【高中英語語法】倒裝

倒裝倒裝Sentence inversion1.1.全部倒裝全部倒裝 2.2.部分倒裝部分倒裝 3.3.其他倒裝其他倒裝 I. 倒裝句之全部倒裝倒裝句之全部倒裝全部倒裝是只將句子中的全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。常見的結(jié)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：構(gòu)有：1. here, there, now, then, thus等副詞等副詞置于句首置于句首, 謂語動(dòng)詞常用謂語動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示來去或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞等表示來去或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如：如： Then came the chairman. 那時(shí)總裁來了。 Here is your letter. 你的信。The chairman came then.Your letter is here. 車來了.Here comes a bus.2） 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向方向的的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語動(dòng)詞常用置于句首，謂語動(dòng)詞常用表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞, 如：如： 前面坐著一個(gè)小男孩。Ahead sat an little boy. A missile rushed out from under the bomber. 轟炸機(jī)肚底下竄出一枚導(dǎo)彈。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.注意：注意： 上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如： Here he comes. (Here comes a boy.) Away they went. 他們走開了。(Away went the dogs.) Here we are. (Here are the teachers.)II. 倒裝句之部分倒裝倒裝句之部分倒裝部分倒裝是指將部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語之倒裝至主語之前。如果句子的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或前。如果句子的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, do, doesdoes或或diddid，并將其置于主語之前。，并將其置于主語之前。1. 句首為否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, few, at no time, in no way, not until 等。例如： Never have I seen such a performance. Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。 I have never seen such a performance. The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母親一直到孩子入睡后才離開房間。當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。 2. 以否定詞開頭的否定詞組作部分倒裝 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than等, 例如： Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. （No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. ）注意：注意： 只有當(dāng)Not only but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，如 Not only you but also I am fond of music。3. so, neither, nor作部分倒裝 用這些詞表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒裝。例如： Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 湯姆會(huì)講法語，杰克也會(huì)。 If you wont go, neither will I.你不去，我也不去。注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為的確如此。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. - Its raining hard. - So it is. 4. only 在句首倒裝的情況。例如： Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才來參加會(huì)議. 只有用這種方法，你才能學(xué)好英語。Only in this way _. 只有通過多做練習(xí)，你才能學(xué)好英語。Only by doing more exercises can you learn English well. can you learn English well如果句子為，即only引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得重時(shí)，他才臥床休息。5. As (though) 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 as 引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語（形容詞, 分詞, 名詞）。但需注意：句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。 盡管她還是個(gè)小女孩，她卻懂得很多。Although she is a little girl, she knows a lot.Little girl as she is , she knows a lot. 盡管任務(wù)艱巨，他們?nèi)栽O(shè)法按時(shí)完成了。 Difficult as the task was, they managed to accomplish it in time. =Though the work was difficult, it was finished in time. 典型例題：典型例題：1. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realizeC. I didnt realizeD. I realize2. - Do you know Tom bought a new car?- I dont know, _.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also BB3. Not until the early years of the 19th century what heat is.A. man did know B. man knowC. didnt man know D. did man knowD4. Why cant I smoke here?At no time in the meeting-roomis smoking permittedsmoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permitA5. No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game beganB . has the game begunC. did the game beginD . had the game begunDIII.其他部分倒裝其他部分倒裝 1） so that 句型中的so 位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。例如：So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，動(dòng)也不敢動(dòng)。2） 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如：May you all be happy. 愿你們都快樂。 3） 在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動(dòng)詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。例如： 如果我那時(shí)聽了課的話 (attend the lecture)，現(xiàn)在就能做出這道題了。 Had I attended the lecture then, I could work out the problem now. 我要是你的話，就再試一次。Were I you, I would try it again.