2017年春蘇教版初三年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(共4頁(yè))

精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2017年春蘇教版初三年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式作主語To give is better than to receive.To reach there on foot is impossible.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，可以用it 代替，把實(shí)際主語不定式放在后面。Its better to give than to receive.Its impossible to reach there on foot.Its + adj + for sb. to do sth.Its not difficult for me to study English well.Its easy for him to work out this math problem.在這個(gè)句型中，如果形容詞與不定式的邏輯主語關(guān)系密切，并且形容詞用來說明邏輯主語的性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等，由of引出邏輯主語。這類形容詞主要有nice, kind, good, wrong, right等。八. 動(dòng)詞不定式和疑問詞連用動(dòng)詞不定式可以和疑問詞what, which, how, where, when連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語，可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。How to do is still a question.Have you decided when to leave?九. 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是在to前加not;不帶to的不定式則在動(dòng)詞前加not. 如：Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 張明要我不要整天呆在家里。My mother let me not do it by myself. 媽媽讓我不要獨(dú)自做這件事。被動(dòng)語態(tài)英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)(The Active Voice)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)(The Passive Voice)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。構(gòu)成：承受者+助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：承受者+助動(dòng)詞am / is/are +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者一般過去時(shí)：承受者+助動(dòng)詞was / were +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者承受者+助動(dòng)詞shall / will be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者承受者+助動(dòng)詞 have/ has been+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者被動(dòng)語態(tài)用法：1)當(dāng)我們不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或者沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。2)當(dāng)我們需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。3)如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者, 用by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)有以下幾種情況：1)主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。(主動(dòng))We bought a book yesterday.(被動(dòng))The book was bought yesterday.2)主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語將主動(dòng)語態(tài)中一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。多數(shù)情況下將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。如果直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)，間接賓語前要加介詞to / for。(主動(dòng))He showed me a book yesterday.(被動(dòng))I was showed a book yesterday.(被動(dòng))The book was showed to me yesterday.3)主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語含有一個(gè)由賓語加賓語補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成的復(fù)合賓語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留不變，成為主語補(bǔ)足語。(主動(dòng))I found him a good pupil. (賓語補(bǔ)足語)(被動(dòng))He was found a good pupil. (主語補(bǔ)足語)4)短語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)有些短語動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，其后可以接賓語，因此它們也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但短語動(dòng)詞是不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不可去掉其后面的介詞或副詞。(主動(dòng))We should look after the patients very well.(被動(dòng))The patients should be looked after very well by us.5)賓語從句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)若主動(dòng)語態(tài)中是賓語從句，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在后面。Its said that he passed the exam.被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)特殊問題：(1)不及物動(dòng)詞帶介詞和介詞賓語，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，仍然要帶上介詞。(主動(dòng))The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.(被動(dòng))The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.(2)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語時(shí)，并且賓補(bǔ)是省去“to”的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中應(yīng)加上“to”。(主動(dòng))They make do all the work.(被動(dòng))We were made to do all the work.(主動(dòng))We often hear her sing English songs.(被動(dòng))She is often heard to sing English songs.(主動(dòng))I see him walk to school.(被動(dòng))He is seen to walk to school.專心-專注-專業(yè)