機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動化專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文180t六梁橋式鑄造起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)

機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動化專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文-180T六梁橋式鑄造起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 任務(wù) 說明書學(xué)院直屬系 時間 學(xué) 生 姓 名指 導(dǎo) 教 師設(shè)計(jì)論文題目180噸六梁橋式鑄造起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)主要研究內(nèi)容載荷分析及其組合內(nèi)力計(jì)算按照不同的載荷組合計(jì)算各危險面的內(nèi)力簡化計(jì)算模型是必須考慮主端梁之間相互約束的影響在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行各截面的靜強(qiáng)度靜剛度動剛度疲勞強(qiáng)度局部穩(wěn)定性和整體穩(wěn)定性的驗(yàn)算以及主端梁的連接計(jì)算最后確定結(jié)構(gòu)的截面工程尺寸研究方法在滿足結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)度剛度穩(wěn)定性以及疲勞強(qiáng)度的情況下減小結(jié)構(gòu)的尺寸做到經(jīng)濟(jì)性安全性最優(yōu)組合主要技術(shù)指標(biāo) 或研究目標(biāo) 工作級別為A8級且為六梁結(jié)構(gòu)副主梁與副端梁的連接可采用焊接主要參考文獻(xiàn)1 徐克晉主編 金屬結(jié)構(gòu) 北京機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 19822 徐格寧主編 起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)金屬結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 北京機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 19953 大連起重機(jī)器廠編 起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊 沈陽遼寧人民出版社 19794 徐格寧主編 機(jī)械裝備金屬結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 普通高等教育十一五國家級規(guī)劃教材 200895 起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊編寫組 起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊 北京機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 19776 倪慶興王殿臣主編 起重輸送機(jī)械圖冊 北京機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 19927 張質(zhì)文王金諾主編 起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊 北京中國鐵道出版社 19978 陳道楠盛漢中主編 起重機(jī)課程設(shè)計(jì) 冶金工業(yè)出版社 1982目 錄摘要IIAbstractIII前言IV第一章 總體方案設(shè)計(jì)- 1 -§11 原始參數(shù)- 1 -§12總體結(jié)構(gòu)及設(shè)計(jì)- 1 -§13 材料選擇及許用應(yīng)力- 1 -§14各部件尺寸及截面性質(zhì)- 2 -第二章 橋架分析- 10 -§21 載荷組合的確定- 10 -§22 橋架假定- 10 -§23 載荷計(jì)算- 10 -§24簡化模型- 18 -§25 垂直載荷- 19 -§26 水平載荷- 22 -第三章 主主梁計(jì)算- 27 -§31 強(qiáng)度校核- 27 -§32 主主梁疲勞強(qiáng)度校核- 28 -§33 主梁的穩(wěn)定性- 30 -§34 剛度計(jì)算- 35 -第四章 副主梁校核- 38 -§41 強(qiáng)度校核- 38 -§42 副主梁疲勞強(qiáng)度校核- 39 -§43 副主梁的穩(wěn)定性- 41 -§44 剛度計(jì)算- 44 -§45 橋架拱度- 46 -第五章 端梁校核- 48 -§51 主主梁端部耳板設(shè)計(jì)- 48 -§52 副主梁一側(cè)端梁的校核- 51 -致謝- 57 -參考文獻(xiàn)- 58 -附錄A- 59 -附錄B- 65 -摘 要六梁鑄造起重機(jī)是橋式起重機(jī)的重要組成部分是中大型起重設(shè)備由四根主梁和兩根端梁組成本設(shè)計(jì)采用偏軌箱型主梁設(shè)計(jì)過程中從強(qiáng)度剛度穩(wěn)定性三個方面來計(jì)算對于A7工作級別的起重機(jī)來說還要進(jìn)行疲勞強(qiáng)度校核這就和A6以下工作級別的起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)有了很大的區(qū)別在設(shè)計(jì)時會出現(xiàn)靜強(qiáng)度有很大的富余在計(jì)算局部穩(wěn)定性的時候還要注意局部輪壓的作用這時候需要驗(yàn)算加勁肋的區(qū)格驗(yàn)算很有可能需要再次驗(yàn)算設(shè)計(jì)中在滿足剛度強(qiáng)度穩(wěn)定性的前提下探討了該機(jī)型金屬結(jié)構(gòu)受力的空間傳遞分配規(guī)律推導(dǎo)出內(nèi)力計(jì)算公式本文針對空間橋架內(nèi)力的傳遞進(jìn)行探討在一定假定條件下得出主副梁及主端梁間的傳遞規(guī)律關(guān)鍵詞鑄造起重機(jī)應(yīng)力 疲勞強(qiáng)度 穩(wěn)定性AbstractCasting six beams overhead cranes are an important component part of the medium and large lifting equipment by the four main girder beams and two-component the design based on the partial tracks box girder the design process from the strength stiffness Stability three aspects for the working-level A7 crane will run for calibration This and the following working-level A6 crane design with vastly different in the design when there are large static strength of the surplus in the calculation of regional stability but also to the partial pressure of the round This needs time checking STIFFENER checking the grid is likely to be checked again The structure of the crane is composed of the primary centrol girder the assistant centrol girder the primary dead-end girder and the assistant dead-end girder according to the trait of the crane On the advance of the intensity rigidity and structure supporting the load is studied mainly At the same time we also include the formulate which is used to calculate the internal force Some kinds of conditions are assured in order to hold the internal relation between themKey words rigidity intensity fatigue strength stability前 言本設(shè)計(jì)為18050t橋式鑄造起重機(jī)金屬結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)由于此橋式鑄造起重機(jī)的起重量大跨度大工作級別高在設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算時疲勞強(qiáng)度為其首要約束條件因此在選材時選用穩(wěn)定性好對應(yīng)力集中情況不敏感的Q235-A降低材料的成本為減少結(jié)構(gòu)的超靜定次數(shù)改善受力同時又方便運(yùn)輸橋架采用六梁鉸接式結(jié)構(gòu)主副小車的起重量均偏大故采用偏軌箱型梁橋架偏軌箱型梁橋架不僅可減小小車的外形尺寸同時也增大了起升空間有利于鑄造廠間的應(yīng)用在設(shè)計(jì)時本著滿足疲勞強(qiáng)度剛度穩(wěn)定性的前提下盡可能節(jié)約材料考慮鑄造起重機(jī)主副小車之間有一定得高度差使副小車能自如地從主小車下面通過故在設(shè)計(jì)主主梁時采用大截面薄鋼板從而達(dá)到節(jié)省材料重量輕的要求同時采用大截面又提高了梁的剛度和穩(wěn)定性根據(jù)梁的受力特點(diǎn)偏軌箱型梁主腹板上側(cè)受局部壓應(yīng)力將主腹板上側(cè)的板加厚而其它受力較小的地方則采用較薄的板以節(jié)約材料在設(shè)計(jì)過程中全部采用國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并借鑒了在實(shí)習(xí)時所參觀的太原重工大連重工起重同類產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)在結(jié)構(gòu)上進(jìn)行改進(jìn)對橋架的受力進(jìn)行了較詳盡的分析整個設(shè)計(jì)安全可靠節(jié)材耐用滿足了設(shè)計(jì)要求第一章 總體方案設(shè)計(jì)§11 原始參數(shù)起重量Q 主副 18050t跨度S 22m工作級別Ai A8起升高度H 主副 2022m起升速度V 主副 45114 mmin運(yùn)行速度 主副大車 36337735 mmin輪距 主副大車 408018509800 mm軌距 主副大車 8700300022000 mm輪壓 主副大車 345001964087600 kg起重機(jī)重量 220t§12總體結(jié)構(gòu)及設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)已給參數(shù)此橋式鑄造起重機(jī)噸位跨度較大為減少結(jié)構(gòu)的超靜定次數(shù)改善受力方便運(yùn)輸選用六梁鉸接式結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)框架如圖 1 圖 1 §13 材料選擇及許用應(yīng)力根據(jù)總體結(jié)構(gòu)鑄造起重機(jī)工作級別A8為重級工作環(huán)境溫度較高設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算時疲勞強(qiáng)度為其首要約束條件選用Q235-A考慮起重量較大主副梁均采用偏軌箱型梁材料的許用應(yīng)力及性能常數(shù)見表1表2表11 材料許用應(yīng)力板厚正應(yīng)力剪應(yīng)力mm 1637015201679184487769694106537015881754192691710131112表12 材料性能常數(shù)表彈性模量E剪切彈性模量G密度§14各部件尺寸及截面性質(zhì)1 主主梁尺寸初選高度 12941571mm考慮大車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)安裝在主梁內(nèi)且主主梁與副主梁的高度差必須滿足一定得要求故將主主梁取為大截面薄鋼板的形式以達(dá)到節(jié)省材料重量輕的要求因此取腹板高度mm為了省去走臺對寬型偏軌箱型梁主主梁腹板內(nèi)側(cè)間距取mm 440mm上下翼緣板厚度mm上翼緣板長2530mm下翼緣板長2326mm主腹板厚度 mm副腹板厚度 mm上下翼緣板外伸部分長不相同有軌道一側(cè)上翼緣板外伸長度mm取250mm其它翼緣外伸部分長度 mmmm 焊縫厚度 取 50mm軌道側(cè)主腹板受局部壓應(yīng)力應(yīng)將板加厚由局部壓應(yīng)力的分布長度設(shè)計(jì)離上翼緣板350mm的一段腹板板厚取為18mm主主梁跨中截面尺寸如圖 2 圖 2 2主主梁跨端截面尺寸高度mm要確定主主梁跨端截面尺寸只需確定其高度取 1300mm跨端下翼緣板厚度為18mm主主梁跨端截面尺寸如圖 3 3截面性質(zhì) 1 主主梁跨中 建立如圖示的坐標(biāo)系計(jì)算形心位置 1256851257mm 1238881239mm 計(jì)算彎心位置mm彎心近似地在截面對稱形心軸上其至主腹板中線的距離為1021mm凈截面面積 毛截面面積 計(jì)算慣性矩 對形心軸的慣性矩對形心軸的慣性矩 2 主主梁跨端截面性質(zhì)凈截面面積 毛截面面積 建立圖示的坐標(biāo)系計(jì)算形心位置計(jì)算慣性矩對形心軸的慣性矩對形心軸的慣性矩二副主梁尺寸1 初選梁高 12941571mm取腹板高度 上下翼緣板厚度 腹板厚度主腹板 副腹板厚度 副主梁總高 副主梁寬度 取腹板內(nèi)側(cè)間距 且 1100主腹板一側(cè)上翼緣板外伸長度 取外伸長 其余懸伸長大于15倍的焊縫厚度取其尺寸如下圖圖 4 2 副主梁跨端截面尺寸的確定 確定其高度 取腹板高度為800 副主梁跨端截面尺寸如圖 5 圖 5 3 截面性質(zhì) 1 跨中 建立圖示的直角坐標(biāo)系求形心位置凈截面面積 毛截面面積 計(jì)算彎心位置A 彎心距主腹板板厚中線的距離為 計(jì)算慣性矩 對形心軸的慣性矩對形心軸的慣性矩副主梁跨端截面性質(zhì) 建立圖示的坐標(biāo)系求截面形心位置凈截面面積 毛截面面積 對形心軸的慣性矩對形心軸的慣性矩三端梁截面尺寸考慮大車車輪的安裝及臺車的形狀尺寸端梁內(nèi)寬取為600初設(shè)截面尺寸如下圖 圖 6 形心即對稱中心 對形心軸的慣性矩凈截面面積 毛截面面積 四各截面尺寸及性質(zhì)匯總表圖 7 尺寸匯總表 13 單位mm主主梁跨中181814122530232622002400跨端181814122530232622001264副主梁跨中16161081270118011001500跨端1616108127011801100800端梁12121010660660600776截面性質(zhì)匯總表14凈面積毛面積主主梁跨中123912571512085351034跨端12376751216722837066副主梁跨中629782662001681244跨端62442753600904944端梁33040031360480680第二章 橋架分析§21 載荷組合的確定一動力效應(yīng)系數(shù)的計(jì)算1起升沖擊系數(shù) 09 對橋式鑄造起重機(jī) 2起升動載系數(shù) 主主梁 副主梁 3運(yùn)行沖擊系數(shù) 為大車運(yùn)行速度 735為軌道街頭處兩軌面得高度差 根據(jù)工作級別動載荷用載荷組合 進(jìn)行計(jì)算應(yīng)用運(yùn)行沖擊系數(shù)§22 橋架假定 為了簡化六梁鉸結(jié)橋架的計(jì)算特作如下假定根據(jù)起重機(jī)的實(shí)際工作情況以主副小車一起工作為最不利載荷工況主主梁副主梁的端部與端梁在同一水平面內(nèi)由于端梁用鉸接分成5段故副主梁的垂直載荷對相互間受力分析互不影響將端梁結(jié)構(gòu)看作多跨靜定梁主主梁受力作為基本結(jié)構(gòu)對副主梁無影響副主梁受力作為附屬部分對主主梁有影響計(jì)算副主梁水平載荷時將鉸接點(diǎn)看成剛性連接 §23 載荷計(jì)算1主主梁自重 由設(shè)計(jì)給出的主小車輪壓34500kg選用車輪材料ZG35CrMnSi車輪直徑軌道型號QU120許用值38700kg由軌道型號QU120查得軌道理論重量主小車軌道重量 欄桿等重量 主梁的均布載荷 2主小車布置兩側(cè)起升機(jī)構(gòu)對稱布置重心位于對稱中心吊具質(zhì)量 起升載荷 小車重量 因主小車噸位較大采用臺車形式八個車輪可求實(shí)際主小車滿載時的靜輪壓一根主主梁上空載小車輪壓 3慣性載荷一根主主梁上小車慣性力主小車上主動輪占一半按主動車輪打滑條件確定主小車的慣性力 大車起制動產(chǎn)生的慣性力4偏斜運(yùn)行側(cè)向力一根主主梁的重量為 主主梁跨端焊接上兩塊耳板與副主梁端梁連接在計(jì)算時按假想端梁截面進(jìn)行計(jì)算圖 8 與主主梁連接的端梁部分將超出軌距的一部分所假想而成的端梁截面尺寸其截面尺寸如下形心 對形心軸 的慣性矩對形心軸的慣性矩端梁凈截面積 端梁毛截面積 一根端梁單位長度重量一組大車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)重量 司機(jī)室及其電氣設(shè)備的重量 主主梁側(cè)假想端梁重 滿載小車在主主梁跨中左側(cè)端梁總靜輪壓由下圖 12 計(jì)算由 查圖3-8得側(cè)向力為 滿載小車在主主梁左端極限位置左側(cè)端梁總靜輪壓為 起升質(zhì)量 起升載荷 起升鋼絲繩滑輪組的最大下放長度為 取為吊具最小下放距離橋架跨中靜位移為查選用倍率 由鋼絲繩靜拉力 選用型鋼絲繩 起升鋼絲繩滑輪組的靜伸長 結(jié)構(gòu)質(zhì)量影響系數(shù) 橋式起重機(jī)的垂直自振頻率4水平動剛度起重機(jī)水平動剛度以物品高位懸掛滿載小車位于橋架跨中的水平自振頻率來表征半橋架中點(diǎn)的換算質(zhì)量為半剛架跨中在單位水平力作用下產(chǎn)生的水平位移為橋式起重機(jī)的水平自振頻率為§45 橋架拱度橋架跨度中央的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)拱度值考慮制造因素實(shí)取跨度中央兩邊按拋物曲線 設(shè)置拱度如下圖 34 距跨中為 的點(diǎn)距跨中為 的點(diǎn)距跨中為 的點(diǎn)第五章 端梁校核§51 主主梁端部耳板設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算主主梁跨端結(jié)構(gòu)受力工況滿載小車位于主梁跨端大小車同時運(yùn)行起制動及橋架偏斜1垂直載荷主梁最大支承力 因作用點(diǎn)的變動引起的附加力矩為按假想端梁計(jì)算自重 計(jì)算簡圖 35 端梁支座反力如圖截面1-1 彎矩 剪力 截面2-2 彎矩 剪力 2水平載荷端梁的水平載荷有亦按簡支梁計(jì)算見圖 36 因作用點(diǎn)外移引起的附加水平彎矩為彎矩 截面1-1 剪切力 截面2-2在水平力作用下2-2處水平反力3主梁端部耳板設(shè)計(jì)截面性質(zhì)建立如圖示坐標(biāo)系校核截面2-2處腹板中軸處切應(yīng)力 合格截面1-1處銷軸所受剪應(yīng)力在驗(yàn)算端梁完計(jì)算見后面§52 副主梁一側(cè)端梁的校核1端梁校核載荷計(jì)算副主梁與端梁看作是多跨靜定梁的附屬部分主主梁對附屬部分無影響工況取滿載小車位于主梁跨端大小車同時起制動及橋架偏斜 1 垂直載荷主梁最大支承力 因作用點(diǎn)的變動引起的附加力矩為端梁自重 端梁在垂直載荷作用下按簡支梁計(jì)算端梁支反力 截面1-1 截面2-2 2 水平載荷端梁的水平載荷有按簡支梁計(jì)算因作用點(diǎn)外移引起的附加水平彎矩為先求支反力端梁的水平反力 水平剪切力 彎矩 截面1-1剪切力 軸向力 2強(qiáng)度校核只需校核2-2截面截面角點(diǎn)處應(yīng)力腹板邊緣的應(yīng)力翼緣板對中軸的靜矩為折算應(yīng)力為 3疲勞強(qiáng)度只考慮垂直載荷工況滿載小車位于跨中及跨端截面2-2滿載小車在副主梁跨端時端梁截面2-2的最大彎矩和剪切力為空載小車位于跨中時端梁支反力下翼緣板焊縫應(yīng)力根據(jù)A8及Q235下翼緣板采用雙面貼角焊縫應(yīng)力集中等級查得 焊縫拉伸疲勞許用應(yīng)力 合格按查得取拉伸疲勞許用應(yīng)力 合格4穩(wěn)定性整體穩(wěn)定性 穩(wěn)定局部穩(wěn)定性 翼緣板 穩(wěn)定腹板 不需設(shè)置橫隔板5校核銷軸所受的力如圖 40 耳板與端梁連接處銷軸14所受垂直方向的剪力較大而23受水平方向拉力其在垂直方向幾乎不受力只需校核受力較大的14銷軸設(shè)計(jì)銷軸直徑為對銷軸 合格對支撐板的擠壓應(yīng)力設(shè)支撐板厚20mm支撐板的擠壓力 合格6副主梁與端梁的連接副主梁與端梁采用連接板貼角焊縫連接主梁兩側(cè)各用一塊連接板與端梁的腹板焊接連接板厚 高度 取主梁腹板與端梁腹板之間留有的間隙在組裝橋架時用來調(diào)整跨度主梁翼緣板伸出梁端套裝在端梁翼緣板外側(cè)用貼角焊縫周邊焊住必要時在主梁端部內(nèi)側(cè)主端梁的上下翼緣板處焊上三角板以增強(qiáng)連接的水平剛度承受水平剪力副主梁最大支承力 連接處需要的焊縫長度為 合格至此橋架設(shè)計(jì)全部合格橋架結(jié)構(gòu)施工圖見附圖致 謝感謝參考文獻(xiàn)1 徐克晉主編 金屬結(jié)構(gòu) 北京機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 19822 徐格寧主編 起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)金屬結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 北京機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 19953 大連起重機(jī)器廠編 起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊 沈陽遼寧人民出版社 19794 徐格寧主編 機(jī)械裝備金屬結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 普通高等教育十一五國家級規(guī)劃教材 200895 起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊編寫組 起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊 北京機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 19776 倪慶興王殿臣主編 起重輸送機(jī)械圖冊 北京機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 19927 張質(zhì)文王金諾主編 起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊 北京中國鐵道出版社 19978 陳道楠盛漢中主編 起重機(jī)課程設(shè)計(jì) 冶金工業(yè)出版社 19829 徐格寧智浩編 太原重型機(jī)械學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào) 1993年第4期第14卷鑄造起重機(jī)橋架空間結(jié)構(gòu)分析與疲勞計(jì)算 199310 劉鴻文主編 材料力學(xué) 高等教育出版社 2003附錄APortal powerChinas rapid economic growth in the past decade has resulted in a big increase in freight traffic through the countrys seaports Old ports are being expanded and new ports built to handle the large growth in container and bulk cargo traffic all along the Chinese coastlineChinas port expansion programme has provided a strong boost to the domestic port equipment industry which has enjoyed a strong increase in demand for port cranes of various types including container cranes and portal cranes along with bulk cargo handling equipmentState-run China Harbour Engineering group Corporation Ltd established under the ruling State Council is Chinas largest supplier of port cranes and bulk cargo handling equipment The organization controls both Shanghai Zhenhua Port Machinery Co Ltd ZPMC the worlds largest manufacturer of quayside container cranes and Shanghai Port Machinery Plant SPMP which specializes in the manufacturer of portal cranes and other cranes used in ports along with dry bulk cargo handling equipmentSPMPs main market is China although the company is looking to expand its overseas sales Although less well known than its associate ZPMC SPMP also operates large manufacturing facilities and is due to move part of its production shortly to Changxing Island near Shanghai where ZPMC already operates a large container crane fabrication plantPortal and other harbour cranes are SPMPs major production item During the past two years the corporation has won contracts for 145 portal cranes from port authorities throughout China both from new ports under construction and ports undergoing expansionIn recent years SPMP has also supplied portal cranes to the United States Iraqand MyanmarThe port Rangoon of Myanmar in has purchased a 47m40t portal crane while BIW of the United States has purchased three cranes-15t150t and 300t portal cranes Elsewhere SPMP has supplied 12 portal cranes to several ports in Iraq since the end of the Saddam regime In China SPMPs recent major orders for portal cranes include eight 40t 45m radius cranes for Tianjin Overseas Mineral Terminal while Yan Tai Port Bureau in Guangdong in southern China has purchased six 40t 45m radius cranes Other large orders include seven 10t 25m radius cranes for Zhenjiang Port Group and an order of 1025t 33m radius cranes from Fangcheng Port Bureau while the Yingkou Port Group has ordered 1325t35m radius cranes along with two 40t 44m radius port cranesMANY CRANES BUILT TO ORDERSPMP also supplies other cranes used in ports and harbours many of which are built to order for clients Quayside container cranes have been supplied to a number of foreign clients including Bangkok Port in Thailand Kaohsiung Port in Taiwan and Port of Vancouver in Canada In China SPMP has supplied quayside container cranes to Shanghai Port Tianjin Port Yin Kou Port Yan Tai Port and others The company also supplies rubber-tyred container gantry cranes to domestic and overseas clientsCustomers for other cranes used in ports include Guangzhou Port in Guangdong which purchased a 25t floating crane while Zhonggang Port has bought two double trolley 12563t gantry cranes along with a700t overhead crane In 2003 Zhonggang Port awarded a contract to SPMP for a 2600t floating crane whichi is the largest crane the company has made in recent yearsOther customers include Zhongyuan Nanytong Shipyard of Jiangsu Province has purchased two 300t goliath cranes for use in its shipyard while Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipyard uses two of SPMPs 600t goliath cranes for its shipbuilding operations SPMP has two factories The Shanghai plant employs 2000 workers while a factory in Jiangsu Province employs 1500 workers The combined total of 3500 workers includes 800 technical and management staff involved in designing developing and building portal and other cranes along with dry bulk cargo loading and unloading equipmentCurrently SPMP is preparing to vacate its Shanghai factory site as the companys existing plot of land is part of a riverside area earmarked by the Shanghai Expo in 2010 SPMPs Shanghai factory will close at the end of 2006 and move to a new site on nearby Changxing IslandThe new factory will be much bigger than the present plant Li said Phase 1 will be ready for us when we move at the end of 2006In addition to moving the Shanghai factory to a new site SPMP expects future business operation with ZPMCOfficials at China Harbour Engineering Group Corporation are understood to have told SPMP of plants for SPMP and ZPMC to co-operate more in bidding for projects in future Both companies are expected to retain their individual manufacturing capability however with precise details of future co-operation still some way from being finalisedMeanwhile SPMP associate company ZPMC is strengthening its position as the worlds largest manufacturer of ship-to-shore container cranes supplying slightly more than half the annual international container crane market In addition to operating four crane production complexes for its crane manufacturing and other businessesZPMCs full range of products includes quayside container cranes rubber-tyred gantry cranes bulk material ship loaders and unloaders bucket-wheel stackers and reclaimers portal cranes floating cranes and engineering vessels The company has also diversified into manufacturing other large steel structures including large steel bridgesZPMC EXPANDING PRODUCTIONZPMCs cranes and other products are in use at over 150 shipping terminals in 37 countries and regions worldwide By the end of December 2005 ZPMC had supplied 705 quayside container cranes and had orders in hand to deliver another 128 quayside container cranes in 2006 In addition at the end of 2005 ZPMC had delivered 1148 rubber-tyred gantry cranes to customers worldwide and had orders in hand to deliver 308 rubber-tyred gantry cranes to customers in 2006ZPMC is expanding production facilities in expectation that the volume of orders will grow in future The company owns four crane production complexes in Shanghai and the surrounding area at Jiangyin Changzhou Zhangjiang and Changxing IslandThe Changxing production site which was completed in 2001 covers one million sq m and has a 35km coastline The facility is capable of manufacturing 160 quayside ship-to-shore container cranes each year along with 300 rubber-tyred gantry cranes and 200000 metric tons of large steel bridge structuresPlans call for a futher 3 million sq m of land to be reclaimed at Changxing which ZPMC will develop to become its largest production centreKorea looks inward In a fragmented global port crane industry Korean manufacturers are being forced to look for more business in their domestic markets South Koreas container crane and port crane equipment manufacturing industry has become more focused on the domestic market in recent years as manufacturers have faced tough price competition from ZPMC of China in major foreign markets The problem is the same as that faced by other port crane manufacturers around the world none of which account for more than about an 8 share of the world container crane market As well as ZPMC competition from European and Japanese equipment suppliers is also strong both for quayside container cranes and for rubber-tyred gantry crane contracts While South Korean firms-including Hyundai Heavy Industries Samsung Heavy Industries Doosan Heavy Industries and Hanjin Heavy Industries continue to bid for international contracts winning large orders has become increasingly rare Doosan Heavy Industries Construction Co Ltd is believed to be the only South Korean port crane maker to have won a large container crane contract during the past few years with most orders booker by Korean manufacturers being for less than 10 crane units Doosan recently completed delivery of a 42-unit rubber-tyred gantry crane RTGC order to the Port of Singapore Authority PSN that was awarded in 2004 Including a recent contract Doosan has received orders to supply the Port of Singapore with a total of 120 RTGCs since 1997 The recent batch of RTGCs is designed for increased safety Esch of the RTGCs is fitted with 16 wheels instead of the usual eight We have supplied container cranes locally and overseas Most projects are one or two units but Singapore has been 120 units commented a source in Doosan Heavy Industries material handling equipment division Container cranes can lift one or two containers depending on the client but the twin spreader design is normal now Our biggest contract before was with Pusan Port for over 10 container cranesBUILDING POWER PLANTSDoosan Heavy Industries major activities include the design and construction of power plants Apart from supplying protection equipment Doosan also manufactures turbines and generator sets Doosan has a large castings and forging division Other major activities include the construction of desalination plants in the Middle East Container port handling equipment is produced by Doosans material handling equipment division which supplies coal handling equipment and bulk cargo handling facilities for other industries Port of Singapore Authority is the largest customer for RTGCs Other recent clients include Southern Gateway Terminals in Colombo Sri Lanka and Korea Express in the Port of Pusan Doosan also supplies ship to shore container cranes Recent quayside gantry crane clients include Jakarta Container Terminal in Indonesia Jawaharlal Nehru Port near Mumbai in India and Frazer Terminal in Vancouver Prospects for our port crane sales are not bright ZPMC is dominating the world market due to price the source commented We are looking for projects not invoving ZPMC as they are not concerned with all projects We got contracts in Singapore in 2004 and 2005 We had no success anywhere else but we are still bidding on various tenders Doosan is expected to be one of the bidders for container cranes to be installed in South Koreas planned Kwangyang Bay Port expansion The companys RD division is involved developing new automated controls that will be required for quayside container cranes installed in the port expansion Container cranes are well developed in technical terms There is nothing else to develop except for automation the source said We are developing more automated controls but the new features are not commercialized yet Our government has a plan for Kwangyang Bay 3-2 terminal project which they announced will be developed as an automated terminal We have to adapt to this The tender has been postponed for about six years We expect the project will be tendered again in 2007 or 2008 South Koreas other container crane manufacturers also are expected to bid for the Kwangyang Bay project which is likely to be awarded to a local supplier Hyundal Samho Heavy Industries will be among the bidders having recently commissioned five automated rail mounted gantry cranes RMGCs also known as automated transfer cranes at Pusan East Container Terminal PECT The terminal has become the first terminal in Korea to install automated cranes which are in service at new berths four and five The cranes stack nine-wide between a 285m rail gauge and have dual cantilevers covering two road lanes Stack height is 1 over 6 by 9ft 6in high and operational speeds are 150mmin for the gantry 120mmin for the trolley and 75