廣東省中山市中考英語 語法精講精練 第1節(jié) 名詞課件 人教新目標(biāo)版

英語英語第第1 1節(jié)名詞節(jié)名詞考點突破考點突破中考導(dǎo)航中考導(dǎo)航課堂小測課堂小測中考模擬演練中考模擬演練考點考點廣東省卷近五年中考統(tǒng)計廣東省卷近五年中考統(tǒng)計高頻考點高頻考點201120122013201420151.可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)2.不可數(shù)名詞3.名詞所有格4.名詞辨析完形（2分）完形（2分）完形（2分）完形（3分）完形（2分）考情分析：考情分析：從近五年廣東中考考查情況來看，名詞是每年的必考點，單選題每年均考查其中的一個考點，可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)是考查的重點。2016年備考時應(yīng)掌握好名詞的各個考點，對可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)尤應(yīng)重視。 名詞辨析是完形填空中的考查重點，近幾年每年考查2題以上，同學(xué)們要進(jìn)行重點突破。中考導(dǎo)航中考導(dǎo)航名詞是表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象或抽象概念名稱的詞。從名詞所表名詞是表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象或抽象概念名稱的詞。從名詞所表示的事物的性質(zhì)看，可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩類?？蓴?shù)名詞有復(fù)示的事物的性質(zhì)看，可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩類。可數(shù)名詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。從名詞的類別看，個體名詞和集數(shù)形式，不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。從名詞的類別看，個體名詞和集體名詞是可數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞的單數(shù)體名詞是可數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式一般可以用不定冠詞形式一般可以用不定冠詞(a(a，an)an)修飾；不可數(shù)名詞一般不能用不定冠詞修飾；不可數(shù)名詞一般不能用不定冠詞(a(a，an)an)修飾。修飾。首頁首頁末頁末頁考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化例詞例詞一般情況下，直接在名詞后加-schairchairs,boyboys以s，x，sh，ch結(jié)尾的名詞后加-esclassclasses,boxboxeswatchwatches,brushbrushes以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i，再加-esbabybabies,citycities以f(e)結(jié)尾的詞，變f(e)為v，再加-esleafleaves, knifeknives,shelfshelves, lifelives1.1.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁不不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化例詞例詞改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母manmen,footfeet,toothteeth單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同sheepsheep,deerdeer其他形式mousemice,childchildren,oxoxen2.以以o結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時，一般表示無生命含義的詞加結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時，一般表示無生命含義的詞加“s”，表，表示有生命含義的詞加示有生命含義的詞加“es”，讀，讀z。如。如:photophotos，pianopianos，twotwosheroheroes，tomatotomatoes，potatopotatoes考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁 3.個別名詞單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式是一樣的。如:sheep，deer，fish，Chinese等。4“某國人”變復(fù)數(shù)口訣：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面。如：ChineseChinese, JapaneseJapanese;EnglishmanEnglishmen, FrenchmanFrenchmen;AmericanAmericans, GermanGermams 5.集體名詞:表示由若干個體組成的集合體。如:family，class，team，group，army等。 集體名詞作主語，如視為整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如視為個體成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如: Our team needs money to play in another city. 我們隊需要錢去另一個城市比賽。 My family are very well. 我的家人都很好?？键c突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁6.只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞：trousers，clothes，people, police, cattle。7.由兩個名詞組成的復(fù)合名詞常在最后一個名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。如： a girl studenttwo girl students an apple treefive apple trees 但如果第一個名詞是man或woman時，兩個名詞都要變復(fù)數(shù)。如：a woman teacherten women teachers a man nursethree men nurses 考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁母題訓(xùn)練母題訓(xùn)練（ ）1.(2015廣東)Mickey mouse is one of the most famous _ in American_. A.symbol；culture B. symbol；cultures C. symbols；culture D. symbols；culturesC考點突破考點突破中考預(yù)測中考預(yù)測（ ）5. What a good _ youve given me! Thanks a lot.My pleasure.A.information B.news C.suggestion D.adviceC首頁首頁末頁末頁母題訓(xùn)練母題訓(xùn)練（ ）2.(2012廣東)The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many there. A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbitC考點突破考點突破中考預(yù)測中考預(yù)測（ ）6. My sister has a pen pal.She is from . A.Canada B.Japanese C.English D.AustralianA母題訓(xùn)練母題訓(xùn)練（ ）3. (2011廣東)I hear you run for half an hour every day. Right, we have to.It is one of the in our school. A.rules B.plans C.hobbies D.choicesA考點突破考點突破中考預(yù)測( )7. My father loves fishing.Its one of his . A.hobbies B.hobby C.a hobby D.some hobbies A首頁首頁末頁末頁考點突破考點突破母題訓(xùn)練母題訓(xùn)練( )4. (2010廣東)Look! The kites in the sky are in different .Some are big and some are small. A.size B.sizes C.colour D.colours B中考預(yù)測中考預(yù)測( )8. Could you give some to the teachers? A.advice; man B.advices; men C.suggestion; man D.suggestions; menD首頁首頁末頁末頁1不可數(shù)名詞通常無復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2在沒有量詞的情況下，不可數(shù)名詞前不能用a、an這兩個不定冠詞。 3.不可數(shù)名詞的量不可數(shù)名詞要表示“一件”、“一個”等“量”的概念時，要用“數(shù)詞+表示數(shù)量的名詞+of+名詞”來表示。如： a piece of paper(一張紙) two pieces of paper(兩張紙) a cup of tea(一杯茶) five cups of tea(五杯茶) a bottle of juice(一杯果汁) four bottles of juice(四杯果汁) 4.某些名詞，表示物質(zhì)或抽象概念時是不可數(shù)的，而在表示個體概念時是可數(shù)的。 如: A glass is made of glass. 玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。 句中的第一個glass是玻璃杯，是個體名詞，是可數(shù)的。第二個glass意思是玻璃，是物質(zhì)名詞，就是不可數(shù)的了。 再如:paper(紙)不可數(shù)，a paper(報紙，論文，試卷)可數(shù)。考點突破考點突破英語英語首頁首頁末頁末頁母題訓(xùn)練母題訓(xùn)練( )1. (2013廣東)Mum,Ive heard that we cant eat_ these days.Is it true? Take it easy.It is safe to eat cooked meat. A.chicken B.chickens C.a chicken D.the chicken 中考預(yù)測中考預(yù)測( )2. There isnt any_in the fridge.We need to go shopping. A.oranges B.milk C.eggs D.apples A考點突破考點突破B首頁首頁末頁末頁名詞所有格用來表示名詞和名詞之間的所屬關(guān)系名詞所有格用來表示名詞和名詞之間的所屬關(guān)系。1.表示有生命名詞的所有格，單數(shù)形式是加s，復(fù)數(shù)形式加s。如:students rooms，fathers shoes。 2.表示時間、距離、長度、重量、價格、世界、國家等名詞的所有格用s。如:a twenty minutes walk，ten milesjourney，two poundsweight，ten dollars worth。 3.無生命名詞的所有格則用of結(jié)構(gòu)。如:a map of China。the end of this term，the capital of our country。5.雙重所有格 a friend of my mothers（我媽媽的一個朋友） a picture of Toms（湯姆的一張圖片） 考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁6.表示商鋪、某人的家、診所或餐館等的名詞所有格，其后名詞可以省略。巧學(xué)妙記：巧學(xué)妙記：名詞所有格，某物是“誰的”。 構(gòu)成有方法，多數(shù)把s加。 復(fù)數(shù)詞尾有s，只加“”即可。 名詞無生命，常把of用。 時間、地點和距離，所有格多用s。at my uncles(在我叔叔的家里) at the doctors(在醫(yī)生的診所里) 7.可用s或of短語表示的名詞所有格 the boys name=the name of the boy(男孩的名字) the dogs legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿) Chinas population=the population of China(中國的人口) Chinas capital=the capital of China(中國的首都)考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁母題訓(xùn)練母題訓(xùn)練( )1. (2014廣東) Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on Day. A.Woman B.Women C.Womans D.Womens 中考預(yù)測中考預(yù)測( )3. Tomorrow is .The students want to buy some flowers for their teachers. A.Teacher Day B.Teachers Day C.Teachers Day D.the Teachers Day D考點突破考點突破C首頁首頁末頁末頁母題訓(xùn)練母題訓(xùn)練( )2. (2008廣東) mothers both work in the same hospital. A.Tim and Peters B.Tims and Peter C.Tims and Peters D.Tim and Peter 中考預(yù)測中考預(yù)測( )4. This is computer. A.Anns and Tom B.Ann and Toms C.Ann and Tom D.Anns and Toms C考點突破考點突破B考點突破考點突破 易混名詞辨析 （ ）1.cloth, clothes, clothing與dress (1)cloth指“布”、“布料”。 (2)clothes指具體的衣服，包括內(nèi)衣、外衣，不能與數(shù)詞連用。 (3)clothing是服裝的總稱，包括內(nèi)衣、外衣，還包括帽子、鞋襪、手套之類，只用單數(shù)，無復(fù)數(shù)。 (4)dress作不可數(shù)名詞時，指外衣，尤指社交場合穿的服裝。作可數(shù)名詞時，常指連衣裙。 練習(xí): a dish . I want to buy sports . Now people are all in their winter . She wore a blue last night. clothclothesclothingdress考點突破考點突破2.dinner與meal的區(qū)別 (1)dinner是指“正餐(午飯或晚飯)”或“宴會”。 (2)meal是指“一餐(一頓飯)”而言。 練習(xí): Lets go and have together. What time do you usually have your ? 3.sound, voice, noise (1)sound“聲音”，指耳朵能聽到的各種聲音，多做可數(shù)名詞。 (2)voice“聲音”，主要指人的聲音。 (3)noise指“噪音”。 可以作可數(shù)名詞，也可做不可數(shù)名詞，詞組有:make a noise等。 練習(xí): I was waiting for the of the other shoe! The teacher said in a loud ,“Please keep silent.” But every night he heard the upstairs. dinnermealsvoicenoisesound考點突破考點突破4.job與work 都可譯為“工作”、“勞動”。job，work是常用詞，其區(qū)別: job是可數(shù)名詞，work是不可數(shù)名詞。 練習(xí): She got a of washing clothes. It takes a lot of to build a building. 5.person，people與man的區(qū)別 這三個詞有共同之處，都有“人”的意思，但也有不同之處。 (1)person是指“人”(男人或女人)，有單數(shù)形式，也有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (2)people是復(fù)數(shù)形式，指“人民；人們”，不能指一個人。 (3)man專指“男人”也指“人類”(不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，不加冠詞)。 練習(xí): Two are waiting for you. He lived for the and died for the people. All must die. jobworkpeoplepersonsmen考點突破考點突破6.problem與question 都可譯為“問題”，但它們所含的意思并不相同。 (1)question一般是指等待回答的“問題；提問”。 (2)problem一般是指等待解決(solve)或決定(decide)的“問題；難題”. 練習(xí): May I ask some ? Thats no .I can lend you my money. 7.table與desk 都可譯為“桌子”，其區(qū)別:table通常用于吃飯，游樂等。desk用于讀書或辦公，并且大多附有抽屜，常被稱為“書桌”、“課桌”、“辦公桌”等。 練習(xí): We were at when he arrived. There are many in the classroom. problemquestionstabledesks考點突破考點突破8.floor與ground 兩者都有“地面、地上”的含義。其區(qū)別:floor 一般指室內(nèi)的地上、地板、地面，而ground常指室外的地面，也可泛指地球表面。 練習(xí): He was sitting on the when I came in. The is wet now.It must have rained last night. 9.door與gate 都可譯為“門”。其區(qū)別: (1)door 一般指房子、房間、家具等的門，還可用于比喻意義。 (2)gate指圍墻、柵欄、籬笆等的開口處。 練習(xí): Close the when you go out. He walked through the into the garden. floorgrounddoorgate考點突破考點突破10.road，way, street (1)road指“公路；馬路”，指兩側(cè)之間可以通行人或車輛的大道?！霸隈R路上”一般用on the road?！按┻^馬路”用cross the road(或go across the road)。 (2)way意為“路線；路途；方法”等，統(tǒng)指從一地到另一地的路途。常用固定詞組有in this way(用這種方式)；on the way to(在去的路上)；get in the way of(擋道)等。 (3)street表示“街道”，其兩邊有建筑物。“在街上”一般用in the street?！按┻^街道”一般用go through the street。 練習(xí): Excuse me,can you tell me the to the post office? When he went home, he saw an old woman lying in the . The in this village is wider than before. wayroadstreet考點突破考點突破11.family, home (1)family表示“家；家庭”，也可指全體家庭成員。 (2)home意為“家”，帶有眷戀等感情色彩。 練習(xí): Tom has a big .There are six people in his . She has been in Shenzhen for 10 years.Shenzhen has become her second . 12.idea, advice (1)idea表示“主意”，是可數(shù)名詞。 例如:a good idea一個好主意 (2)advice表示“建議”，“忠告”，是不可數(shù)名詞。例如:a piece of advice 一個忠告(一個建議) 練習(xí):Can you give me some on how to learn English well？ He has got a good to deal with his old books. familyfamilyhomeadviceidea名詞辨析完形填空專練Once there lived an unhappy king who slept badly and didnt feel like eating anything. This made the _1_and his people worried. A _2_ was called in to examine him. The doctor said its all in his mind instead of his body. So neither _3_nor rest could help him but a shirt of a happy person. The prime minister was called to the _4_. When hearing the kings situation, he said, Although I have much _5_, it doesnt make me happy. Im always worried about losing it. Then, the kings banker came and said he had lots of wealth, but he also worried about losing it. He was never happy, either. Next, the palace singer came and his _6_ were almost the same. Finally, the top general was told to find a happy _7_ in three days time. Luckily, he found a poor man without power, money or fame singing happily on a _8_. The general asked him what made him so happy. The poor man answered that he had everything he wanted and he didnt want those he couldnt have. His _9_ came from the happiness in his heart. When the general asked for the mans _10_, to his surprise ,the man said, What shirt? I dont own any shirts! ( )1.A. queen B. prince C. princess D. brother( )2. A. man B. woman C. doctor D. superman ( )3. A. gold B. power C. money D. medicine( )4. A. palace B. house C. room D. grassland ( )5. A. money B. gold C. power D. help ( )6. A. words B. songs C. questions D. shirts ( )7. A. man B. singer C. king D. queen( )8. A. palace B. street C. island D. river ( )9. A. shirts B. words C. money D. songs ( )10. A. song B. shirt C. money D. happinessACDACAABD B課堂小測課堂小測 （ ）1. （2015婁底）Would you like some _ for dinner?OK. A.tomatos B.tomato C.tomatoes D. potatos（ ）2.（2015江西）There are lots of _ that students have to follow in school. A.exercises B. problems C. skills D. rules（ ）3. （2015云南） You are supposed to be more careful to make fewer while you are writing.A.trouble B. matter C. mistakes D. problems( )4.(2015湖北黃岡)Whats your favorite,Jim?My favorite is .I often listen to it on MP3.sports B. dance C. science D. musicCDCD課堂小測課堂小測 ( )5.(2015山東濰坊)On September 3 there will be some China to celebrate the 70-year victory of the Anti-Japanese War.A.actions B. projects C. traditions D. activities( )6.(2015海南 )I think Zhou Xun is one of the best . I like her movies very muchA.doctors B. players C. actresses D. teachers （ ）7（2015哈爾濱）Health is important for us teenagers, so we should eat more vegetables such as _ to keep healthyAtomatoes and potatoes Btomatos and potatos Ctomatos and potatoes D. tomato and potato（ ）8.（2015德州）The New York Times is a popular daily _. A.dictionary B.magazine C.newspaper D.guidebookDCAC課堂小測課堂小測 （ ）9.（2015天津）In 1998, Liu Xiangs _ in hurdling was noticed by Sun Jiangping. A.ability B. trade C. electricity D. memory（ ）10.（2015溫州）Annie has a _, and she is going to see her dentist today. A.cold B. fever C. cough D. toothache（ ）11. （2015武威）He has a collection of _. He can not only enjoy them but also use them to mail letters. A.stamps B.novels C.instruments D.magazines( )12.(2015蘭州 )I paid￥10 for this morning.A.4 bottle milks B.4 bottles of milk C.4 bottles of milks D.4 milkAAD B課堂小測課堂小測 ( )13.(2015山東青島 )Yesterday Lucy told us such good that we were all amazed at it.A.news B.ideas C. suggestion D. answer（ ）14.（2015遼寧）Im hungry. May I have something to eat? OK. Heres some _.A.orange B. bread C. water D. milk( ) 15.(2015黑龍江)Could you give me some _?I tried several times but failed.A.notice B. suggestion C. advice D. warm( )16.(2015烏魯木齊) Our teachers usually give us some on how to face the difficulties and challenges . A.advice；brave B.advices；brave C.advices；bravely D.advice；bravelyACBD課堂小測課堂小測 （ ）17.（2015克拉瑪依）_ are planning to go on vacation. A.Blacks B. A Blacks C. The Blacks D. The Blacks（ ）18.（2015武威）_ mothers cant go to the parents meeting because they are too busy. A.Jacks and Paul B.Jacks and Pauls C.Jack and Pauls D.Jack and Paul ( )19.(2015達(dá)州)Whose dog is this？Its. Both of like it very much.A.Erics and Mikes；them B.Eric and Mikes；themC.Eric and Mikes；they D.Erics and Mikes；they（ ）20（2015佛山）Times magazine says that smart Lego has become one of favorite toys.A.child B.children C childrens D.childsDBBC英語英語首頁首頁末頁末頁( )1. What _ bow of noodles would you like,small,medium or large?A large bowl of beef noodles,please.A.color B.pirce C.size D.kind( )2. Do you like _? No, I like blue.A.orange B.apples C.flowers D.milk ( )3After P.E., I often feel very thirsty.Why not buy some to drink? A.bread B.noodles C.apple juice D.teas ( )4. Spring is Toms favourite .He likes warm weather. A.holiday B.season C.fruit D.drink C中考模擬演練中考模擬演練ACB首頁首頁末頁末頁( )5. You may go to Milan for a free trip. Its a very kind , but I really cant accept it. A.excuse B.offer C.promise D.decision ( )6. Lily, could you please pass me the ? I want to cut the apple. Sure, here you are. A.pen B. pencil C. book D. knife ( )7. I am tired.This is not the right to ask me to go for a walk. A.moment B.chance C.place D.season ( )8. In this test, were asked to write a passage of about . A.80-words B.80-word C.80 words D.80 words DA中考模擬演練中考模擬演練DC首頁首頁末頁末頁( )9. How far is it from Tianjin to Changsha？ It is a flight from Tianjin to Changsha. A.2-hour-long B.2-hours-long C.2 hours long D.2 hour long ( )10. When Peter comes, please ask him to leave a . A.notice B.message C.sentence D.information ( )11.What will global warming(全球變暖) bring us? Scientists have given us a clear list. A.news B.dangers C.courses D.advantages ( )12.If you work harder, youll have another to play the violin at a concert. A.sleep B.chance C.mistake D.problem 中考模擬演練中考模擬演練A BBB首頁首頁末頁末頁( )13.Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and . A.some rice B.a few rice C.a little rices D.a rice ( )14. The boy didnt sleep well last night because of the from the factory. A.voice B.noise C.music D.song ( )15.There are some in Dayton Art Museum.For example, no food or drink is allowed inside. A.jobs B.records C.rules D.paintings BA中考模擬演練中考模擬演練B( )16. Mum, I am hungry.May I have some ? Of course.But dont eat too much. A.bread B.noodle C.dumpling D.hamburger A首頁首頁末頁末頁( )17.When is Day?Its on June 1st, Dave. A.Child B.Children C.Childs D.Childrens ( )18.Mr.Black is a teacher of .She and her classmates like him very much. A.my sister B.my sisters C.my sisters D.my sisters ( )19.Excuse me, is the museum far from here? No, its about . A.5 minutes walk B.5 minute walk C.5 minutes walk D.5 minutes walk ( )20. I like the new teacher. Me,too.Yesterday she gave me on studying Chinese. A.some advices B.an advice C.many advices D.some advice D中考模擬演練中考模擬演練BCD英語英語首頁首頁末頁末頁( )21. There was a food accident in this primary school.About 60 were ill,but no were lost. A.child;lives B.children;lifeC.children;lives D.child;life ( )22. If you want to keep in good ,you should take every day. A.health;exercises B.healths;exerciseC.health;exercise D.healths;exercises ( )23. How many _are there on the table? Only two. A.glasses of orange B.glasses of oranges C.glass of orange D.glass of oranges ( )24. For breakfast,I usually have and two pieces of bread. A.a cup of milk half B.half a cup of milkC.a half milk cup D.half a milk cupDB中考模擬演練中考模擬演練CC首頁首頁末頁末頁( )25. Paper-making is of ancient China. A.one of greatest inventor B.one of the greatest inventors C.one of greatest invention D.one of the greatest inventions ( )26. the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are teachers. A.A number of;women B.A number of; woman C.The number of;women D.The number of;woman ( )27. It is five years since we began to enjoy a _ spring holiday each year. A.ten-day B.ten day C.ten days D.ten-days ( )28. Marys skirt is the same as her . A.sisters B.brother C.sisters D.brothers C中考模擬演練中考模擬演練DCA首頁首頁末頁末頁( )29. I dont think looking after children is just _ work. A.woman B.womans C.women D.womens( )30. I want to have a house next to my so that they can look after my son. A.parent B.parents C.parents D.parents ( )31. I hear we will have a holiday in . A.two days;two days time B.two-day;two days time C.two-day;two days time D.two days;two-day time ( )32. What is Miss Gaos favourite ?She is always in pink.Dont you know? A.colour B.book C.song D.movie 中考模擬演練中考模擬演練CDDA首頁首頁末頁末頁 ( )33. Lee is new in Nanchang.Maybe he needs a _for sightseeing. A.watch B.ticket C.map D.notebook ( )34. Mr.White,the principal, has made a great_to the growth of the school. A.contribution B.progress C.invention D.protection ( )35. I am sure Cindy will be able to find the hotel，she has a pretty good of direction. A.idea B.feeling C.experience D.sense ( )36. Its a wise to wear the white tie.It matches your shirt well. Thank you very much. A.choice B.support C.mixture D.honour AA中考模擬演練中考模擬演練CA首頁首頁末頁末頁( )37. Would you like some ?No,thanks.Im not hungry at all. A.water B.soup C.orange D.bread ( )38. Im very thirsty now. Would you like some ? A.tea B.fish C.noodles D.potatoes ( )39. I hear you are not allowed to eat in class. Right.Its one of the _in our school. A.plans B.orders C.rules D.suggestions( )40. The _ action film has attracted millions of young people to the cinema.A.130-minute B. 130-minutes C. 130 minute D. 130 minutes中考模擬演練中考模擬演練DDAA英語英語首頁首頁末頁末頁