江蘇省高考英語 第二部分 語法核心突破 第十三課時 構詞法課件

第十三課時構詞法第十三課時構詞法李仕才1.They gave money to the old peoples home either_or through their companies.(2015安徽卷)A.legally B.sincerelyC.personally D.deliberately答案C句意：他們或者親自或者通過他們的公司給敬老院送錢。legally合法地，法律上；sincerely真誠地，由衷地，誠懇地；personally親自，當面，個別地，就自己而言；deliberately故意地，謹慎地，慎重地。根據or through their companies可知personally為正確答案。感 悟 高 考2.The girl used to be shy，but is _ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.(2015湖北卷)A.gradually B.usuallyC.previously D.merely答案A句意：這個女孩以前很害羞，但是正(逐漸地)在小組活動中變得積極起來，而且更愿意表達自己了。根據題干中的is和getting可知，這里表示循序漸進的過程，故選gradually(逐漸地)。usually通常；previously先前地；merely僅僅。要 點 精 析一、派生法1. 表示否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴前綴例詞dis-advantagedisadvantage缺點comfortdiscomfort不舒適il-legalillegal不合法的logicalillogical不合邏輯的im-patientimpatient不耐煩的moralimmoral不道德的in-formalinformal非正式的convenientinconvenient不方便的ir-regularirregular不規(guī)則的responsibleirresponsible不負責任的mis-leadmislead誤導understandmisunderstand誤解un-willingunwilling不愿意的happyunhappy不高興的后綴例詞-lesshopehopeless絕望的carecareless粗心的2. 變動詞的前綴和后綴前綴例詞en-largeenlarge擴大richenrich使充實；使豐富后綴例詞-enbroadbroaden使變寬hardharden使變硬-ifyclassclassify把分類beautybeautify美化-izeapologyapologize道歉emphasisemphasize強調3.形容詞變副詞的后綴在形容詞后加-ly可變成相應意義的副詞直接加-lyextremeextremely尤其，非常stupidstupidly 傻地改y為-ilyhappyhappily快樂地merrymerrily 快樂地去e加-lytruetruly真實地4.形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ageshortshortage不足；短缺-cyefficientefficiency效率；功效accurateaccuracy準確性-domfreefreedom自由；自主wisewisdom明智；智慧-encedifferentdifference差異silentsilence沉默-nessweakweakness虛弱；弱點carelesscarelessness粗心大意-thstrongstrength力氣；強項widewidth寬度-ycruelcruelty殘忍-tydisabledisability無能；殘疾-ityresponsibleresponsibility責任5.動詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-alapproveapproval贊成；批準arrivearrival到來-anceappearappearance出現(xiàn)；外貌performperformance表演；節(jié)目-enceexistexistence存在；生存referreference參考；查閱-ionconstructconstruction建設evaluateevaluation評估-ationconsiderconsideration考慮imagineimagination想象力-(s)siondiscussdiscussion討論；辯論admitadmission接納；準許入學-inghearhearing聽力；聽覺beginbeginning開始-mentargueargument辯論；論據equipequipment設備-urefailfailure失??；沒做到presspressure壓力-turemixmixture混合；混合物departdeparture離開；出發(fā)-yrecoverrecovery恢復；痊愈discoverdiscovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他varyvariety多樣化；種類tendtendency趨向；趨勢6.表示“人”的后綴在某些形容詞、名詞或動詞后面加后綴變成具有某種職業(yè)或動作的人。后綴例詞-rvillagevillager村民strangestranger陌生人-arlieliar說謊者-eeemployemployee受雇者；雇員interviewinterviewee被面試者-orinventinventor發(fā)明家educateeducator教育家；教師-essstewardstewardess 女乘務員hosthostess 女主人；女主持人-eseChinaChinese中國人JapanJapanese日本人-anAmericaAmerican美國人AustraliaAustralian澳洲人-ianhistoryhistorian歷史學家politicspolitician政治家；政客-istspecialspecialist專家tourtourist旅行者；觀光者-antparticipateparticipant參加者assistassistant助手；圖書管理員7.動詞、名詞變形容詞的常見后綴后綴例詞-ableacceptacceptable可接受的comfortcomfortable舒適的-alpersonpersonal個人的；私人的naturenatural自然的；天生的-fulhopehopeful有希望的peacepeaceful和平的-edconfuseconfused感到困惑的borebored感到厭倦的-ingsurprisesurprising令人驚訝的convinceconvincing令人信服的-ibleaccessaccessible容易到達的；容易取得的horrorhorrible可怕的；恐怖的-iveeffecteffective有效的；生效的instructinstructive有教育意義的-ousanxietyanxious憂慮的curiositycurious好奇的-sometiretiresome令人厭倦的troubletroublesome麻煩的-ytastetasty美味的；可口的wealthwealthy富裕的；豐富的dirtdirty有灰塵的；臟的-erneasteastern東方的；向東的westwestern西方的；向西的-ishfoolfoolish愚蠢的；可笑的selfselfish自私的-icsciencescientific科學的historyhistoric歷史上著名的-aryimagineimaginary想象中的二、轉化法不改變詞形，把一個詞由一種詞類轉用為另一種詞類的方法叫轉化法。動詞名詞walktake a walk散步swimhave a swim游泳名詞動詞book n.v.預訂milk n.v.擠奶形容詞動詞slow adj.v.減慢narrow adj.v.使變窄；(差距等)縮小形容詞副詞hard adj.困難的adv.努力地high adj.高的adv.高deep adj.深的adv.深wide adj.寬的adv.廣闊地針 對 訓 練用所給詞的適當形式填空1.CHRONOLOGICA is an _(inform)and _(entertain)tour into history，_(beauty) illustrated and full of _(believe) facts.(2017江蘇卷 閱讀A)2.The second principle is to _(loose)the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them.(2017江蘇卷閱讀C)3.While clean energy is _(increase) used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放)peak. (2017江蘇卷閱讀D)informativeentertainingbeautifullyunbelievableloosenincreasingly4.Increasing Earths _(reflect)can cool the planet.(2017江蘇卷閱讀D)5.But during the past decade declining rainfull has allowed him to plant highly _(profit) crops. (2017江蘇卷閱讀D)6.People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is，no knowledge is _ (use).7._ (curious)，I gave him my full attention.8.However，Mare Van Rijsselberg，a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a _ (mix) of sea and fresh water to grow healthy and tasty vegetables.9.But such a small thing couldnt _ (possible) destroy a village.reflectivenessprofitableuselessCuriouslymixturepossibly10.Just imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me.I had no other _ (choose)，though.11.That little act of _ (kind) made everyone who saw it feel goodbut it made me feel the best of all!12.He sank into _ (depress) when both his parents left him and went to the south in search of a better-paid job.13.Several days later，out of my _ (expect)，I saw it quietly stand in a corner of the house where I worked.I was extremely glad to regain it.choicekindnessdepressionexpectation14.As far as I am concerned，my _ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach.15.In addition，there were no claims against the _ (lose) of 50 coins and I order the girl and his father to take those 50 coins as appreciation for their honesty!suggestionloss