高中英語必修5 unit1 Great scients 課件人教版

UNIT 1Great scientists WORD STUDY ( P 92) Pair workRead the new words aloud on page 92, and pay attention to the pronunciation. n. v. adj.infectionexamination=examscience , scientistconcludeanalysis defeatvalue Use the correct form of the words in this unit to fill in the chart.infectionexaminationscience, scientist concludeanalysis defeatvalueinfectinfectiousexaminescientificconclusionanalysedefeatvaluevaluableanalyticalGo to No.7Go to No.7 n. v. adj.instructor,instructioncontribution,contributorcontributivecreatecalculatemovecompletionenthusiasm instructinstructivecontributecreationcreativecalculation movementmovablecompletecomplete enthusiasticMatch the words and their definitions.a. Examine b. repeatc. theoryd. immediatelye. completef. valuableg. announceh. control i. positivej. Conclude 1.general principles of an art or science2. Say or do again3. At once ; without delay4. Look at carefully in order to learn about or from5. Of great value, woth or use6. Having all its parts; whole; finished7. Make known8. Come or bring to an end9. Power to order or direct10. Quite certain or sure PERIOD 1 WARMING UPUnit 1 Great ScientistsGUESSING Our school will hold an exhibition of some famous scientists around the world. Whom do you think we will choose? Listen to my description and guess.ArchimedesHe lived in Ancient GreeceHe discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force.The force helps them float.This theory helped him solve the problem raised by the king.He once said, “give me a place to stand on, and I can move the earth.”Charles DarwinHe was born in 1808, in Britain.He wrote a famous book which changed the way we think about our lives.At that time people thought all living things were perfect, so they would never need to change.He put forward his theory that animals and plants developed as the environment changed.Thomas NewcomenMarie CurieStephen HawkingZhang zhengNow its your turn to choose one and introduce. Gregor Mendel, Czech (1822- 1884) He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity(遺遺傳學(xué)傳學(xué)) and inherited (繼承繼承,承傳承傳) characteristics. He concentrated (集中精力集中精力) on cross-fertilizing (施肥施肥) pea plants and analyzing the results. Between1856- 1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants. He examined seven kinds of seed and plant characteristics and developed some laws of inheritance (承傳的規(guī)承傳的規(guī)則則). The first is that inheritance factors do not combine but are passed to the next generation intact (完整的完整的). Second, he found that each partner gives half the inherited factors to the young. Thomas Edison (1847-1931) an American inventorThomas EdisonThe Inventions of Thomas Edison Phonograph 留聲機(jī)留聲機(jī)LightbulbMotion PicturesLast SupperMona LisaLeonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Italian artistSir Humphry Davy (1778-1829)BritishMiniature Miners Safety Lamp Stephen Hawking (1942-) the greatest physicist in the worldReading Pre-reading 1. What five most important qualities do you think a scientist should have? . careful clever strict patient creative strong-willed honest serious intelligent humorous ambitious generous 2. What do you know about infectious diseases? What do you know about cholera? Infectious diseases can be spread to other people. They have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them. Cholera is an infectious and often deadly disease causing severe diarrhoea(腹瀉腹瀉) and vomiting (嘔嘔吐吐), common in hot countries.PREDICTING:Read the title “John Snow Defeats King Cholera” and look at the pictures, then guess what the passage may be about. A. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. B. The cause of Cholera was polluted water. C. The source of all drinking water should be examined. D. How John Snow collected, analyzed data to find the cause of the disease and solved it.DPredict the right answer.I. SKIMMING:1.Do you know what was this map used for in 1854?Finding out the cause of Cholera.Reading2. READ AND DO THE TRUE OR FALSE QUESTIONS. 1. Cholera was the most deadly disease of its day. 2. John Snow attended Queen Elizabeth I to ease the birth of her babies. 3. John Snow got no interest in two theories explaining how cholera killed people. 4. In 1854, the cholera outbreak was so severe that 500 people had died in 10 days. 5. John Snow found that the polluted water was the cause of the cholera.TTFFFWhat happened in 1854?How many people died in 10 days?Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?II. Scanning:A cholera outbreak hit London.500These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.III. FURTHER READING 1.READ AND ANSWER1 Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by _. A. gathering information with the help of a map B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street C. Separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D. Both A and B4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do?1 Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?2 Which theory did John Snow believe in?Neither its cause, not its cure was understood.People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by _. A. gathering information with the help of a map B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street C. separating those who suffered cholera from those who didnt D. both A and B4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do? Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examine. Suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. Instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore. IV. Comprehending Read the passage again and finish Ex.1(Page 3). Scientific Report by John Snow The problem Nobody know the cause of the serious disease of cholera. The cause Idea 1: strange cloud in the air that attacked victims Idea 2: people absorbed the disease with their meals. The method Collect data from the next cholera attack to test theories. Try to prove which method was correct. The results He found that the cause of cholera was the polluted water. Idea 1 or 2? Why? Idea 2 because the data showed a connection with the water. The conclusion John Snow was able to defeat cholera once its cause was known. Stages of John Snows Research Paragraph 1. Find a problem What causes cholera? Paagraph 2. Make up a question Which theory is correct? Paragraph 3. Think of a method and Collect results Collect data on those who were ill or died and where they got their water. Plot(標(biāo)出標(biāo)出)information on a map to find out where people died or did not die. Paragraph 4. Analyse the results Analyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illness. Paragraph 5. Repeat if necessary Find other evidence to confirm the conclusion. Paragraph 6 Draw a conclusion The water is to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined so that it is safe.1).What should you do if youre traveling to a country that has a cholera outbreak according to Snows theory?2.) What spirit can we find in John Snow? As a student, what should we learn from him?Careful, kind, brave, responsible, devoted to his careerV. Discussion John Snow was a _ doctor in London. In his time, cholera was the most deadly disease. Every time there was a (an) _, many people died of the disease. John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to help solve this problem. He knew it would never be _until its cause was found. At that time, there were two _about cholera. The first suggested that cholera_ in the air without reason. The second suggested that people _ this disease into their bodies with their meals. John Snow determined to find out why. well-knownoutbreakcontrolledtheoriesmultipliedabsorbed He believed in the second theory but needed to prove he was correct. So he_ data to test the two theories. He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and the map gave a _ clue about the cause of the disease. It seemed the water was to _. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these streets. With enough evidence, he announced with_ that polluted water carried the disease of cholera. (176 words)(176 words)collectedmarkedvaluableblamecertaintyLanguage points of warming up1.Lift sth. / sb. up 提起,舉起,抬高2. explain sth. To sb. 向某人解釋某事3.pass.from從.處傳來 pass by 路過,經(jīng)過,回避 pass down 使流傳 pass on 傳遞,傳授. 4. put forward: 提出（計(jì)劃、建議等）；將提出（計(jì)劃、建議等）；將提前；把鐘表撥快提前；把鐘表撥快 He put forward a good plan for this project. 他為這項(xiàng)工程提出了一個(gè)好的方案。他為這項(xiàng)工程提出了一個(gè)好的方案。 The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比賽已經(jīng)提前到一點(diǎn)半舉行。比賽已經(jīng)提前到一點(diǎn)半舉行。 Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把鐘表撥快十分鐘。把鐘表撥快十分鐘。put forward a new theory put on 穿上穿上;戴上戴上;增加增加 put out 熄滅熄滅(燈燈);撲滅撲滅 (火火) put up with 忍受忍受 put down 寫下來寫下來;放下；（使）著陸放下；（使）著陸 put off 耽誤耽誤; 延期延期 put up 建立建立; 建造建造5.examine/check/test1.examine指的是仔細(xì)觀察以了解或發(fā)現(xiàn)什么指的是仔細(xì)觀察以了解或發(fā)現(xiàn)什么東西，也可用于醫(yī)生檢查病人，以書面或口頭東西，也可用于醫(yī)生檢查病人，以書面或口頭的形式考察學(xué)生的知識(shí)和能力的形式考察學(xué)生的知識(shí)和能力2.check指的是通過檢查以確保某事物正確，指的是通過檢查以確保某事物正確，安全，滿意或處于良好的狀態(tài)，核對(duì)，核實(shí)某安全，滿意或處于良好的狀態(tài)，核對(duì)，核實(shí)某事等事等3.test指的是檢驗(yàn)和衡量某物或某人的品質(zhì)，指的是檢驗(yàn)和衡量某物或某人的品質(zhì)，質(zhì)量等，測驗(yàn)?zāi)橙嗽谀撤矫娴闹R(shí)或能力，還質(zhì)量等，測驗(yàn)?zāi)橙嗽谀撤矫娴闹R(shí)或能力，還有實(shí)驗(yàn)，考驗(yàn)的意思，也可用于醫(yī)學(xué)的檢驗(yàn)，有實(shí)驗(yàn)，考驗(yàn)的意思，也可用于醫(yī)學(xué)的檢驗(yàn)，化驗(yàn)化驗(yàn)He is examining a theory.他在查驗(yàn)一個(gè)理論Youd better check the tyres.They are testing the water for pollution.他們在檢驗(yàn)水污染情況完成句子：1.She went to the hospital to have her teeth_(檢查）2.Could you go and _(弄清楚）if the baby is asleep?examinedcheck 6. Conclude 1). Vt conclude sth. (with sth.) 結(jié)束結(jié)束,決定決定,達(dá)成達(dá)成,締結(jié)締結(jié)條約條約 The meeting concluded at 8:00. Britain concluded a trade agreement with China. 2).vi. 作結(jié)論，斷定作結(jié)論，斷定 The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪審團(tuán)認(rèn)定他有罪。陪審團(tuán)認(rèn)定他有罪。 3). to conclude: 總而言之，總之總而言之，總之(插入語插入語) To conclude, I want to thank you for your help. conclusion: C 結(jié)論結(jié)論; 結(jié)束結(jié)束;決定決定;協(xié)議協(xié)議. From these facts we can draw some conclusions about how the pyramids were built.短語短語:make /draw a conclusion = 得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion bringto a conclusion 結(jié)束結(jié)束in conclusion 最后最后7. Repeat if necessary.=repeat if it is necessary.repetition (n.)repeatedly (adv.)一再，再三，多次地He repeatedly expressed his wish to go to Jays vocal (歌唱會(huì))concert.If possible=if it is possibleIf so 如果那樣的話If not如果不的話If any 如果有的話（表示“數(shù)量”）There is little water, if any.即使有水，也只是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)Para. 1 Important and difficult pointsLanguage points of reading Dealing with paragraphs:1. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London so famous, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. 1.attend: v.1) to be present at; go to (meeting, conference, lecture.) 出席；參加出席；參加 他決定親自赴會(huì)。他決定親自赴會(huì)。He decided to attend the meeting himself. 2) to look after, care for, serve 照顧；看護(hù)。照顧；看護(hù)。Which doctor is attending (to/on) you? 哪位醫(yī)生護(hù)理你？哪位醫(yī)生護(hù)理你？3).伴隨伴隨,陪同陪同.這項(xiàng)工作帶來許多困難這項(xiàng)工作帶來許多困難.The work was attended with much difficulty.總統(tǒng)有幾位工作人員伴隨總統(tǒng)有幾位工作人員伴隨.The President was attended by several members of his staff 1) U, C 出席出席; 到場到場: Attendance at the meeting is not required. You have missed several attendances this term. 2) C number of people present 出席人數(shù)出席人數(shù): Attendances have increased since we reduced the price of tickets. 3 (idm 習(xí)語習(xí)語) in attendance (on sb) 護(hù)理護(hù)理; 衛(wèi)護(hù)衛(wèi)護(hù); 服侍服侍: He is in attendance on the sick man. The President always has six bodyguards in close attendance. StudentsDoctors and nursesPeople in the neighborhoodAll his friends and relativesGardenersMembers of the Union of studentschurchpatientsa lectureschoola meeting aboutthe Unionhis weddingthe botanical gardenattendattendpractice I may be late I have got one or two things to attend to.* Mother had to attend to her sick son .處理處理,辦理辦理照顧照顧,護(hù)理護(hù)理2. ease 1). v. 使安心，使舒適；減輕，緩和使安心，使舒適；減輕，緩和He eased his mind by returning the stolen money. 還了偷來的錢，他的心理才得到了安寧還了偷來的錢，他的心理才得到了安寧I gave him some medicine to ease the pain.2). ease n. 安逸安逸,自在自在,容易容易.She knew that he was not at ease. He tried to appear at his ease.at (ones) ease 安詳，自在，隨意，不拘束安詳，自在，隨意，不拘束Other phrases:put/set at ease 使不拘束使不拘束/不緊張，使安心不緊張，使安心with ease 毫不費(fèi)力地；輕而易舉地毫不費(fèi)力地；輕而易舉地Thats not difficult; I could do it with ease.2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. = ordinary people who were 在句中是過去分詞作后置定語在句中是過去分詞作后置定語,表示被動(dòng)表示被動(dòng).意為意為“患霍患霍亂的亂的”. 如如:The book written by Luxun is very popular.3. expose v.(1).暴露暴露 “expose .to.” He exposes his skin to the sun. 他把皮膚暴露在陽他把皮膚暴露在陽光下光下.(2)揭露揭露;揭發(fā)揭發(fā)He exposed their plot.他揭穿了他們的陰謀他揭穿了他們的陰謀.I threatened to expose him ( to the police).我威我威脅要脅要(向警察向警察)揭發(fā)他揭發(fā)他.Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood. 4.cure n. 治療方法治療方法 v. 治愈，治好（強(qiáng)調(diào)治愈，治好（強(qiáng)調(diào) 結(jié)果）結(jié)果）cure sb. of 治好某人病治好某人病 醫(yī)生最終治好了他的病The doctor cured him of his illness at last.3.Somanythousandof terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.terrified people 驚恐的人們驚恐的人們 4. every time there was an outbreak Adverbial clause of time (時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句) 5.Any time(隨時(shí)隨時(shí)), next time, the last time, each time, every time, the first time, the time, the moment, the minute, directly, immediately 等常用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句等常用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句 Every time I catch a cold, I have a pain in my back. The moment I saw him, I knew what had happened. 1. I thought him honest _ I met him. A. the first time B. first time C. for the first time D. by the first time 2. She is always busy doing housework _ I come to visit her. A. every time when B. at every time C. every time D. at each timeAC 5. He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found. 6. control v. to have power over, rule, direct統(tǒng)治，控制統(tǒng)治，控制 You are trying to control me as though I were your slave. 政府正在努力控制物價(jià)。政府正在努力控制物價(jià)。 The government is trying its best to control prices. 他無法抑制自己的憤怒。他無法抑制自己的憤怒。 He can not control his anger. n. 控制，統(tǒng)治，掌握控制，統(tǒng)治，掌握 1) lose control of 失去對(duì)失去對(duì)控制控制 be out of control 失去控制失去控制 司機(jī)失去控制，車撞到了樹上。司機(jī)失去控制，車撞到了樹上。 The driver lost control of his car and it knocked into a tree. 車失去控制，撞到了墻上。車失去控制，撞到了墻上。 The car was out of control and ran into a wall. 2) in control of 控制著控制著 Mr. Brown is in control of the money. 布朗先生管理錢財(cái)布朗先生管理錢財(cái)。 3) under the control of 在在的控制下，被的控制下，被控制著控制著 Mr. Brown is in control of the money. = The money is under/in the control of Mr. Brown. 7. absorb vt. Be absorbed in被被吸引吸引,專注于做某事專注于做某事 1) 吸收吸收 (水分水分) A sponge absorbs water. 海綿吸水。海綿吸水。 2). 吸收吸收,接受接受(看法看法,知識(shí)知識(shí)) The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge which teachers could give him. 3). 吸引吸引(注意力注意力,興趣興趣,時(shí)間時(shí)間) The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 4).理解理解,掌握掌握. Its a lot of information to absorb all at once. Dealing with para.2 6. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason. A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims. 7.The second suggested that people absorbed this diease into their bodies with their meals. 第二種看法是在吃飯的時(shí)候人們把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的 8.From the stomach the diease attacked the body quickly and soon the affected(受疾病侵襲的) person was dead.8.Suggest 用法:1)Suggest 表示建議可跟名詞，動(dòng)名詞及that 從句 suggest a visit to the Great Wall.our visiting the Great Wall.that we (should ) visit the Great Wall.建議某人做某事，不用suggest sb.to do sth.而用 suggest sbs doing 或that從句如：他建議我們早點(diǎn)去機(jī)場e suggested us to leave early for the airport.He suggested our leaving early for the airport.He suggested that we (should) leave early for the airpor.2)“暗示，表明”可跟that從句，但必須用陳述語氣 His pale face suggested that he was ill.名詞suggestion 后跟的同位語從句和表語從句也用 that sb. (should) do Eg:My suggestion is that we (should) have a meeting to discuss it at once.Then do the exercise4 on page 43. Dealing with Para.39.,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.9. severe adj.(1)(人，紀(jì)律）嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)格的His severe looks frightened me.他的嚴(yán)厲表情使我恐慌(2)(疼痛）劇烈的他的腿疼的厲害He has a severe pain in his leg.(3) be severe with=be strict with 對(duì)要求嚴(yán)格他嚴(yán)格要求自己He is severe with himself.SARS: severe acute respiratory syndrome 嚴(yán)重急性呼吸綜合癥10. It seemed the water was to blame.10. blame sb. for doing/ sth. 因?yàn)槟呈仑?zé)備因?yàn)槟呈仑?zé)備 某人某人He blamed the boy for his mistake.blameon譴責(zé)譴責(zé),把把歸功于歸功于be to blame: 應(yīng)受責(zé)備，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任應(yīng)受責(zé)備，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任,主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)歸咎于誰？這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)歸咎于誰？Who is to blame for the mistake？We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that _ for their sons bad performance at school.A. are to blame B. is to be blamedC. are to be blamed D. is to blameD7. Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.約翰斯諾馬上叫寬街上驚慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手這樣，水泵就用不成了handle n. 把手 v. (1)觸，摸，拿Please handle the glass with care.(2)處理或負(fù)責(zé)，管理The host handled a difficult argument skillfully.(3)操縱，控制The car handles well.這輛車開起來真靈便Para.411. immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等都可以作連詞等都可以作連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為意為“一一就就”,如如:I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我一見到他就把這封信給他我一見到他就把這封信給他.I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就來了我一接到你的信就來了. Para.5. 12. in addition to/besides/as well as 除了除了之外之外還有還有(包括之內(nèi)包括之內(nèi)) Apart from 1)除了除了之外之外(包括在內(nèi)包括在內(nèi)) 2).除了除了之外之外(不包括在內(nèi)不包括在內(nèi)) except for :除了某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)除了某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié) except 除了除了(整體整體) but 著重在整體著重在整體,常用在常用在no, all, nobody, where, who, everywhere 等詞后等詞后. 三者都三者都“除除之外之外(沒有沒有)”, 含含 “排除排除”之意之意 Eg: 1). I had nothing on except for my socks. 2). We work every except Sunday. 3).I havent had the time to do anything, but work. Para.5. In addition, he found two other deaths in another part of London linked to the Broad Street outbreak.=which were linked to the13.link to (with) be linked to 把與連接起來The newspaper linked his name with hers. 14. announce 公布；宣告公布；宣告 He announced his decision. We have announced our engagement to some friends. 我們已經(jīng)向一些朋友宣布了我們的婚約。我們已經(jīng)向一些朋友宣布了我們的婚約。 The government spokesman announced that a new law had been passed. 政府發(fā)言人宣布一項(xiàng)新的法律已經(jīng)被通過。政府發(fā)言人宣布一項(xiàng)新的法律已經(jīng)被通過。 It has been announced that he will resign. 他將辭職的消息已經(jīng)宣布。他將辭職的消息已經(jīng)宣布。Para.69. The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore.Instruct vt.命令，指示，教導(dǎo)命令，指示，教導(dǎo)He instructed them to listen.She instructed me in how to use the computer.The general instructed that the soldiers (should) go to the front through the night.歸納：歸納：instruct表示表示“命令命令”時(shí)，后面的賓語從時(shí)，后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣謂語動(dòng)詞用句要用虛擬語氣謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形或省略或省略should.instruct sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事instruct sb. in sth. 在某方面指導(dǎo)某人在某方面指導(dǎo)某人instruction n. 指示，用法說明（書），指示，用法說明（書），教育，指導(dǎo)教育，指導(dǎo) Classroom Test: 1. _to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. A. Exposed B. Being exposed C. Having exposed D. After being exposed 2. _ writing the article, Mrs. Curie even forgot her dinner. A. Absorbed in B. Absorbing at C. Having absorbed by D. To absorb in 3. No one has _ anything better than the plan now under consideration. A. put up B come up C. put forward D come up to B BAC C4. The mother didnt know who _ for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. to be blamed B. to blame C. blamed D. is to be blame5. Please give me a call _ you arrive in New York.A. immediately B. immediately when C. the moment when D. at the moment6. Your composition is quite good _several mistakes in spelling.A. besides B. except C. addition to D. except forBAD7. I care for nothing _ the one you bought for me yesterday.A. in addition B. as well as C. besides D. apart from8. He _ the list of names to see that no one had been left out.A. checked B. examined C. tested D. observedDA1. Find the words related to the explanations.Way to treat a diseaseSeriousBe responsible for sth badBesidesGive directions to sbLook afterLeave sb unprotectedMake sth easyTake inCureSevereBe to blameIn additionInstructAttend ExposeEaseabsorbLanguage Using1. Simon was so _（沉浸于）his book that he didnt even notice me come in. 2. This drug is quickly _（被吸收進(jìn)）the body.1. Parents try to cure their children _ bad habits. A. about B. of C. in D. to2. They have discovered a new cure _ the disease. A. of B. about C. in D. for3. If I take this medicine twice a day it should _ my cold. A. heat B. cure C. treat D. help2. Finish the following task according to the requirement.cure (choose the best answer)absorb (fill in the right form)A. The world famous tennis player was _ in an important match. B. We _ at football, but lost at tennis.C. It was the lack of money that _ their plan.defeat / win (choose the right word)A. We must keep the prices _ c