高考英語一輪復(fù)習 第二部分 語法專練 專題四 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣課件 外研版

專題四情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣考向分析考向分析針對情態(tài)動詞,高考主要考查的是can,should,must,may,could等常用情態(tài)動詞的用法,其中情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法是考查的重點。而針對虛擬語氣的考查,主要涉及虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句、名詞性從句中的用法,其中虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用是考查的重點?？键c一考點一 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞本專題考點本專題考點考點二虛擬語氣考點二虛擬語氣考點清單考點清單考點一情態(tài)動詞考點一情態(tài)動詞一、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法一、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法單句填空單句填空1.Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, can easily reach the books on the top shelf.答案答案can句意:Samuel是我們班里最高的男孩,他可以輕松地夠到頂層擱板上的書?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞。can意為“可以,能夠”,表示能力,符合語境。2.My room is a mess, but I neednt clean it before I go out tonight; I can do it in the morning.語境運用語境運用答案答案neednt句意:我的房間很亂,但是在今晚外出之前我不必打掃它,我可以早晨打掃。設(shè)空處表示“不必”,所以用neednt。3.It was really annoying;I couldnt get access to the data bank you had recommended. 答案答案couldnt句意:真令人惱火,我不能進入你推薦的數(shù)據(jù)庫。根據(jù)It was really annoying可知應(yīng)用couldnt。單句改錯單句改錯4.Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last longer.mustcould答案答案mustcould此處表示因為“我”更有耐心了,所以“我”能使“我”的玩具用更長時間了。must表示“必須”;could表示“能”。情態(tài)動詞的五個基本用法情態(tài)動詞的五個基本用法1.表能力表示現(xiàn)在的能力:can, am/is/are able to表示將來的能力:will be able to表示過去的能力:could表示過去的能力,不表示是否成功地做了;was/were able to表示過去有能力做而且成功地做了。Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I can find the money.如果我能找到錢,我將和約翰一起去歐洲度假。用法精講用法精講2.表推測肯定句:can表示客觀上的可能;may/might/could表示可能;must表示一定;should/ought to表示應(yīng)該,按說應(yīng)該。否定句:cant/couldnt表示不可能;may not/might not表示可能不;shouldnt/oughtnt to表示應(yīng)該不會。疑問句:can/could表示驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。Credit cards provide us with lots of convenience, but they can lead to problems.信用卡給我們提供了許多方便,但也會帶來一些問題。Will the book I ordered arrive on time?It should, if there is no traffic jam.我訂購的那本書會按時到貨嗎?如果交通不阻塞的話,應(yīng)該會。3.表請求、建議、命令、允許、允諾、禁止、義務(wù)、責任請求對方允許時用May/Can/Could I.?提出請求、征求對方意見時用Will/Would you.?或Shall I/he/she/they/we.?should/ought to表示應(yīng)該,shouldnt/oughtnt to表示不應(yīng)該。may/can(可以)表示允許、許可。must表示必須,mustnt表示禁止。shall與第二、三人稱連用,用于陳述句,表示命令、警告、允諾、威脅;當宣布法律、規(guī)定時也常用shall。One of our rules is that every student shall wear the school uniform while at school.我們其中的一項規(guī)定是,每個學(xué)生在校期間都要穿校服。4.表必要性must do sth.表示“必須做某事”。neednt/dont have to表示“不必”。You neednt get the machine repaired this week. I wont use it until next month.這周你不必請人修理這臺機器,到下個月我才用它呢。5.表意愿、決心will/would可與各種人稱連用,表示主語的意愿或決心。通常用于有生命體,但有時也用于無生命體,這時是把無生命體擬人化了。Why hasnt the cook arrived yet today?She just wont come for such a low salary.為什么今天廚師還沒來?她只是不愿意為這么低的薪水而來。二、情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法二、情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法單句填空單句填空1.It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves, should bring me food.語境運用語境運用答案答案should句意:讓我難過的是,他們自己那么貧窮,竟然還給我?guī)硎澄?。本題考查情態(tài)動詞。情態(tài)動詞should可以表示說話人驚訝的語氣,意為“竟然”。2.I cant thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 答案答案cant句意:我無論怎樣感謝你都不為過。Cant與enough,too much等連用表示“再也不為過”。1.can/could的否定式與比較級連用表示最高級。2.can/could的否定式與enough或too(much)連用表示“再也不為過”。3.must可表示“偏要,硬要”,常用于疑問句或條件狀語從句。4.may/might as well表示“最好;不妨”。5.would可表示過去的習慣,與used to相比,前者常表示過去反復(fù)的動作,后者常表示過去的狀態(tài)或習慣現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在。6.should有時表示說話人對某事感到意外、驚奇,意為“竟然”。單句改錯單句改錯3.Now that youve got a chance, you might so well make full use of it.soas 答案答案soas句意:既然你得到了這個機會,你最好充分利用它。might as well為常用表達,意為“最好;不妨”,故so改為 as。用法精講用法精講三、三、“情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+have done”的用法的用法單句填空單句填空1.I should have gone (go)to my cousins birthday party last night,but I was not available.答案答案have gone句意:我昨天晚上本應(yīng)該去我表兄的生日聚會,但是沒有空。這里表示本應(yīng)該做而沒做的事,故答案是have gone。2.Harry is feeling uncomfortable and he must have drunk too much at the party last night.答案答案must句意:Harry感覺不舒服,他肯定在昨晚的聚會上喝多了。根據(jù)語境可知,此處是對過去發(fā)生事情的肯定推測,故空格處填must。語境運用語境運用3.Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. Oh, its too bad. You should have made full preparations.答案答案should句意:對不起,媽媽!這次的求職面試我又失敗了。哦,真是太糟糕了。你本應(yīng)該做好充分準備的。should have done表示本該做某事,而實際上并未做,符合題意,故空格處填should。單句改錯單句改錯4.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he need have expressed it differently.needcould/should答案答案needcould/should句意:杰里對發(fā)表評論不感到后悔,但是他覺得自己本來可以/本應(yīng)該用不同的方式表達。根據(jù)語境可知,此處為could/should have done sth.,意為“本來可以/本應(yīng)該做某事”。“情態(tài)動詞+have done”用法一覽表用法精講用法精講情態(tài)動詞+have done用法例句must have done過去想必/準是/一定做了(表推測),否定式為:cant/couldnt have doneIt must have rained last night,for the road is quite muddy.昨晚一定下雨了,因為路很泥濘。can/cannot have done 過去可能會做/不可能做了(表推測),can have done常用于疑問句There is nowhere to find them.Where can they have gone? 到處都找不到他們,他們可能到什么地方去了呢?He cannot have forgotten it.他不可能忘了那件事。could/could not have done1.過去可能/不可能做(表推測)2.過去本來能夠做/不能夠做(表虛擬)She could have gone out with some friends.她可能跟幾個朋友出去了。We could not have heard them then because of the noise from the river.由于河水的聲音我們當時不可能聽到他們的談話。You could have done better,but you didnt try your best.你本可以做得更好,但是你沒有盡力而為。If it hadnt been for your help,we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.要是沒有你的幫助,我們本不可能在實驗中獲得成功。may/may not have done過去也許已經(jīng)做了/沒做(表推測),一般不用于疑問句Its too late.I think he may have gone to bed.太晚了,我想他或許已經(jīng)睡了。He may not have finished the work.他也許還沒完成那項工作。might have done1.過去也許做了(表推測)2.過去本可能做(表虛擬)He might have missed the train.他可能沒有趕上火車。I think you might have told us half an hour ago.我認為你本來可能在半個小時前告訴我們。might not have done過去也許沒做(表推測),相當于may not have done,用might則表示語氣更加不肯定They might not have regarded me as their friend.他們可能沒有把我當朋友看待。should/ought to have done本該做,而實際上未做You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.你本應(yīng)該更仔細地做這個練習。should not/ought not to have done本不該做而做了You shouldnt have told her the truth.你本不該告訴她真相。neednt have done本不必做而做了You neednt have taken a taxi here.你本來不必打車來這里的?？键c二虛擬語氣考點二虛擬語氣一、虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用一、虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用單句填空單句填空1.If the new safety system had been put (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.答案答案had been put句意:如果新的安全系統(tǒng)被投入使用,這起事故就不會發(fā)生了。本題考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)題干中的主句謂語部分would never have happened可知語境是對過去發(fā)生的事進行虛擬,因此if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語部分應(yīng)為had done。再結(jié)合語境,可知用被動語態(tài)。語境運用語境運用2.Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I wouldnt have been (be) able to reach her yesterday.答案答案have been句意:你有Betty的電話號碼嗎?有,否則,昨天我就不能聯(lián)系到她了。設(shè)空處是對過去發(fā)生的事進行虛擬,應(yīng)該用would have done結(jié)構(gòu),此處要用否定形式。3.I was wearing a seat belt then; if I hadnt been wearing one, I would have been injured(injure). 答案答案have been injured句意:我那時系著安全帶呢。如果我沒系安全帶的話,我可能就受傷了。根據(jù)句意可知設(shè)空處為與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣,其謂語形式為would have done。主語I與injure為被動關(guān)系,故需用被動語態(tài),故答案為 have been injured。單句改錯單句改錯4.If you are me,would you talk to him?arewere答案答案arewere根據(jù)后面的would可知此處為虛擬語氣,表示一種假設(shè),if條件從句中are要改為were。虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的運用 從句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)If+主語+動詞的過去式(be動詞用were)主語+should/would/could/might+動詞原形If I were you,I would seize the chance to go abroad.如果我是你,我就抓住這次出國的機會。語境運用語境運用與過去事實相反的假設(shè)If+主語+had+過去分詞主語+should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞If you had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the exams.如果你聽了我的建議,你就不會考試不及格了。與將來事實相反的假設(shè)1.If+主語+動詞的過去式(be動詞用were)2.If+主語+were to+動詞原形3.If+主語+should+動詞原形主語+should/would/co-uld/might+動詞原形 If he should not come tomorrow,we would put off the meeting till next Monday.如果明天他不來的話,我們就會把會議推遲到下周一。使用虛擬條件句時要注意以下幾點:1.錯綜虛擬語氣當條件狀語從句表示的動作或行為和主句表示的動作或行為發(fā)生的時間不一致時,動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。If you had just followed my advice,you would be better now.如果你剛才聽了我的建議,你現(xiàn)在就好多了。If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你以前努力學(xué)習的話,你現(xiàn)在就是大學(xué)生了。2.if條件狀語從句的省略在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件狀語從句中有had, should, were時,可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,變?yōu)榈寡b句式。If I were at school again,I would study harder.Were I at school again,I would study harder.如果我再次上學(xué)的話,我會更加努力地學(xué)習。If you had come earlier,you would have caught the bus.Had you come earlier,you would have caught the bus.如果你來得早些,你就能趕上那輛公共汽車了。If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的話,我們就不去登山了。注意:若省略的條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時,不能用動詞的縮略形式。如:我們可以說Were it not for the expense,I would go abroad now.但不能說Werent it for the expense,I would go abroad now.3.含蓄虛擬語氣有時為了表達的需要,在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件從句,而是通過其他手段來代替條件從句。Without your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=But for your help,.=If it had not been for your help,.=Had it not been for your help,.沒有你的幫助,我們就不能提前完成這項工作。I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.我那天病了。否則,我就參加運動會了。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.他打電話告知了我你的生日,否則,我對此一點都不知道。A few hours earlier(=If you had come a few hours earlier),you would have been able to meet the famous writer.要是你早來幾個小時,你就能見到那位著名的作家了。二、二、 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用語境運用語境運用1.The old lady insisted that the young man had stolen her wallet and that he (should)be sent (send)to the police station.答案答案(should)be sent句意:那位老太太堅持說那個年輕男子偷了她的錢包并堅持要求把他帶到警局。本題考查虛擬語氣。insist作“堅持要求”講時,其賓語從句的謂語動詞需用“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略。2.We would rather our daughter stayed (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.答案答案stayedwould rather所接的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,從句表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r時,從句的謂語動詞用動詞的過去式,故填stayed。單句改錯單句改錯3.Some classmates suggest we can go to the places of interest nearby.canshould或者去掉或者去掉can答案答案canshould或者去掉can考查虛擬語氣。suggest表示“建議”,后面接賓語從句時,從句中謂語用“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略。1.用于賓語從句中(1)wish后面的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣,表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動詞的構(gòu)成為:I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是一只小鳥,能在天空中自由飛翔。I wish(that)I had met that film star yesterday.我希望昨天遇見到那個影星了。此外,If only+句子=How I wish+從句。(wish)had(wish)would /could(wish)一般過去時 賓語從句動作與同時發(fā)生過去分詞 賓語從句動作先于動詞原形 賓語從句動作后于用法精講用法精講If only I were a bird!=How I wish I were a bird!我要是一只鳥該多好啊!If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!我要是看過那部電影該多好啊!(2)用于表示建議、命令、要求等動詞后的賓語從句中,常見的動詞有insist,order,command,require,request,demand,advise,suggest,propose,rec-ommend等。賓語從句中的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略。He suggested that we(should)start off early the next day.他建議我們第二天早點出發(fā)。They insisted that the boy(should)go with them.他們堅持要求那個男孩子跟他們一起去。此類動詞記憶小竅門:一堅持(insist)二命令(order,command)三要求(require,request,demand)四建議(advise,suggest,propose,recommend)注意:當suggest表示“暗示,表明”之意,insist表示“堅持說”之意時,suggest/insist后的賓語從句不使用虛擬語氣,應(yīng)使用陳述語氣。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他臉上的微笑表明他對我們的工作很滿意。The man insisted that he had never stolen money.那個男子堅持說他從沒有偷過錢。(3)在would rather后的賓語從句中,謂語動詞用一般過去時(be用were)表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M;用過去完成時表示對過去的虛擬。I would rather they didnt smoke.我寧愿他們不吸煙。(對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M)I would rather I had not told him the bad news.我寧愿我沒告訴他那個壞消息。(對過去的虛擬)2.用于主語從句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential+that從句,從句的謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略。It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.人們建議將會議推遲到下周。3.用于表語從句和同位語從句中在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣,其構(gòu)成是“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略。My idea is that we(should)think it over before accepting it.我的意見是在接受它之前我們要仔細考慮。We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.我們都同意他的去大連觀光的建議。三、虛擬語氣在其他方面的應(yīng)用三、虛擬語氣在其他方面的應(yīng)用單句填空單句填空1.(2017江西新余一中、宜春一中聯(lián)考) You might feel as if you were (be) in a fairy tale.答案答案were句意:你可能感覺好像身處童話之中。本題考查虛擬語氣。此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況,故設(shè)空處需用一般過去時,be動詞用were。語境運用語境運用2.It is high time that you considered/should consider (consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little.答案答案considered/should consider句意:如果你的生活中沒有壓力,你就會獲得很少,現(xiàn)在是你考慮這一點的時候了。本題考查虛擬語氣。It is high time+that從句,從句的謂語應(yīng)為動詞的過去式或“should+動詞原形”。3.The upset mother thought to herself,“If only I knew (know)whats going on in my little boys head right now.” 答案答案knewif only 意為“要是就好了”,所接句子常用虛擬語氣,根據(jù)right now可知,此處表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬,故空格處填寫動詞的過去式knew。三個特定句式中的虛擬語氣用法精講用法精講句型結(jié)構(gòu)過去虛擬現(xiàn)在虛擬將來虛擬if only句型had+過去分詞過去式(be動詞一般用were)would/could+動詞原形as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句及方式狀語從句had+過去分詞過去式(be動詞一般用were)would+動詞原形It is(high)time(that).過去式或“should+動詞原形”技巧點撥技巧點撥1.把握時間概念、重視語境信息。主要有三種方法,一是根據(jù)主句的已知信息,判斷從句的謂語形式;二是根據(jù)從句的已知信息,判斷主句的謂語形式;三是利用真實推出虛擬,或利用虛擬推出真實。2.熟悉考點設(shè)置,查找句中表示虛擬語氣的線索和信號。例如:如果試題中出現(xiàn)if,應(yīng)仔細研究句意,分辨它引導(dǎo)的是真實條件從句,還是虛擬條件從句,若為虛擬語氣,則檢查主、從句中的謂語動詞是否采用了相應(yīng)的形式;看到一個句子時,一定要弄明白主句和從句兩部分的時間所指,再看謂語動詞形式是否與所指時間一致。3.觀察題干中是否出現(xiàn)了表示建議、命令、要求等含義的詞并判斷其后所接的從句中謂語是否用“should+動詞原形”。4.如果題干中出現(xiàn)部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)或without, but for等時要判斷是否考查虛擬語氣。考生判斷考點為虛擬語氣后,可以利用“倒推法或還原法”推出隱含條件,進行答題。5.關(guān)注謂語形式、留意語態(tài)正誤、注意一詞多義,全面把握虛擬語氣。