水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計外文文獻翻譯

翻譯部分英文原 文THE DESIGN OF FR UIT AUTOM ATED SORTINGS YSTEMAbstract: The article in troduced the flow and desig n scheme of fruit automated sorting system,the computer tech no logy and automatic tech no logy is used in some tech no logy, such asthedetecti on and con trol tech no logy, the digital image process ing tech no logy, the computerperipheral device and in terface tech no logy, Pattern Recog niti on tech no logy etc, is used in thefruit automated sortin gsystem.Keywords:the fruit, automatedsort ingsystem,automati on,the digitalimageprocessi ng,PatternRecog nitio n1. INT RODU CTIONWit h the development of modern agriculture &fo restry and the enhance of in dustrialsta ndard,theoutputoffr uitsfromi nne rcoun trya ndabroadarebei ngraisedswift ly.On the on eha n d,thefruitsfromdi fferentdistrictaresoldinlocalarea,ontheotherhand,moreplentyoffruitsaresoldtootherdi stri cteve nabroad,a ndthesefruitsdema ndbe in gpackedaccord in gtodiff ere nt quality. In order to packagethesefruits,wemusttodesig nafruitautomatedsorti ngsystem,becauseifthesefruitswerepackedbyha nd,on ethe on ehaid ,Thetaskisharda nditi sinefficient;ontheotherhand,itisnotm eetthedemandsofmodernfruitpa ckage,whichisneedto be Mu lti - layer or high standard or high san itary sta ndard.To advaneed country after second war, the automated sorting system is one of theessentialequipment of Logistics centre,Distribut ion Centre,or ci rculat ion centre(Huang,2002),i t was in Ameri ca n and E urope in the 1960s, automated sorting system was used in Japa n in1970s(Xu,2002 ) ,Atthepreseit ,automatedsortingsystemisalsosuccessuaedinpostofficebesidesabovefield .Withthe improvementofmode rnizationstandard,itiswidelyusedinmoreand more field.almostnosuccessusingaboutfrui tautomatedsortingsystembecauseitconcernalotsofknowledgeandsubject,atthesametime,itdemandmorehigherlevelofartificia l.Atpresent, weca non lyseethe newsaboutFruit on icscompa ny,whichhavedesig nedasetoffruitautomated sortin gsystem.2. THEHARDWARE DESIGNOFFRUITAUTOMATEDSORTINGSYSTEMIn thecourseofdesig nin goftheSystem,allki ndsoffactorarecomprehe nsivelythoughtwhe n fruits are sorted. All kinds of tech no logy, such as detect ion and con trol tech no logy,thecomputer peripheralequipme nt and in terface tech no logy,the digital imageprocess in gtech no logy and Patter n Recog niti on tech no logy, is used, at the same time, adva need algorithmis used in the course of pattern identification, and it improve the accurate rate of fruit sorting.2.1 The hardware con sists of fruit automated sort in gsystemThereareallsortsofautomatedsorti ngsystem,a nditssta ndardisdiffere nt.l ngen eral,a nautomated sorting system is consists of seven partition(Xu,2002),it is:collection Conveyor,feedConveyor,th eSettingDeviceOfsorting instruction,confl uencedevice,sortingconveyer,sortingand discharge cargo port,computerc on troll er(Fig.l)2.2 The consists of hardware and work p ri nciples of fruit a utomated sorting systemThe fruit automated sorting system is based of the traditional automated sorting system,but it is different of the tradi ti onal automated sort ing system, it is an automate d sort ingsystemwhic h i s high in tell ige nt, real-time, Mult ilayer, multikno wledge fi elds and multiclass.Thissystemhasseveralpart(X u,2002),suchas:conveyerdevice,thewei ghtsortingdevice,theappear ance sorting device,and the quality sorting device etc.(Fig.2).The Design of Fruit Automat ed SortingSystemFig . 1 . The hardw a re diag ram of fruit automated sorting system(1) in put con veyer belt; (2) fill cargo con veyer belt; (3) steel con veyer belt; (4) Diverter;(5)outputRollers; (6) sorting port; (7) signal giver; (8) laser ISBN reader; (9) pass detector;(10)magnetism signal generator; (11) controller; (12) magnetism signal reader; (13) full scaledetector.Fig . 2 . The hardw are consists of fruit automated sorting systemThe function module of the fruit automated sorting system is adapt to its Thehardwareconsist, three module, which is weight sorting module, appearanee sorting model andqualitysorting module, is concluded in the system. The work principles of the each function moduleca nbe expla ined by the Figure (Fig. 3) (Ha n,2004).AD oor'Elinf*Fig . 3 . The hardw are consists of the w e ig ht sortingdevice2.2.1 The weight sorting device and its workpri ncipleThe fruit which is need to be sorted is transferred to the fruit receive &distribute devicebyc on veyerbelt(Fig.3),thefruitreceive& distributedeviceca ndetecttheweighti nformatio no ffruitbypressurese nsor,thea nalogweighti nformatio nfro mpressurese nsoristra nsferredtodigitali nformatio nbyA/Dswitch(Zhu,2001),thedigitali nformatio nisse nttothe computer,thecomputerprocessthesei nformatio nbyspecialsoftware,theresultfromcomputerisse nttodif ferent passageway by parallel in terface (the purpose is to con trol the con troller fromfruitreceive &distribute device which can control the destination of the fruits), the digitalinformation from parallel in terface is convert to the an alog sig nal by D/A switch, the an alogdrjeesignal is magnified by signal ampl ifier and it is sent to the fruit receive &di stribute device ino rdertoco ntroltheFlowDirecti onoft hediffere ntwe ightfruit .I no rdertoe nterthe nextsort in gstep, which is appearance sorting, the fruit from wei ght sorting device is sent to theappearancesorting device to be sorted by appeara nce sort ing device.The Desig n of Fruit Automated Sort in gSy stemFig . 4 . The hardw are consists of the w e ig ht sortingdevice2.2.2 The appearance sorting device and its work principleThe fruit from weight sorting device is sent to the fruit receive &distribute device oftheappearance sorting device (Fig. 4), the high speed camera shoot fruit from various an gles,theimagefromcamerabese nttothecomputerbythevideocapturecard,thecomputerprocessthevide o in formati on by special software, the result from computer is the classified sig nal of fruit,the sig nal ope n the differe nt sort ing passageway by parallel in terface, and the n the sig nalismag nified by the signal amplifier. In order to control the fruit receive &distribute device, thefruits are sent to the different passageway, and at last the fruit can be sent to the packagedevice.The image from camera should be processed by edge detecti on and no ise remov ing (eve n itmustbecurvefitti ng)(Guo,2004),a ndthe ni tbematchedtodiffere ntfruitappeara ncesothatthe fruit can be sorted byappeara nce.2.2.3 The quality sorting device and its workprincipleThe two devices, which is the quality sort ing device and appeara nce sort ing device, have the similar work process (Fig. 4). there are two different: one different is that the highspeedcameramustbei nfraredhighspeedcamera;a no therdiffere ntisthattheyhavediffere ntprocesss oftware .the software of the quality sorting device can process the fruit appeara nce quality(suchas color and luster, stain etc) and inner quality (it is rot or not) according to the imagefromcamera. It sorts manly according to the image from the infrared high speed camera and thetradesta ndard .In theprocessofsorti ng,itmakesfulluseofthedigitalimageprocessi ngtech no logya ndPa tternRecog niti on tech no logy.l ngen eral,thefirststepistoscree naccordi ngtocolora ndlusterand sta in,the second step is to screen the inner quality of the fruit according to theinfraredimage.3. THESOFTWAREDESIGNOFFRUITAUTOMATEDSORTINGSYSTEMIn the course of the desig ning software of the System, differe nt developme nt tool should bethought because it refers to the hardware. the software of weight sorting and thecomputerinterface is need to be developed by assembler programming Ianguage because it referstohardware, other software,such asthedigitalimageprocessing,theserialinterfacecommunicationetc,canbedeveloped by Vc+, It has several special C on trol in Vc+ aboutserial in terface com muni cation (Do ng,2005).4. SUMMARYThe frui t automated sorting system refers to differe nt tech no logy form diff ere ntsubject,suchasautomatictech no logy,thesoftwareandhardwaretech nologyofcomput er.Thedig italimageprocessingtechnology,theartific ialint ell igencetechnol ogyetc.thepaperintroducedthedesignth oughoffrui tautomatedsortingsystem,theconsistsofhardware,workprinciplean dthedesignofsoftware.T hefinalappli cationofthesystemcanbringabout largesocialbenefitandeconomic benefit to agriculture product ion an dma nageme nt.REFERENCES1 DongS.L. ApplicationofPLCin the Automatic Sorting S ystem, Machine Tool& Hydraulics,2005,5:136-147.2 GuoX. F., Liu W.T.AnAutomatic Feather Selecti ng System by ImageProcessi ng,ModernElectro nic Tech ni que, 2004,3:30-33. Han Y. M., Wang D., Wei H. H., Tan C. Q. The Desig n of the Parcel AutomaticSorti ngSystem, Mechanical &Electrical Engineering Magazine, 2004,8:11-12.4 Hua ngQ.M. Automatic Sort ingS ystem andAn alysisofapplicati onprospect,LogisticsTech no logy, 2002,5:7-15.5 XieL.X.,Yang H. Y. Design andImplementation ofStatisticandAnalysis SystemforAutomatic Luggage Sorting System, Computer Engineering(Supplementary Issue), 2005,31:3-6.6 XuS . Y. Automatic Sorting System and the applicati on, Logistics andMaterialHa ndli ng,2002,3:33-39.7 Zhu Z. T. The design of computer auto-sorting system, Computer Engineering an dDesig n,2001,6:66-88.中文譯文水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計摘要：本文介紹了水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的流程和設(shè)計方案，計算機技術(shù)和自動化技術(shù)已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和管理中。在這個系 統(tǒng)中，有一些技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，如檢測與控制技術(shù)，數(shù)字化圖像處理技術(shù)，計算機外圍設(shè)備和接口 技術(shù)，模式識別技術(shù)等，這些都用于水果自動 分揀系統(tǒng)。關(guān)鍵詞：水果，自動分揀系統(tǒng)，自動化，數(shù)字圖像處理，模式識別。1.介紹隨著現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)和林業(yè)的發(fā)展和工業(yè)標準的提高，國內(nèi)外的水果產(chǎn)量迅速增加。一方面，不同區(qū)域的水果在本地售賣。另一方面，很多水果銷往其他地區(qū)甚至遠銷國外，并且這些 水果需要根據(jù)不同的品質(zhì)來分類。為了將這些水果分類包裝，我們就必須設(shè)計一種水果自 動分揀系統(tǒng)，因為手動分揀這些水果會比較困難，一方面是效率低下；另一方面是不能滿 足當代的水果分裝要求，現(xiàn)代的水果分裝具有多層次并符合高衛(wèi)生標準。在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后，在發(fā)達國家的物流中心、配送中心、流通中心自動分揀系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)成為一種基本的設(shè)備。早在20世紀60年代，自動分揀系統(tǒng)就已經(jīng)在美國和歐洲使用了，到了 70年代也已經(jīng)在日本使用。目前，自動分揀系統(tǒng)也被成功的運用在了郵局系統(tǒng)里。 隨著現(xiàn)代化標準的 進步，自動分揀系統(tǒng)越來越多的應(yīng)用于更多領(lǐng)域。不過就目前來看，自動分揀系統(tǒng)還沒有成功 應(yīng)用于對水果進行 分類，因為這個要同時 考慮太多的知識和目標，也要求更高水平的人工成分。我們現(xiàn)在只能從蘋果供應(yīng)商公司得到一點消息，該公司設(shè)計了 一套水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)2. 水果分揀系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè) 計在這個系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的過程中，水果分類需要全面考慮各種因素。還有各種技術(shù)因素，如檢測和控制技術(shù)，電腦周邊設(shè)備和接口技術(shù)，數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)和模式識別技術(shù)，都有應(yīng)用其中，另外，先進算法也要用在模式識別當中，可以提高水果分揀的計算準確率。2.1水果分揀系統(tǒng)的硬件組成 目前已有很多種自動分揀系統(tǒng)，而且標準也各有不同。一般來說，自動分揀系統(tǒng)包括七個部分，分別是： 收集輸送機，輸送帶，分揀說明的設(shè)置裝置，合流設(shè)備，分揀輸送機，分揀和卸貨口，電腦控制器。（見圖1）水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計圖圖1.水果自動分類系統(tǒng)的硬件圖（1）進給輸送帶；（2）裝貨物輸送帶；（3）鋼輸送帶；（4）換向器；（5）輸出輥子；（6）分揀道口； （7）信號發(fā)射器；（8）激光 ISBN掃描儀；（9）接近開關(guān)；（10）磁信號發(fā)生器；（11）控制器；（12）磁信號接收器；（13）全方位探測器；2.2水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的軟件組成和工作原理水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)是以傳統(tǒng)的分揀系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ)，但是又不同于傳統(tǒng)的分揀系統(tǒng)，它是一 個高智能，實時的，多層的，多領(lǐng)域和多層次的系統(tǒng)。這個系統(tǒng)包括幾個部分，如輸送設(shè)備,重量分揀設(shè)備，外觀分揀設(shè)備和質(zhì)量分揀設(shè)備等。去外觀分 選裝髯2-驕呈歸揀 裳蜀存去外觀分選 裝貿(mào)比圖2水果自動分類系統(tǒng)的組成水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的功能模塊與其硬件相適應(yīng)，包括三個模塊，分別是重量分類模塊、外觀分類模塊和質(zhì)量分類模塊。每個功能模塊的工作原理如圖3所示（Han, 2004）。圖3重量分選裝置的硬件構(gòu)成221 重量分類設(shè)備及其工作原理需要分類的水果通過傳輸帶傳輸?shù)剿邮赵O(shè)備與配送設(shè)備（圖3），水果接收與配送設(shè)備可以利用壓力傳感器獲得水果重量的信息，從壓力傳感器上獲得的模擬重量信息通過模擬/數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字信息（Zhu，2001），數(shù)字信息被傳送給計算機，計算機利用特定的軟件處理這些信息，最后由計算機得出的結(jié)果通過并行接口發(fā)送到不同的通道（這樣做的目的是為了控制從水果接收與配送設(shè)備），并行接口中的數(shù)字信號由數(shù)字/模擬轉(zhuǎn)換器 轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬信號，為了控制不同重量水果的流方向，我們將得到的模擬信號使用信號放大器放大 后再發(fā)送給水果接收與配送設(shè)備。為了進入下一個分類模塊，即形狀分類模塊，我們將重量 分類設(shè)備分揀出的水果傳送到外觀分類器中。并行接口*D4銬抑圖4重量分選裝置的硬件構(gòu)成2.2.2外觀分類器及其工作原理從重量分類器中挑出的水果被傳送到外觀分類器中的水果接收與配送設(shè)備中，首先利用高速照相機從不同的角度拍攝水果的形狀，從照相機中獲得的圖片通過視頻采集卡傳送給 計算機，然后計算機利用特定的軟件處理采集卡上的信息，利用計算機處理后的結(jié)果是水果 的分類信號，該分類信號利用并行接口打開了不同的分類通道，接著用放大器放大該信號。 為了控制水果接收與配送設(shè)備，我們將水果傳送到不同的通道，最后將水果傳送到包裝設(shè)備。相機中的圖片應(yīng)該進行邊緣檢測和去噪處理（甚至必須進行曲線校正）（Guo ,2004），然后將處理完的圖片信息與不同的水果外觀做匹配，這樣就可以在外觀上將水果進行分類。223質(zhì)量分類器及其工作原理質(zhì)量分類器和外觀分類器這兩個設(shè)備的工作原理差不多（圖4）。但二者存在兩個不同點：一個是高速相機必須是紅外線高速相機； 軟件可以根據(jù)相機獲得的圖片處理水果外觀質(zhì)量（是否腐爛）。它主要是根據(jù)紅外線高速相機另一個是處理軟件不同。質(zhì)量分類器所用的 （如:顏色和色澤、染色等）和內(nèi)部質(zhì)量 和行業(yè)標準進行分類的。在分類的過程中,設(shè)備充分的使用了數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)和模式識別技術(shù)。總而言之，第一步主要根據(jù)顏色、色澤和染色程度來審 查水果的外部質(zhì)量，第 二步是根據(jù)紅外線圖像 來審查水果的內(nèi)部質(zhì)量。3. 水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的軟 件設(shè)計在系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計過程中，需要根據(jù)它的硬件來考慮開發(fā)不同的軟件開發(fā)工具。根據(jù)硬件要求，重量分揀和計算機接口的軟件應(yīng)該用匯編程序語言，其他的軟件，比如數(shù)字圖像處理，串行接口通信，要用 Vc+來開發(fā)，因為在 Vc+中有關(guān)于串行接口通信的幾個特 殊控制。4. 總結(jié)水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)參考應(yīng)用了不同的技術(shù)和不同的主體，如自動技術(shù)，計算機的軟件和硬件技術(shù)，數(shù)字圖像處理技術(shù)，人工智能技術(shù)等等。本論文主要介紹了水果自動分揀系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計思想，硬件組成，工作原理和軟件設(shè)計。這個系統(tǒng)的最終應(yīng)用會給農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和管理中帶來巨大的社會利益和經(jīng)濟利益。參考文獻1 DongS.L.可編程序控制器（PLC）在自動分類系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用.機床及水力學(xué).2005年,5:136-147。2 GuoX.F.,LiuW. T.自動羽毛選擇系統(tǒng)圖像處理.現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù)，2004,3:30-33。3 Han Y. M., Wang D., Wei H. H., Tan C.Q.包裹自動分類系統(tǒng).機械和電氣工程專業(yè)雜志,2004 年,8:11-12。4 HuangQ.M.自動分類系統(tǒng)和物流技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景.物流技術(shù),2002年,5:7-15。Xie L. X., Yang H.Y.設(shè)計和實現(xiàn)自動統(tǒng)計與分析系統(tǒng)的行李整理系統(tǒng).計算機工程（補充）,2005 年,31:3-6。XuS.Y.自動分類系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用.物流及材料處理，2002年,3:33-39。7ZhuZ.T.計算機自動分揀的設(shè)計系統(tǒng)、計算機工程與設(shè)計.2001年,6:66-88。