2020【人教版】必修四：Unit 1 Period 3 Grammar 講義含答案

2020學(xué)年人教版英語(yǔ)精品資料Period 3Grammar1.掌握重要詞匯,如look down upon, refer to的用法。2.理解主謂一致的概念,掌握主謂一致的基本原則、分類(lèi)和用法。1.通過(guò)對(duì)教材P88的閱讀,掌握主謂一致的基本規(guī)則和用法。2.通過(guò)本章節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí),在具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中掌握主謂一致并學(xué)以致用。重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. 蔑視;瞧不起2. 查閱;參考;談到重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法主謂一致自我核對(duì)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):1.look down upon / on2.refer to選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空1.Neither you nor your sister (has / have) been working hard.2.Fifteen percent of the students (is / are) absent today.3.One thousand dollars (is / are) a lot of money to such a little child.4.Your brother, as well as his friends,(is / are) very kind to us.5.What he said (is / are) reasonable.6.The class (is / are) the best in the school.7.News (is / are) indispensable to our life.8.The first two questions were easy, but the rest of them (was / were) not.9.The singer and dancer (is / are) welcomed warmly by the local people.10.No teacher and no student (is / are) listening to the lecture.【答案】1.has2.are3.is4.is5.is6.is7.is8.were9.is10.is 1.look down upon 閱讀下列句子,注意look down upon的意思及用法。She looks down upon people whove never been to university.她瞧不起沒(méi)上過(guò)大學(xué)的人。You cant look down upon a person because he is poor.你不能因?yàn)槟硞€(gè)人窮而瞧不起他。通過(guò)觀察以上句子,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)look down upon意思是“”?！敬鸢浮棵镆?瞧不起look on sb / sth as把某人/物看作look on 袖手旁觀look into sth 調(diào)查或?qū)彶槟呈挛飈ook up 查閱(單詞、資料);向上看look (sb) up and down 上下打量(某人)look out for sb / sth警惕或留心某人 / 物look forward to 盼望look through 瀏覽;快速查看.完成句子(1) He was (被人看不起) because he was born in a poor family. (2) He is (被認(rèn)為是) the leading authority on the subject.(3) If you want to know how a word is used, it in a dictionary.(4) The old couple miss their son very much.They are (盼望) his return.(5)Please be patient.The police will (調(diào)查) the accident as soon as possible.【答案】(1)looked down upon(2)looked on as(3)look; up(4)looking forward to(5)look into.單項(xiàng)填空 I dont any student even if he often fails his exams.A.look up toB.look upC.look downD.look down upon【答案與解析】D句意:我不會(huì)瞧不起任何一個(gè)學(xué)生,即使他經(jīng)常考試不及格。look down upon“瞧不起”。2.refer to 閱讀下列句子,注意refer to的意思及用法。These books refer to Asian problems.這些書(shū)涉及亞洲問(wèn)題。 She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking.當(dāng)我們談話時(shí),她以為我指的是她的女兒。Please refer to the dictionary if you dont know how to pronounce the word.如果你不知道這個(gè)單詞如何發(fā)音,請(qǐng)查字典。通過(guò)觀察以上句子,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)refer to意為“”?！敬鸢浮恐傅氖?涉及;查閱get down to 著手做keep to 遵守take to 開(kāi)始從事;沉湎于turn to 求助于lead to導(dǎo)致;引起;通向stick to 堅(jiān)持prefer sth to sth喜歡某事物而不喜歡其他事物完成句子(1)Although she didnt mention any names, everyone knew who she was (指的是).(2)He gave the speech (沒(méi)有參閱) his notes.(3)He likes to (被稱為) “Doctor Khee”.【答案】(1)referring to(2)without referring to(3)be referred to as主謂一致一、主謂一致的概念及基本原則所謂主謂一致就是指在句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須在人稱和數(shù)上與主語(yǔ)保持一致。主謂一致涉及三個(gè)基本原則,即語(yǔ)法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。1.語(yǔ)法一致。語(yǔ)法一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系,主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;反之,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me.我的孩子不想與我一起度假。My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me.我的孩子們不想與我一起度假。2.意義一致。意義一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念,而不取決于表面上的語(yǔ)法標(biāo)記。主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers.唯一對(duì)這本書(shū)感興趣的人好像是律師們。The majority of primary school teachers are women.大多數(shù)小學(xué)老師是女的。主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù),而意義上卻是單數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。No news is good news.沒(méi)有消息就是好消息。Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities.桌球在一些城市里越來(lái)越受歡迎。3.就近一致。就近一致原則是指當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞或代詞組成時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致。There is a square table and some chairs in the center of the dining room.餐廳中央有一張方桌和幾把椅子。Either your students or William knows this.不是你的學(xué)生就是威廉知道這件事。二、并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致1.由and, both.and連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果表示的人或物是不同的,或表示其他不同的觀念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果表示的是同一人或物、同一觀念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Mary and her sister are interested in playing chess.瑪麗和她的妹妹對(duì)下棋感興趣。The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.那位農(nóng)民作家正在會(huì)議室里演講。2.兩個(gè)作主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞由or, not only.but also., either.or., neither.nor.等連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)遵循就近一致原則,與后面那個(gè)主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。Not only the students but also the teacher hasnt come.學(xué)生們和老師都沒(méi)來(lái)。Either he or I am wrong.不是他錯(cuò)就是我錯(cuò)。3.由and連接兩個(gè)表示單數(shù)概念的名詞作主語(yǔ),其主語(yǔ)由every, each, no等詞修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Every boy and every girl was given a ticket.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都得到了一張票。Each hour and each minute is precious.每一小時(shí)每一分鐘都是寶貴的。4.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)的時(shí)候,即使其后有with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, like, besides, but, except, in addition to等詞引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。The manager together with some workers is visiting a foreign factory.經(jīng)理和一些工人在參觀一家外國(guó)工廠。My mother as well as my father has a key to the office.我的母親和我的父親都有辦公室的鑰匙。三、單一名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致1.有些學(xué)科名詞如physics, maths, politics等在形式上雖然是復(fù)數(shù)形式,但其實(shí)質(zhì)意義表示單數(shù)概念。它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Physics is my favorite subject.物理是我最喜愛(ài)的學(xué)科。2.動(dòng)名詞、不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)也用單數(shù)形式。Learning English is not very difficult as long as you work hard.只要你努力學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)英語(yǔ)不是很難。To do experiment is a good way to find out answers to questions.做實(shí)驗(yàn)是找出問(wèn)題答案的好辦法。3.有些集體名詞如class, family, team等既可以表示單數(shù),又可以表示復(fù)數(shù)。這類(lèi)集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果它們所表示的人或物是作一個(gè)整體來(lái)理解,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果作為若干個(gè)體來(lái)理解,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Jacks family is a big one.杰克的家庭是個(gè)大家庭。My family are watching TV.我的家人在看電視。四、其他情況的主謂一致1.“the +形容詞”表一類(lèi)人或物,當(dāng)它表示一類(lèi)人時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,當(dāng)它表示個(gè)別的或抽象的概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。The sick are taken good care of in this hospital.病人們?cè)谶@家醫(yī)院得到很好的照顧。The beautiful is loved by everyone.美的東西人人喜愛(ài)。2.在“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞+動(dòng)詞”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。One of the men doctors is visiting the patient.其中一位男醫(yī)生正在看望那個(gè)病人。3.none of后面如果連的是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果后面接的是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù)。None of my friends have / has arrived yet.我的朋友們都還沒(méi)有到達(dá)。4.number of前加a表示“許多的;大量的”,其后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。number of前加the表示數(shù)量、數(shù)目,其后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。A number of scientists are invited to attend the conference.許多科學(xué)家獲邀參加這次會(huì)議。The number of wild animals is becoming smaller and smaller now.現(xiàn)在野生動(dòng)物的數(shù)量正在變得越來(lái)越小。5.在“there be +并列主語(yǔ)”這一句型中,一般情況下謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇遵循就近一致原則,與最近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。There is a book and two pens on the desk.課桌上有一本書(shū)和兩支鋼筆。6.“many a / more than one +單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！癿ore than two (three.) +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,意為“兩個(gè)(三個(gè))以上”。Many a boy is playing basketball on the playground.許多男孩在操場(chǎng)上打籃球。More than two children are naughty in my class.在我班,不止兩個(gè)孩子很淘氣。7.主語(yǔ)為表示距離、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值、金額、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Two miles is too far for the old man.兩英里對(duì)這位老人來(lái)說(shuō)太遠(yuǎn)了。Three years has passed.三年過(guò)去了。8.定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞的數(shù)決定;若先行詞是“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”,用復(fù)數(shù)形式,若是“the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”,用單數(shù)形式。I, who am old, have never seen such a thing.我雖年老了,卻從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣的事。He is one of the students who come from England.他是來(lái)自英國(guó)的學(xué)生之一。He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well.他是我們班唯一英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好的男生。9.“a lot of / lots of / plenty of / a large quantity of +名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與名詞的數(shù)一致,但“(large / huge)quantities / amounts of +名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。A large quantity of people need our help.許多人需要我們的幫助。Quantities of clothes have been bought for the children.已經(jīng)為孩子們買(mǎi)了大量的衣服。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子(1)The public(be) the best judge because the public always(express) their thoughts correctly.(2)Mr Smith together with his wife and two daughters(be) going to visit China next week.(3)None of these books (be) easy enough for us.(4)Ten dollars(be) what he wanted most at that moment.(5)Canada is the only one of the countries that (have) good supply of fresh water.(6)The rich(be) not always happy.(7)Our team(be) all playing very hard during the whole match.(8)A cart and horse(be) seen in the distance.(9)Large quantities of oil(be) found under the ground in that area.(10)The number of students in the university(rise) by 6% every year.【答案】(1)is; express(2)is(3)are / is(4)was(5)has(6)are(7)were(8)was(9)are(10)rises選詞填空enjoy; refer; be; support; know; hold; have; cover; watch; look1.The man that Tom often to is to hand out the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.2.In the year 2012 the Olympic Games in London.3.Stories of the Long March popular with the young people.4. either of your parents come to see you recently?5.The whole family TV attentively at the moment.6.Seventy-five percent of the earths surface with water.7.Neither my classmates nor my teacher down upon the poor students.8.Many a student something about Abraham Lincoln.9.Every one, men and women, old and young sports and games.10.Nobody but Jane her best friend.【答案】1.refers2.were held3.are4.Has5.are watching6.is covered7.looks8.knows9.enjoys10.supports / supported溫馨貼士本課時(shí)的核心部分為“主謂一致”,知識(shí)要點(diǎn)圖解如下: