.Its website said it undertook projects that make “l(fā)and from water by providing large-scale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land”.The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there in order to ease crowdedness.The city,which has a population of 100,000,is already protected from rising sea levels by a 30-million-dollar sea wall,and the government is considering increasingly imaginative ways to fight climate change.Nasheed,who held the worlds first underwater cabinet(內(nèi)閣) meeting in October to highlight his peoples serious and difficult situation,has even spoken of buying land elsewhere in the world to enable Maldivians to relocate if their homes are pletely covered.He has also promised to turn his nation into a model for the rest of the world by being “carbon neutral(碳中和)” by 2020.His plan involves ending fossil fuel use and powering all vehicles and buildings from “green” sources such as burning coconut husks.【語篇解讀】本文是生態(tài)環(huán)保類閱讀。講述馬爾代夫人民面對(duì)海平面的上升不得不考慮如何應(yīng)對(duì)被淹沒的可能?，F(xiàn)在他們開始在首都附近建了一個(gè)人工島Hulhumale,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有30,000多人搬到了這個(gè)島上,緩解了一些壓力。最后文章呼吁人們減少二氧化碳的排放。1.Which of the following about the Maldives is right according to the passage?A.It is made up of many small islands.B.It has been covered by water now.C.Its people live in underwater houses.D.Its people live in their floating homes.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“An increase in sea levels of just 18 to 59 centimeters would make the Maldivesa nation of a number of tiny coral islands in the Indian Oceannot suitable for humans to live in by 2100”可知,馬爾代夫由很多小島組成,預(yù)計(jì)2100年可能被水淹沒,不是現(xiàn)在,所以A項(xiàng)正確,而B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;再根據(jù)第一段“but the government said on Thursday it was looking to the future with plans to build homes and a golf course that can float.”可知C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。答案為A項(xiàng)。2.What probably is the reason why Mohamed Nasheed chose Dutch Docklands for his plan?A.It has a good fame throughout the world.B.It charged much less than other panies.C.It has experience in building floating structures.D.It supports building floating structures in the world.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Its website said it undertook projects that makeland from water by providing large-scale floating constructions to create similar conditions as on land”可知,這家公司的網(wǎng)站上顯示他們?cè)?jīng)承擔(dān)過類似的在水上建造建筑物的任務(wù),所以答案為C項(xiàng)。3.Why did the Maldives begin to build the Hulhumale?A.Because it could attract more visitors.B.Because the country intended to make it a new capital.C.Because it could fight against climate change.D.Because it could make the capital less crowded.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“The Maldives began to work on an artificial island known as the Hulhumale near the crowded capital island of Male in 1997 and more than 30,000 people have been settled there in order to ease crowdedness.”可知,建立Hulhumale的目的是為了減輕首都的交通擁堵狀況。答案為D項(xiàng)。4.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A.To promote the idea of low-carbon living style.B.To tell people that the Maldives is disappearing soon.C.To discuss the causes why the Maldives faces extinction.D.To introduce the efforts taken by Maldivians to fight for life.答案D解析意圖態(tài)度題。文章主要介紹了由于馬爾代夫是個(gè)島國,海平面的上升有可能導(dǎo)致這個(gè)島國被淹沒,以及馬爾代夫?yàn)榻鉀Q人類生存這一問題而采取的措施。B(2018四川南充質(zhì)檢)My daughter went to see The Wild One recently and she mented that Marion Brando was wearing jeans so long ago.Of course he helped set the trend,so that got me thinking about the link between films and trends in fashion.Fashion and films have gone hand in hand for long.The Wild One is a good example:it appeared in 1954,starring Brando.Dressed in a black leather motorcycle jacket,leather cap and jeans,he created a look which is still considered “cool” today.Everyone from Madonna to middle-aged men is seen wearing the classic leather motorcycle jacket.Another strong influence on fashion trends was Breakfast at Tiffanys,stalling Audrey Hepburn.She made famous the simple black dress that looks perfect at either a cocktail party or just standing around an expensive department store like Tiffanys with a pastry and coffee in your hand,as Audrey Hepburn does in the film.She looks so elegant,wearing simple but beautiful dresses,big dark glasses and a string of pearls around her neck.Audrey Hepburn still influences womens fashion with her “Tiffanys look”.In more modern times,the film star Uma Thurman created a major fashion trend when she appeared in the film Pulp Fiction,made in 1994.Her style was very simple.Her black trousers,crisp white shirt and hair style was copied by women in the world.Influencing fashion trends can often be about timing.The movie Memoirs of a Geisha came just in time to start a trend in Japanese fashion.It starred the Chinese actress Zhang Ziyi,who wore beautiful silk kimonos(和服),and it won an Oscar for Costume Design.Many travel panies picked up on the trend and ran “geisha trips” to Japan.The film has also led to a regained interest in kimonos.It is now quite mon to see young Japanese women wearing kimonos not just on traditional occasions,but at various social events.The fashion is also beginning to spread to western countries.【語篇解讀】本文是社會(huì)文化類閱讀。主要介紹了電影對(duì)時(shí)尚的影響,并通過具體的例子來證明這一點(diǎn)。5.What is the best title of the passage?A.Films and fashionB.Stars fashionC.Influential filmsD.Film cultures答案A解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Of course he helped set the trend,so that got me thinking about the link between films and trends in fashion.”可知,本文通過馬龍白蘭度的著名電影The Wild One 引出了電影能夠影響流行時(shí)尚趨勢的話題。接下來列舉多部電影引起流行時(shí)尚變化的例子,由此可知本文正是關(guān)于電影和時(shí)尚的。答案為A項(xiàng)。6.Who will people associate Madonna wearing the leather motorcycle jacket with?A.Zhang Ziyi.B.Audrey Hepburn.C.Uma Thurman.D.Marlon Brando.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段后三句“The Wild One is a good example:it appeared in 1954,starring Brando.Dressed in a black leather motorcycle jacket,leather cap and jeans,he created a look which is still considered cool today.Everyone from Madonna to middle-aged men is seen wearing the classic leather motorcycle jacket.”可知,正是Brando在電影The Wild One中的機(jī)車夾克、牛仔褲和皮帽子的服裝創(chuàng)造出一種現(xiàn)在人們?nèi)匀徽J(rèn)為很酷的時(shí)尚潮流,當(dāng)麥當(dāng)娜穿上這樣的服裝的時(shí)候,人們會(huì)聯(lián)想到馬龍白蘭度。答案為D項(xiàng)。7.What is implied in the film Breakfast at Tiffanys according to the passage?A.One can be active by wearing black.B.One can be elegant by wearing simply.C.One can be famous by looking perfect.D.One can be stylish by eating at Tiffanys.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句“She looks so elegant,wearing simple but beautiful dresses,big dark glasses and a string of pearls around her neck.”可知,在電影Breakfast at Tiffanys中Tiffany開創(chuàng)了一種簡約而優(yōu)雅的時(shí)尚服飾潮流。答案為B項(xiàng)。8.What does the film Memoirs of a Geisha lead to?A.The popularity of the Chinese actress.B.The worldwide reading of Geisha stories.C.The recovery of interest in kimonos.D.The “geisha trips” to social events.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第三句“The film has also led to a regained interest in kimonos.”可知,電影Memoirs of a Geisha重新激發(fā)了人們對(duì)日本和服的喜愛。答案為C項(xiàng)。.完形填空(2018廣西南寧模考)On the night of October 16th,ing up at ten oclock,my mother prepared what would be my fathers last meal.That week he worked 1 shifts.He started at midnight.Just after 2 am,the group went for coffee.There was a 2 that always had to be operated and he said,“Its okay.You guys all 3 and Ill work it.”The machine would 4 quickly,occasionally,for one moment Dad made a 5he didnt pay attention,and his head was stuck in the machine.In panic,the workers 6 back and cut the base of the machine and transported it with him in the ambulance.Mother was 7 that there was an accident and to meet at the 8.My oldest brother Ken,then sixteen,9mother there,and my other brother Bob,then fourteen,stayed with me at home.Father died on the road.When we were overe with the 10,a spokesperson for the hospital 11 my mother if they could take one of my fathers eyesthey had a person 12 it.My mother replied,“Yes!”Years later,in the late summer,I was at the Woodlawn Cemetery where my fathers body rests.As I finished 13 and stood,a man from behind me said,“How are you now,Frank?”Knowing only the 14,and his friends and co-workers called him “Frank”,I 15 thought that this man must have 16 him.As I turned to face him,I replied,“Hes my father.”This man,Frank Bazylak,as I would learn later,replied,“I 17 with your father for a short time,just over a year,but he made an impact on my life.He was so powerful,so 18 and so giving.You know,he wasnt meant to be there that day.But that was Frank.”Almost four decades later and from a 19,there in the cemetery,Id heard 20 stories about my father.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。作者的爸爸在工廠發(fā)生事故后去世,媽媽在醫(yī)院同意捐獻(xiàn)他的一只眼睛。最后通過與一位陌生人的對(duì)話說明了父親的美德。1.A.morningB.noonC.nightD.afternoon答案C解析根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“On the night”和空后的“He started at midnight”可知,爸爸應(yīng)該是上夜班。所以選C項(xiàng)。2.A.duty B.jobC.truckD.machine答案D解析根據(jù)空后的“had to be operated”和“Ill work it”可知,此處應(yīng)是一臺(tái)機(jī)器需要一直有人操作。另外第三段第一句中的“The machine would 4 quickly”也是提示。3.A.stayB.goC.hideD.watch答案B解析根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“the group went for coffee”以及最后一句中的“Ill work it”可推斷,此處指離開(去喝咖啡),故選B項(xiàng)。4.A.moveB.breakC.changeD.fly答案A解析根據(jù)語境可知,此處是指這臺(tái)機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)(move)很快。5.A.decisionB.differenceC.lifeD.mistake答案D解析根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知,此處指爸爸犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。6.A.walkedB.rushedC.lookedD.turned答案B解析根據(jù)上文可知,其他人都去喝咖啡了,所以爸爸的頭卡在機(jī)器里時(shí),他們應(yīng)該是快速趕(rushed)回。7.A.warnedB.mindedC.informedD.threatened答案C解析根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,爸爸發(fā)生事故,這時(shí)應(yīng)是通知媽媽到醫(yī)院去,所以選C項(xiàng)。warn“警告,提醒”;mind“介意”;inform“告知,通知”;threaten“威脅,恐嚇”。8.A.factoryB.officeC.hospitalD.workplace答案C解析根據(jù)句意可知,應(yīng)該是通知媽媽去醫(yī)院,所以選C項(xiàng)。9.A.fortedB.urgedC.calmedD.drove答案D解析根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,媽媽要到醫(yī)院去,所以哥哥開車送媽媽去那里。10.A.sorrowB.incidentC.troubleD.treatment答案A解析根據(jù)上文可知,父親的去世使我們處于悲痛之中。be overe with.“受到的極大影響”。11.A.suggestedB.askedC.puzzledD.embarrassed答案B解析根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知,此處應(yīng)是詢問(asked)媽媽的意見。12.A.caring aboutB.suffering fromC.turning toD.waiting for答案D解析根據(jù)語境可以推斷,此處是指一個(gè)病人(一直)在等待(waiting for)(有人捐獻(xiàn))眼睛來治療(自己的眼睛)。13.A.blessingB.missingC.prayingD.chatting答案C解析根據(jù)空前的“at the Woodlawn Cemetery”并結(jié)合生活常識(shí)可知,“我”在墓地完成禱告(praying)。bless“祝福,保佑”。14.A.familyB.doctorsC.panyD.policemen答案A解析根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容并結(jié)合語境可知,“我”知道只有家人、爸爸的朋友和同事叫他Frank。所以選項(xiàng)A符合語境。15.A.slowlyB.quicklyC.nervouslyD.carefully答案B解析根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,“我”應(yīng)是迅速地(quickly)認(rèn)為這個(gè)人一定是認(rèn)識(shí)(known)爸爸的。16.A.respectedB.lovedC.recognizedD.known答案D解析respect “尊重”;love“愛”;recognize“認(rèn)出”;know“認(rèn)識(shí)”,根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。17.A.discussedB.quarreledC.workedD.agreed答案C解析根據(jù)空后的“for a short time,just over a year,but he made an impact on my life”和下文中的“he wasnt meant to be there that day”可推知,這個(gè)人應(yīng)該是爸爸的同事,所以空處應(yīng)指與爸爸一起工作過。18.A.cleverB.considerateC.modestD.strict答案B解析根據(jù)空前的“powerful”和空后的“giving”同時(shí)結(jié)合上文已經(jīng)介紹的爸爸讓所有的同事去喝咖啡,自己一個(gè)人留下操作機(jī)器以及倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知,爸爸也是一個(gè)體貼的(considerate)人。19.A.strangerB.friendC.colleagueD.brother答案A解析根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二、三段可知,“我”在墓地遇到的人于“我”而言是一位陌生人。20.A.wonderfulB.cheerfulC.sadD.false答案A解析根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,文章主要介紹了爸爸的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。故此處應(yīng)指“我”聽到了令人驚嘆的故事。wonderful“令人驚嘆的”,符合語境。.語篇填空(2018江西八校聯(lián)考)Chinese oracle bone inscriptions(甲骨文) over 3,000 years old are now being widely used as emojis by young WeChat users,thanks to a person who made them 1.(close) to peoples life than before.“The ancient characters are not as cool and distant 2. they are supposed to be,” said the 3.(create) Chen Nan.“In fact,they are cute and humorous,and they could totally serve our needs for online expression.” 4. 46-year-old professor of fine art at Tsinghua University has been working to make oracle bone inscriptions into emojis.For example,the character for “zui,” 5. means “drunk” in English,was created 6.(look) like a stumbling figure.Chen has also bined the ancient Chinese characters with cartoon figures.A cartoon video clip 7.(feature) oracle bone inscriptions designed by him was viewed 31 million times and shared 140,000 times.Chen worked on the road of innovation 19 years ago.In 2016,the ancient typeface 8. (include) into the front library under his efforts to let the ancient words walk into peoples life.Now the library has as many as 3,500 characters,9. Chens research on the project still continues,as he plans to extend the library to 7,000 characters.In the future,he will apply the ancient characters 10. education and development of games and apps.答案與解析【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。講述了中國有著3000多年歷史的甲骨文正在被年輕的微信用戶們用作表情包廣泛使用。1.closer考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)后面的than before可知應(yīng)該用形容詞比較級(jí)。2.as考查連詞。句意:甲骨文沒有它們看上去的那么高冷深沉。as.as.“像一樣”。3.creator考查名詞。這里指產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)造者,所以用名詞creator。4.The考查冠詞。這里特指46-year-old professor“四十六歲的教授”,所以用定冠詞The。5.which考查定語從句。這里考查非限定性定語從句,which指代前面的先行詞the character for “zui”。6.to look考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:它被設(shè)計(jì)的看起來就像一個(gè)歪歪斜斜的人。這里用不定式表目的。7.featuring考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:一個(gè)由他設(shè)計(jì)的甲骨文動(dòng)畫視頻瀏覽量達(dá)3100萬次。feature作為動(dòng)詞意思是“以為特征或特色,描寫的特征”,這里考查動(dòng)詞-ing形式作后置定語。8.was included考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:2016年甲骨文被納入字體庫,古老的文字走進(jìn)了人們的生活。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“in 2016”可知用過去時(shí)態(tài),且“the ancient typeface”與“include”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。9.but/yet考查連詞。句意:現(xiàn)在,甲骨文字體庫里已有3500個(gè)漢字,不過陳楠的研究工程仍在繼續(xù)。這里前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。10.to考查固定搭配。句意:將來,他還打算將甲骨文元素融入文化教育產(chǎn)業(yè)、小游戲開發(fā)、app等領(lǐng)域。apply.to.“將應(yīng)用在”。.短文改錯(cuò)(2018遼寧大連聯(lián)考)Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that drunk driving has bee a grave problem what we are faced with.Reports are often heard about deaths result from drunk driving.A number of factor might have led to this problem.Firstly,Chinese have the custom of urging guests to drink more and regard them as a sign of hospitality.Secondly,the boom of Chinese economy in the past decades brought along a sharp increase in a number of private cars.Lastly,laws and regulations were not severely enough in the past.To our relief,relevant laws and regulations have been put into the effect to punish those who drives after drinking.And more can be done to avoid drunk driving until things get worse.答案Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that drunk driving has bee a grave problem whatwhich/that we are faced with.Reports are often heard about deaths resultresulting from drunk driving.A number of factorfactors might have led to this problem.Firstly,Chinese have the custom of urging guests to drink more and regard themit as a sign of hospitality.Secondly,the boom of Chinese economy in the past decades has brought along a sharp increase in athe number of private cars.Lastly,laws and regulations were not severelysevere enough in the past.To our relief,relevant laws and regulations have been put into the effect to punish those who drivesdrive after drinking.And more can be done to avoid drunk driving untilbefore things get worse.