2020高考英語新創(chuàng)新一輪復(fù)習(xí) 選修7 Unit 21 Human Biology課下作業(yè)（一-三）（含解析）北師大版.doc

必修7 Unit 21 Human Biology 課下作業(yè)（一三）.單詞拼寫1Most babies can digest (消化) a wide range of food easily.2The flight was postponed (延期) because of the thick fog.3We can find the happiness we seek (追求) if we first share it with others.4Under the circumstances (情況), we must rely on ourselves.5They were accused of abusing (濫用) their power to keep prices artificially high.6As we all know, soil is fundamental (根本的) to the growth of the plants.7The disappearance of jobs is a symptom (征兆) of a deeper social economic change.8Due to bad management, pany profits have been declining (下降) over the last three years.9Your suggestion was submitted (提交) to the mission for its consideration.10With such a short time left before the deadline (最后日期), it is unlikely for John to finish the job on time.單句語法填空1Many residents are opposed to building (build) the motorway. It is not a wise decision.2Lets postpone making (make) a decision until we have more information.3He has declined to_e (e) and in that case we can ask somebody else.4Nobody can tolerate_being_cheated (cheat), and thats why he has no friend.5We seek to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us.6If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers，you need to submit it to Smart Animals.7You must carry the necessary equipment (equip) with you，since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes.8We shared the belief that if youre fortunate (fortune) enough to have success, you should put something back.9Many farmers opposed (opposite) the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.10She wiped the sweat off from her face with a piece of facial tissue.單句改錯1My efforts to bring about a settlement ended of vain. ofin2She chose a novel from the shelf in the library in random. 第二個inat3The number of population in that country is now in the decline. inon4He made fortune in his business trade on the Internet last year. made后加a5The students in the lecture hall are focusing in the professors speech. 第二個inon6They are urgently seeking out the posts where they are well paid. outafter/for7I am very much opposed to permit him to go alone at night. permitpermitting8To our delight, the smoking of cigarettes is in the decline in this area recently. 第一個inon9The drunken driver, rather than the passersby were to blame for the traffic accident. werewas10He gave away his all money to buy some equipments for the new school. equipmentsequipment.完成句子1They tried their best to make her happy but_in_vain.他們盡力使她高興但徒勞無功。2One failure after another wiped_out_his_ambition for fame.一次又一次的失敗使他成名的雄心壯志化為烏有。3Its_clever_of_you_to work out the perfect plan in such a short time.在這么短的時間內(nèi)制定出這樣完美的方案，你真是太聰明了。4To our delight, the_number_of_robberies_is_declining in this area recently.讓我們感到高興的是，近來這個地區(qū)的搶劫案的數(shù)量在下降。5I prefer_to_take_some_exercise_outside_rather_than_play_puter_games at home on Sundays.星期天，我寧愿出去鍛煉也不愿待在家里玩電腦游戲。.根據(jù)提示填空Obviously, most people who try to lose_weight (減肥) generally focus all or most of their attention on the food they eat. But what about their behavior? Are there habits they could be breaking that would also help them lose weight?According to the Ohio State University Extension, which summarized the findings, the researchers learned people who routinely (routine) ate breakfasts, lunches, and dinners tended to have more success losing weight than people whose eating schedules were irregular. As a bonus, they were also more likely to eat a_larger_quantity_of_fruits_and_vegetables (大量水果和蔬菜)One activity (active) that brought a disaster to people who wanted to lose weight was watching television, particularly if they ate while watching TV especially if they ate while watching TV after 7 pm. People who did these things, including simply watching a lot of television, tended to have a higher body mass index (BMI), as well as a higher intake of fat_and_sugars (脂肪和糖)Those who ate out a lot also tended to take in more fat and sugars, while eating fewer fruits and vegetables. For the purposes of the study, eating away from home was defined not only as eating in restaurants but also eating food provided by an employer or colleagues at work, buying food at convenience stores or gas stations, or buying food for fundraisers.Finally, the best results were achieved by those motivated people who kept writing the track of the_amount_and_type_of_exercise (鍛煉的量和類型) they did and how many calories they ate, who planned _meals (meal), and used meal replacements. Those who did these things the most generally lost more weight, ate less fat and sugars, ate more fruits and vegetables, and engaged in more physical_activities (體育活動)So cutting out all those highcalorie snacks will help you lose weight. If so, apparently, will change some of your habits and behavior.片段選詞填空treat， swim， clinical， symptom， carry out， human health and wellbeing， the natural setting， water activity， take any drugs， positive emotion)Patients with light or moderate depression can be successfully treated by swimming with dolphins, researchers said on Saturday.The study was carried_out in Honduras, including patients who were thought by the doctors with light of moderate depression ing from the United States and Honduras.For two weeks, half of the group swam with dolphins for an hour a day. At the same time the other half group carried out the same type of water_activities,_but with the absence of dolphins. Researchers want to find out the influence of water and the_natural_setting.All the study volunteers didnt continue to take_any_drugs_ or psychotherapy (心理治療) at least for weeks before the start of the study and did not take any drugs during the study, said the researchers from the division of clinical Psychiatry at the University of Leicester Medical School.By the end of the study, those people who swam with the dolphins had a greater average reduction in their depressive symptoms than those who did not.The researchers noted that the study supports the theory of biophilia, which thinks that human_health_and_wellbeing depends partly on the human connection with the natural world. The findings appeared in the issue of the British Medical Journal, leading to interactions and positive_emotions that result in psychological treatment.閱讀理解A(2019貴陽監(jiān)測)Ive never been the kind of person to say, “its the thought that counts” when it es to gifts. That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew_me_away.For years now, Ive been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.In the front room, theres a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my childrens growth.Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each childs name and the date when they were measured. Of all the objects and all the memories, its this one thing in a home thats the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldnt normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see.Over the years, Ive talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing.So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing (捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns (晚禮服)She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints (指紋), and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family.Three weeks later, my childrens wonderful gift made its way to me a lifesize photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，講述了孩子們送給“我”的一件充滿愛意且特別的禮物的事情。1The underlined phrase “blew me away” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_”Aattracted meBsurprised meCaccepted me Drefused me解析：選B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ive never been the kind of person to say, its the thought that counts . when my kids gave me a present”及下文的描述可知，“我”以前不相信送禮物的人的心思最重要，但幾個星期前“我”的孩子們送給“我”的禮物讓“我”改變了這樣的想法，所以此處表示使“我”吃驚。2What does the house really mean to the author?AA house.BA building.CObjects. DMemories.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Of all the objects and all the memories, its this one thing in a home thats the hardest to leave behind”可知，對作者來說這棟房子意味著回憶。3What surprised the friends the author know after work?AFinding the wall repainted.BErasing the fingerprints.CGreeting them by tears.DLeaving the wall unfinished.解析：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over” 可知，令朋友們吃驚的是房屋的墻面又被重新粉刷了。4What is the best title for the text?AGift Made with LoveBBuildings Made by ChildrenCA Very Wonderful PaintingDA Family History解析：選A標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一段可知，這篇文章主要講述了孩子們送給“我”的一份用愛制成的禮物的故事，故A項作本文標(biāo)題最佳。B(2019名校原創(chuàng)預(yù)測卷三)Most couples know you should never go to bed on an argument.But anger wont just harm your relationship it could also ruin your sleep, researchers claim. A study has found those who were angry generally, and struggled to keep their temper (脾氣), slept worse.They are believed to keep themselves awake by thinking over their disappointment and find it harder to achieve the calmness they need to drop_off.There may even be a physical reason, as feelings of anger increase cardiovascular (心血管的) activity, which makes it harder to go to sleep. Psychologists from Iowa State University based their findings on 436 volunteers whose sleep was monitored after they pleted an anger questionnaire.Writing in the Journal of Research in Personality, they state: “These findings add to the growing evidence that being easy to get angry may lead to poor sleep and that anger and sleep are closely connected.”Study participants were asked questions designed to determine if they were quicktempered and became angry easily.They were asked how angrily they would react to specific provocations (挑釁), such as being criticized by others.Finally they were sorted into groups based on how they dealt with anger the “angerin” group, the“angerout” group and the “angercontrol” group.The people who controlled their anger, saying they would “keep my cool” under pressure, got better quality sleep during a week of being tracked.But those who held back their anger, within the “angerin” group, got worse sleep by parison.The study showed those who did not let their anger out by saying “unpleasant things”， but instead chose to “boil inside” still lost out on sleep.Previous research has suggested that people are angry because they lose out on sleep, which makes it harder to hold back negative feelings and creates a vicious circle.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，生氣不僅傷害感情，而且不利于睡眠。5Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined part “drop off” in Paragraph 1?ARelieve anger.BFall asleep.CBehave reasonably. DImprove a relationship.解析：選B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文中的“anger wont just harm your relationship it could also ruin your sleep”、“A study has found those who were angry generally, and struggled to keep their temper (脾氣), slept worse”及第二段的第一句話可知，此處內(nèi)容有關(guān)生氣使人睡眠不佳；研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們反復(fù)地思考讓自己失望的事情會使自己處于清醒的狀態(tài)，并且更難達(dá)到入睡的平靜狀態(tài)。drop off的意思應(yīng)是“打盹兒，小睡”，與fall asleep的意思相近，故選B。6How did psychologists carry out the research?ABy asking volunteers specific questions.BBy designing interesting group activities.CBy recording volunteers daily behaviour.DBy collecting data from previous studies.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Psychologists from Iowa State University based their findings on 436 volunteers whose sleep was monitored after they pleted an anger questionnaire”及第三段中的“Study participants were asked questions designed to determine if they were quicktempered and became angry easily.They were asked how angrily they would react”可知，心理學(xué)家通過問志愿者們特定的問題來展開他們的研究。故選A。7What does the study find?ASleep problems can be avoided by controlling anger.BPoor anger control is associated with sleep shortage.CAnger is not necessarily a negative feeling.DAnger can lead to lowquality sleep.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Writing .anger and sleep are closely connected”可知，憤怒可能會導(dǎo)致低質(zhì)量的睡眠。故選D。8Which would be the best title of the passage?ADealing with anger properly guarantees good sleepBWhen and how people sleep when they are angry?CGoing to bed angry can stop you from sleeping wellDHow are sleep problems and mental disorders linked?解析：選C標(biāo)題歸納題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)帶著怒氣睡覺不利于睡眠。故C項作本文標(biāo)題最佳。C(2019名校原創(chuàng)預(yù)測卷一)The way people walk can provide clues about their personality, claims a new study. The study, carried out by researchers at the University of Portsmouth, found that the exaggerated (夸張的) movement of both the upper and lower body indicated aggression. Using motion capture technology, researchers found that movements reveal certain personalities, such as aggression, agreeableness and outgoingness. The technology is widely used to record the movements of an actor, which are then translated to an animated character on screen. Lead researcher Liam Satchell said, “When one is walking, the body naturally swings a little. An aggressive walk is one where this rotation is exaggerated.” The study also found that personalities that help with social skills such as agreeableness and outgoingness were particularly evident in people with increased pelvis (骨盆) movements alone, or “hip sway”“While little swagger (大搖大擺) and little sway in a walk could indicate a person of great creativity，” Mr Satchell told MailOnline. The study assessed the personalities of 29 participants using a standard personality test called the “Big Five”. Participants were also asked to plete a questionnaire that measured their levels of aggression. Motion capture technology was then used to record how they walked on a running machine at their natural speed. While people may be aware that there is a relationship between swagger and psychology, this is the first research to provide evidence based on experiments that links aggression with the way people walk, say the researchers.“We know of no other examples of research where the walk has been shown to have close connection with selfreported measures of personalities and suggest that more research should be conducted between automatic movements and personalities，” said Mr Satchell. “If CCTV observers could be trained to recognize the aggressive walk shown in this research, their ability to recognize crimes likely to happen very soon could be improved further，” said Mr Satchell.The researchers are keen to carry out additional studies and have called more members of the public to get involved.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：一個人走路的姿勢可以表明他的性格。9What can we know about “motion capture technology”？AIt is specially intended for fastmoving objects.BIt helps to improve actors acting techniques.CIt has been widely used in the field of film.DIt is a kind of exaggerated shooting skill.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“The technology is widely used to record the movements of an actor, which are then translated to an animated character on screen”可知，動作捕捉技術(shù)在電影中應(yīng)用廣泛，該技術(shù)用于捕捉演員的動作，然后再轉(zhuǎn)換為電影屏幕上動畫人物的動作。10People who walk with less overall movements tend to be _.AaggressiveBcreativeCshy Dhonest解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“While little swagger (大搖大擺) and little sway in a walk could indicate a person of great creativity”可知，如果一個人走路時很少大搖大擺，這可能說明這個人有很強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)造力。11What do Mr Satchells words in the last but one paragraph suggest?ATheres a long way to go to carry out such studies.BThe findings will be mainly used to prevent crimes.CThe research result concluded has been put into practice.DNo research proves the relation between aggression and walk now.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“We know of . suggest that more research should be conducted between automatic movements and personalities”及最后一段可推知，Satchell先生的話表明在自發(fā)運動和性格特征之間的關(guān)系上還需要進(jìn)行更多研究。12What is the suitable title for the passage?AThe effects of personality types on peoples walkBA new way of recognizing crimes by ones walkCHow a persons walk indicates his intentionDWhat ones walk says about his personality解析：選D標(biāo)題歸納題。文章開頭就點明主題“The way people walk can provide clues about their personality, claims a new study.”一項研究顯示，走路姿勢可以表明一個人的性格，下文均圍繞該主題展開，故D項適合作文章標(biāo)題。.閱讀七選五How to Say No RespectfullyLike most people, your natural instinct (本能) is probably to help others when you can. _1_ Whether youre declining an invitation to a party or turning down a new project at work, you can say no while still being respectful. Whatever the situation is, be clear, polite and firm when saying no.Express your thanks. _2_ If you have to turn someone down, express your thanks that they thought of you in the first place. You could say something like, “Thanks for considering me responsible enough to watch your kids. Im sorry that Im busy that evening.”Think before you speak. If you say no immediately, it might seem like you didnt even consider the request. In order to be respectful, take a moment to think about your answer even if you already know what it is going to be. _3_Give a clear answer. Saying no respectfully shows that youre honest and direct. _4_ If you cant help, say no. If someone is asking you on a date and you dont want to go, make that clear._5_ You can say no without pletely turning down the request. By setting boundaries, you can make it clear exactly what you can do and what you are willing to do. For example, you could say, “Im not free for dinner, but I would be ing for a quick drink after work.”AFind a way to promise.BTake a pause, and then kindly say no.CBut sometimes, you just need to say no.DIts strange to feel guilty for turning someone down.EMake it clear that you sincerely appreciate being asked.FIf you feel it necessary, you can also provide a reason for your answer.GDo not give people false hope that you will be able to satisfy their request.語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了如何有禮貌地拒絕別人。1解析：選C前面講到“幫助別人可能是人的一種本能”，接下來話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，說到“在有的情形下你可以禮貌地拒絕別人”，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選C項。2解析：選E本段的第一句“表達(dá)你的謝意”為段落主題句，所以空處意在進(jìn)一步解釋說明這一主題，而選項E的意思是“要表達(dá)清楚你很真誠地感激受到邀請”，符合語境，所以選E項。3解析：選B本段首句為段落主題句，意為“在說(不)之前要思考一下”，而B項的意思是“停一下，然后再善意地拒絕”，與此處匹配，所以選B項。4解析：選G由本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講明確答復(fù)對方，有禮貌地拒絕別人表示你是誠實的、直接的。G項“不要給人錯覺，讓別人覺得你可以滿足他的要求”，與本段所表達(dá)的意思相符，所以選G項。5解析：選A根據(jù)下文可知，本段講述的是在拒絕別人的時候，可以留有余地，表達(dá)清楚你能做什么、愿意做什么，而A項的意思是“找到一個折中的辦法”，與本段所表達(dá)的意思相符，所以選A項。