廣東學(xué)導(dǎo)練八年級(jí)英語上冊(cè) Module 2 Unit 4 Inventions課件 （新版）牛津深圳版

UNIT 4 INVENTIONSModule 2 Science and technology自自 主主 預(yù)預(yù) 習(xí)習(xí)一、根據(jù)漢語寫出英文單詞一、根據(jù)漢語寫出英文單詞 1. 廣告 (n.) _2. 滑稽的；好笑的 (adj.) _3. 創(chuàng)造;創(chuàng)作 (v.) _ 4. 電話；電話機(jī) (n.) _5. 使人舒服的；舒適的 ( adj.) _6. 世紀(jì) (n.) _7. 乘客；旅客 (n.) _8. 發(fā)明；創(chuàng)造 (v.) _advertisementfunnycreatetelephonecomfortablecenturypassengerinvent9. 有用的；適用的 (adj.) _10. 距離；間距 (n.) _11. 在任何時(shí)候；隨便什么時(shí)候 (adv.) _12. 開發(fā)；研制 (v.) _13. 白天；日間 (n.) _14. 引言 (n.) _15. 特殊的；特別的(adj.) _16. 從以后；自以來(prep.) _practicaldistanceanytimedevelopdaytimeintroductionspecialsince二、根據(jù)漢語寫出下列詞組二、根據(jù)漢語寫出下列詞組1. 與保持聯(lián)系 _ 2. 在白天 _3. 同時(shí) _ 4. 自那以來 _5. 使不接近（或遠(yuǎn)離） _6. 代替；作為的替代 _7. 搞成一團(tuán)糟 _ 8. 指代 _keep in touch within the daytimeat the same timesince thenkeepoffinstead ofmake a messrefer to9. 過更好的生活 _10. 允許某人做某事 _11. 許多說英語的國(guó)家_12. 想象做某事 _ live a better lifeallow sb. to do sth.many English-speaking countriesimagine doing sth.三、根據(jù)漢語補(bǔ)全下列句子，每空一詞三、根據(jù)漢語補(bǔ)全下列句子，每空一詞 1. 二十世紀(jì)初，汽車開始受歡迎。 _ _ _ _ the 20th century, cars become popular. 2. 它們使得人們可以隨時(shí)隨地互相聯(lián)系。They allow people _ _ _ _ _ each other anytime, anywhere. 3. 托馬斯愛迪生在1879年研制出第一個(gè)有用的燈泡。Thomas Edison developed the first _ _ _ in 1879. Atthestartoftokeepintouchwithpracticallightbulb4. 有了燈泡，人們可以像白天一樣在晚上做很多事情。With light bulbs, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can _ _ _ . 5. 有了這種眼鏡，你可以同時(shí)看你的后面和前面。_ _ _ _ _, you can look behind and in front of you at the same time. inthedaytimeWiththispairofglasses6. 自那以來，人們已經(jīng)能夠互相遠(yuǎn)距離談話。 Since then, people have been able to speak to each other _ _ _. 7. 誰的家離學(xué)校最遠(yuǎn)？ Whose home is _ _ _ _ school?8. 如果你喊“飛行”，這輛小汽車會(huì)在30秒后變成一架飛機(jī)。If you shout “fly”, the car will _ _a plane in 30 seconds. long distancesthefromfarthestawayturnintoover9. 墨水也不容易干，有時(shí)在紙上弄得一團(tuán)糟。The ink also did not dry easily, and it sometimes _ _ _ on the paper. 10. 孔明燈導(dǎo)致了熱氣球的發(fā)明。 The Kongming Lantern _ _ _ _ _ the hot-air balloon. a messled inventiontotheofmade要要 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 梳梳 理理【詞匯精析詞匯精析】【1】advertisement n. an announcement in a newspaper, on television, or on a poster about something such as a product, event, or job 廣告廣告Advertisement is often used to push the sale. 廣告常常被用作商品促銷的手段?！就~】advertise v. 為做廣告The company advertised goods for sale. 這家公司為推銷產(chǎn)品而做廣告?！颈嫖觥縜dvertisement與advertising（1）advertisement指廣告本身，比如報(bào)紙上、電視里看到的廣告實(shí)體。（2）advertising指的是做廣告這件事。You can post the advertisement of your products in newspapers. 你們可以把產(chǎn)品的廣告刊登在報(bào)紙上。We should consider investing more on advertising. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮增加廣告的投入?！緫?yīng)用】(1) _(advertise) can be made in many ways.(2) ( )How many ways of _ are mentioned in the meeting? A. advertiseB. advertiserC. advertisingAdvertisementsC【2】funny adj. something is amusing and likely to make you smile or laugh 滑稽的；好笑的滑稽的；好笑的funny的比較級(jí)是 funnier，其最高級(jí)是 funniest。The little boy looks very funny when he knots his eyebrows. 那個(gè)小男孩皺著眉頭的樣子很有趣。 【同根詞】（1）fun n. 樂趣；玩笑；有趣的人或事It could be fun to watch them. 看它們會(huì)是有趣的。（2）funnily adv. 有趣地；滑稽地He rolled off his horse so ignobly and funnily that even the ambassador was fain to burst out. 他狼狽而可笑地從馬上滾翻下來，甚至使得大使也不由得放聲大笑?！就卣埂浚?）have fun=enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得開心Wish you have fun learning English this term. 希望這學(xué)期你們能享受到學(xué)習(xí)英語的樂趣。（2）make fun of=play tricks on=laugh at開某人玩笑；取笑某人Dont make fun of the disabled! 不要戲弄?dú)埣踩?【應(yīng)用】 （1）Ill tell you a _（funny） story than Lucys.（2）Making_（funny）of others is impolite.funnierfun 【3】create v. to cause something exist；make 創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)作創(chuàng)作 create的過去式為created，過去分詞為created，現(xiàn)在分詞為creating。You can create a website for your organization. 你可以為你們的組織創(chuàng)建一個(gè)網(wǎng)站?！就~】（1）creation n. 創(chuàng)造物The bathroom is entirely my own creation. 這個(gè)浴室完全是我個(gè)人的創(chuàng)作。（2）creative adj.有創(chuàng)造力的Like so many creative people, he was never satisfied. 正如許多有創(chuàng)造力的人一樣，他永不滿足?！颈嫖觥縞reate, invent, make, produce與design（1）create：指有目的地把原材料制成新產(chǎn)品,也指創(chuàng)造出原來不存在的或與眾不同的事物。（2）invent：主要用于科技領(lǐng)域，指通過思考、研究或?qū)嶒?yàn)制造出新的前所未有的且極為有用的東西。（3）make：為最普通用詞，指任何東西的創(chuàng)作或制造。（4）produce：指產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)，或作品創(chuàng)作的完成。（5）design：多指藝術(shù)上的創(chuàng)作?！緫?yīng)用】( )The dish was _by our chef Jean Richard. A. producedB. invented C. createdC【4】comfortable adj. feel relaxed because of the place or position 使人舒服的；舒適的使人舒服的；舒適的 comfortable的比較級(jí)是more comfortable，其最高級(jí)是 (the) most comfortable。She lives a happy and comfortable life. 她過著幸福而舒適的生活?！就~】（1）comfortableness n. 舒適（2）comfortably adv. 舒服地（3）comfort n. 舒適；安逸v. 安慰；使舒適Thank you for your letter to comfort me. 謝謝你來信安慰我?！就卣埂縝e comfortable with 對(duì)滿意Choose some words and repeat them over and over again until you are comfortable with them.挑選一些單詞，一遍遍重復(fù)讀這些單詞，直到你讀得順口為止。 【應(yīng)用】The car is _ (comfort) than that one.more comfortable【5】century n. a hundred years 世紀(jì)（復(fù)數(shù)：世紀(jì)（復(fù)數(shù)：centuries） She worked at 20th Century Fox as a film editor. 她在20世紀(jì)?？怂构緭?dān)任電影剪輯師?！就~】 centurial adj. 世紀(jì)的【拓展】常用短語：live out a century 活過一個(gè)世紀(jì)；活過百歲half a century 半個(gè)世紀(jì)last century 上一個(gè)世紀(jì) modern century 當(dāng)代；本世紀(jì)next century 下世紀(jì)present century 本世紀(jì)previous century 前一個(gè)世紀(jì)fromcentury tocentury 從世紀(jì)至世紀(jì)in thecentury 在世紀(jì)over(through) the centuries 經(jīng)過若干個(gè)世紀(jì)【應(yīng)用】Some have called him the greatest entertainer two_（century）ago. centuries 【6】invent v. to think of and make something that has never been made before by anyone 發(fā)明；創(chuàng)造發(fā)明；創(chuàng)造I dont know who invented the television.我不知道電視是誰發(fā)明的?！就~】（1）inventor n. 發(fā)明家Thomas Edison is a great American inventor. 托馬斯愛迪生是一位偉大的美國(guó)發(fā)明家。（2）invention n. 發(fā)明Fax machines were a wonderful invention at that time. 傳真機(jī)在那時(shí)是一項(xiàng)了不起的發(fā)明。【辨析】invent與discover(1)invent 強(qiáng)調(diào)通過研究，制造出以前沒有的東西。Thomas Edison invented the practical light bulb.托馬斯愛迪生發(fā)明了實(shí)用的燈泡。(2)discover 指發(fā)現(xiàn)本來存在但沒人知道的事物。The police are trying to discover the identity of the killer. 警方正努力調(diào)查殺人兇手的身份?！緫?yīng)用】( )She _ that they had escaped. A. discover B. invented C. discoveredC【7】practical adj. able to be used in everyday activities and experiences; useful 有用的；適用的有用的；適用的 Your invention is very practical. 你的發(fā)明很實(shí)用。【同根詞】（1）practise v. 意為“練習(xí)；實(shí)踐”，后面接doing sth.She practised playing the piano in the primary school basement. 她在小學(xué)的地下室里練習(xí)彈鋼琴。（2）practice n. 意為“練習(xí)；實(shí)踐”。She was taking her daughter to basketball practice every day. 她那時(shí)每天帶她的女兒去進(jìn)行籃球訓(xùn)練?！緫?yīng)用】 _ (practice) experience is often very important.【8】distance n. size of the gap between two places 距離；間距距離；間距 There is a long distance from his home town to his new home.從他的家鄉(xiāng)到他的新家距離很遠(yuǎn)?！就~】distant adj. 遙遠(yuǎn)的；冷漠的The foreign visitors came from a distant country. 這些外國(guó)游客來自一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的國(guó)家。Practical 【拓展】 from a distance 從遠(yuǎn)方at a distance 隔一段距離; 距離稍遠(yuǎn)一些in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處【應(yīng)用】A smile is the shortest _ (distance) between two people.distance【9】develop v. to design and produce something 開發(fā)，研制；開發(fā)，研制；grow or change over a period of time 發(fā)展發(fā)展 Will they develop their own machines?他們是否將開發(fā)出自己的機(jī)器呢？Its hard to say at this stage how the market will develop.在現(xiàn)階段很難說市場(chǎng)會(huì)如何發(fā)展?！就~】（1）development n. 發(fā)展 Development of new energy takes time.開發(fā)新能源需要時(shí)間。（2）developing adj. 發(fā)展中的In the developing world， cigarette consumption is increasing. 在發(fā)展中國(guó)家，香煙的消費(fèi)量正在上升。（3）undeveloped adj. 未開發(fā)的；不發(fā)達(dá)的Most cities of this country are undeveloped. 這個(gè)國(guó)家的大多數(shù)城市都是不發(fā)達(dá)的。 【應(yīng)用】( )America is one of the most _countries in the world.A. developB. developing C. developed【10】introduction n. the part that comes at the beginning and tells you what the rest of the book or talk is about 引言引言There are introductions in most books.大多數(shù)書籍都帶有引言。C【同根詞】introduce v. 介紹I would like to introduce myself to everyone.我想向大家介紹一下自己?！颈嫖觥縤ntroduction to與introduction of(1)introduction to表示向什么人作介紹。I want to make a simple introduction to all of you.我想向大家作一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的介紹。(2)introduction of 表示關(guān)于什么的介紹。I want to make an introduction of this kind of music. 我想向大家介紹這類音樂。【應(yīng)用】( )Thank you for your _ to your hotel.A. introduct B. introduction C. introduce B【11】since then=from then on自那以來自那以來He has written more than 10 books since then.從那時(shí)候開始他寫了十多本書。【辨析】after that與since then(1)after that表示在過去的某一件事以后，情況或者動(dòng)作并不延續(xù)到說話時(shí)，因此句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用一般過去時(shí)。After that he never passed any test.從那以后他任何考試都從未及格過。(2)since then表示從過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)開始延續(xù)至說話時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)到目前為止一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者保持的狀態(tài)，所以句中謂語動(dòng)詞一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或者現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。I have been working hard since then.自那以來我一直努力工作?！緫?yīng)用】( )He came to China in 2008, and he hasnt gone back to his country again _.A. since B. since then C. after that B【12】keep in touch with=communicate with與與保持聯(lián)系保持聯(lián)系We must keep in touch with each other. 我們要互相保持聯(lián)系。【辨析】keep in touch with, be in touch with與get in touch with(1)keep in touch with與be in touch with 相似，都是強(qiáng)調(diào)一種狀態(tài)。Some classmates keep/are in touch with me all the time.一些同學(xué)一直和我保持著聯(lián)系。(2)get in touch with 指的是“與取得聯(lián)系”,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。I cant get in touch with my old friends after my cell phone was stolen.手機(jī)被盜后，我就無法與老朋友取得聯(lián)系了?！緫?yīng)用】( )I hope that well _our neighbours after we move away. A. keep in touch with B. keep up with C. keep well with A【13】keepoff=stay/keep away from使使不接近不接近（或不接觸、遠(yuǎn)離）（或不接觸、遠(yuǎn)離）Keep off the wall，the paint is still wet. 別靠近那堵墻，上面的油漆還沒干。【拓展】keep的常用詞組：keep to 沿著走 keep in mind記??；放在心里keep up with跟上；不落后于 keep away from （使）遠(yuǎn)離；不接近keep ones head保持鎮(zhèn)靜 keep in touch with與保持聯(lián)系【應(yīng)用】( )We can often see the notice “ the grass” in the park. A. Keep up B. Keep out C. Keep off C【14】at the same time=in the meantime= at one time=meanwhile同時(shí)同時(shí)Dont all speak at the same time大家不要同時(shí)說話?！就卣埂?1) at the same time 在句中相當(dāng)于副詞時(shí)，意為“同一時(shí)間”，與meanwhile可互換使用。I am the best student in our school, at the same time/meanwhile, I am also the president of the Student Union.我是我們學(xué)校最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，同時(shí)，我也是學(xué)生會(huì)的主席。(2) at the same time在句中相當(dāng)于連詞時(shí)，意為“并且”，與besides意思相近。Besides/At the same time, I want you to promise me one thing.此外,我要你答應(yīng)我一件事。【應(yīng)用】( )Swimming is good for our health, but _ the same time, we mustnt forget the danger. A. in B. at C. on B【15】instead of =in place of代替；作為代替；作為的替換的替換She has come instead of her younger brother. 她代替她的弟弟過來了?！颈嫖觥縤nstead of與instead(1)instead of 是介詞短語，后面接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。I like reading instead of watching TV on weekends. 周末我喜歡看書，而不是看電視。(2)instead 是副詞，常用于連接句子。He is ill. Lets do it instead. 他生病了，讓我們代他做吧。( )The old man is working on the farm. His son goes to meet the foreigner _ him.A. as well as B. instead C. instead of C語語 法法 聚聚 焦焦【語法精講語法精講】一、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的形式變化一、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的形式變化1. 規(guī)則變化：?jiǎn)我艄?jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞，在詞尾加-er 或-est。大部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在其前面加 more 或 most。2. good, bad, far等詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)屬于不規(guī)則變化，其變化如下： good/wellbetter(the) bestbad/illworse(the) worstfarfarther/further(the) farthest/furthest 二、關(guān)于二、關(guān)于(not) asas的用法的用法1. 基本用法（1） asas意為“和一樣”，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as+adj./adv.+as，注意中間插入的是形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，表示同級(jí)的比較。使用時(shí)要注意第一個(gè)as為副詞，第二個(gè)as為連詞。如：This film is as interesting as that one.這部電影和那部電影一樣有趣。 （2） 其否定式為not as/so+adj./adv.+as，意為“不如一樣”。如：This tool is not as/so useful as you think.這種工具不如你認(rèn)為的那樣有用。（3） 用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞作修飾語，如twice, three times, half, a quarter等，須放在第一個(gè)as之前。如：Your flat is twice as expensive as mine.你的公寓是我的兩倍貴。 (4) 當(dāng)asas中間有名詞時(shí)要用以下格式:as+形容詞+a+單數(shù)名詞+as 如：This is as good a hotel as the others. 這個(gè)酒店和其他的一樣好。as+many/much+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+as 如：I can eat as much food as you can. 我可以吃下跟你一樣多的東西。2. 習(xí)慣用法（1）as soon as意為“一就”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。如：Ill call you as soon as I finish my homework. 我一完成功課，就會(huì)給你打電話。（2）as long as意為“長(zhǎng)達(dá)之久；只要”。如：She has played the computer games on the Internet as long as four hours. 她在因特網(wǎng)上玩游戲已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)達(dá)四個(gè)小時(shí)了。（3）as much as意為“高達(dá)；與一樣多”，用來表達(dá)極其多的語氣。如：Some of the stamps worth as much as one million yuan.有些郵票價(jià)值百萬。 3. asas的常見句型的常見句型（1）asas possible意為“盡可能”。如：Please call me back as soon as possible. 請(qǐng)盡快給我回電話。 （2）as well as意為“也；和一樣”。如：She sings as well as her mother does.她歌唱得跟她母親一樣好。（3）as long as 意為“長(zhǎng)達(dá)之久；只要(引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句)”。如： It took him as long as ten years to finish the painting. 他花了長(zhǎng)達(dá)十年的時(shí)間才完成這幅畫的創(chuàng)作。 As long as there is life, there is hope.留得生命在，不怕沒希望。（4）as far as 意為“就(而論)；盡；至于(表示程度或范圍)”。如：Well help you as far as is possible. 我們會(huì)盡可能幫你?！局睋糁锌贾睋糁锌肌? )1. Bob knows how to cut the cost of the project. Im sure he can do the work with _ money and _ people. （2015廣東）A. less; less B. fewer; more C. more; fewer D. less; fewer D( )2. What do you think of the film So Young directed by Zhao Wei? Wonderful. I think its _ than the other films about youth in recent years.（2013廣東） A. the best B. the worst C. much better D. much worseC( )3. Do you like this movie？Yes，its the _ one Ive ever seen（2012廣東）A. better Bbest Cgood Dwell( )4. Roy thinks he works as _ as his friend, Dan. （2015南充）A. hardly B. harder C. hard D. more hardlyBC( )5. Write _ and try not to make any mistakes. （2014龍東）A. as carefully as you can B. as careful as possible C. more careful ( )6. Henry, please call us as soon as you _ Hawaii. OK. Ill do that, Mom. （2014龍東）A. arrive in B. are arriving in C. will arrive atAA【寫作樂園寫作樂園】話題四話題四 網(wǎng)上購物網(wǎng)上購物【常用詞組常用詞組】1. check the product 檢查商品2. the online bank 網(wǎng)上銀行3. be open 24 hours 24小時(shí)營(yíng)業(yè)4. steal the personal information 竊取個(gè)人信息5. provide all kinds of choices 提供各種選擇6. traditional shopping 傳統(tǒng)的購物方式7. with ones own eyes 親眼看8. pay online 網(wǎng)上付款9. make good use of 很好地利用【精彩句型精彩句型】1. The popularity of the Internet makes our life more and more convenient.網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及使得我們的生活越來越便捷。2. Nowadays, the online shopping has become a fashion way of shopping.現(xiàn)在，網(wǎng)上購物已經(jīng)成為一種時(shí)尚的購物方式。3. Online shopping is becoming more and more popular, but different people have different opinions.網(wǎng)上購物正變得越來越流行， 但不同人持不同觀點(diǎn)。4. Online shopping is welcomed by most people due to various reasons. 基于多種原因，網(wǎng)上購物受到大部分人的歡迎。5. Shopping on the Internet has a lot of advantages. 網(wǎng)上購物有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。【短文寫作短文寫作】 時(shí)下，網(wǎng)上購物已風(fēng)靡全國(guó)，通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)幾乎可以買到你想要的一切物品，而中國(guó)網(wǎng)民的網(wǎng)上購物熱情節(jié)節(jié)高漲。據(jù)官方統(tǒng)計(jì)，天貓(中國(guó)某大型購物網(wǎng)站)2015年“雙十一”網(wǎng)購節(jié)“開場(chǎng)1分鐘，成交額破10億元；第12分鐘突破100億元”你或你身邊的親戚朋友應(yīng)該或多或少都經(jīng)歷過網(wǎng)上購物。請(qǐng)以“Shopping online”為題寫一篇短文，談?wù)勀銓?duì)網(wǎng)上購物的利與弊的認(rèn)識(shí)。 要求：語意連貫，條理清晰，不少于70詞。Shopping online_【寫作指導(dǎo)寫作指導(dǎo)】此篇作文為半提示性的命題作文，主要內(nèi)容是就網(wǎng)上購物的利與弊來寫一篇議論文。 在寫作過程中要明確以下幾點(diǎn)： (1)若是從自己的角度談?wù)?，可以用第一人稱；若是從對(duì)方的角度談?wù)?，可以用第二人稱。(2)時(shí)態(tài)選用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，先介紹網(wǎng)購的背景，之后提出優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，最后總結(jié)自己的看法和觀點(diǎn)。(3) 為增加文章的可讀性，可適當(dāng)使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞和復(fù)合句?！痉段馁p析范文賞析】Shopping online Online shopping is a new way of shopping. It has a lot of advantages. First, online shopping is fast and convenient, so you can save a lot of time. Second, you can buy cheaper products. Besides, you can shop whenever you like because the online shops are open 24 hours a day. But on the other hand, it has some disadvantages. For example, while shopping, we cant check the goods by ourselves, so we dont know whether the quality of the goods is good or bad. Whats worse, it is not safe to pay online. In my opinion, we should learn how to make good use of the Internet resources but we must think twice before we decide to buy goods on the Internet.