天津市武清區(qū)楊村第四中學(xué)高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題十三 名詞性從句課件 外研版

專題十三：名詞性從句專題十三：名詞性從句Related Conception (相關(guān)概念相關(guān)概念)1.名詞名詞: 表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。2.名詞在句子當(dāng)中一般可以作什么成分名詞在句子當(dāng)中一般可以作什么成分?名詞在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和名詞在句中主要作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。同位語。學(xué)學(xué).科科.網(wǎng)網(wǎng)The boy is li Ming.主語表語Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .主語同位語賓語在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髟谟⒄Z的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)語、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng),這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句。這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句。什么是名詞性從句什么是名詞性從句? 1.When we will start is not clear. 2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief. 3. My idea is that we should do it right now. 4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主語從句主語從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句同位語從句同位語從句名詞性從句的種類名詞性從句的種類請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句1.What I want to do is taking a bath.2.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.3.I dont think (that) he is an honest boy.4.The fact is that he stole the car.5.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?6.It is said that they won the game.7.Do you know the man who is standing over there?( (主從主從) )( (同位語從句同位語從句) )( (賓從賓從) )( (表從表從) )( (同位語從句同位語從句) )( (定從定從) )( (主從主從) )名詞性從句的連接詞？名詞性從句的連接詞？學(xué)學(xué).科科.網(wǎng)網(wǎng)例詞例詞功能功能從屬從屬連詞連詞that, whether,if，as if（只用于表（只用于表詞從句）詞從句）只起連接作用，只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分。不充當(dāng)任何成分。連接連接代詞代詞Who, whom, what, which ,whose既起連接作用，既起連接作用，本身又做從句的本身又做從句的主、賓、表或定主、賓、表或定等成分等成分連接連接副詞副詞when, where, why, how，how many, how much既起連接作用，既起連接作用，本身又做從句的本身又做從句的狀語狀語。學(xué)學(xué).科科.網(wǎng)網(wǎng)主語從句主語從句學(xué)學(xué).科科.網(wǎng)網(wǎng) 主語從句在復(fù)合句中做句子的主語。主語從句在復(fù)合句中做句子的主語。1. 1. ThatThat she passed the driving test made us she passed the driving test made us amazed.amazed.2. 2. WhyWhy he failed the exam wasnhe failed the exam wasnt clear.t clear.4. 4. It It is a pity is a pity thatthat she cannot come. she cannot come.3. 3. WhetherWhether he has failed the exam wasnhe has failed the exam wasnt t clear.clear.當(dāng)主語從句較長時(shí)，多放在句子后部，用當(dāng)主語從句較長時(shí)，多放在句子后部，用 it 作形式主語，作形式主語，常用句型有：常用句型有：學(xué)學(xué).科科.網(wǎng)網(wǎng) 、obvious、true、natural、good、surprising、likely2、It + be + 名詞詞組 + that從句常見n：no wonder、an hour、a good thing、a pity、no surprise、a pity、a shame(1) It is a pity that we cant go.(2) It is no surprise that our team should have won the game. That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.1.1.注意：從句作主語時(shí)，就算是句子意思完整，注意：從句作主語時(shí)，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上從屬連詞都要加上從屬連詞thatthatWhether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.2.2.注意：主語從句表示注意：主語從句表示“是否是否” ” 只用只用“whether” whether” 而不用而不用“if”if”3.3.主語從句有時(shí)用主語從句有時(shí)用“it”it”作形式主語，把真作形式主語，把真正的主語放在后面，以避免頭重腳輕。四中正的主語放在后面，以避免頭重腳輕。四中固定搭配固定搭配It + be + 形容詞形容詞 that從句從句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It + be + -ed分詞分詞 that從句從句It is known to us/all that . 眾所周知眾所周知用用it形式主語的形式主語的that從句的四種不同從句的四種不同的搭配：的搭配：It + be + 名詞名詞 that從句從句It is a fact that 事實(shí)是事實(shí)是It + 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 that從句從句It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起(1) This was what Tom was reading.(2) The truth is that I have never been there.(3) It looks as if it is going to rain.(4) The reason why he was late was that he got up late.(5) This is how we overcame the difficulties.(6) That is why she was absent yesterday.(7) The house is where Lu Xun once lived.在句中充當(dāng)表語的從句在句中充當(dāng)表語的從句(即放在即放在be動(dòng)動(dòng)詞后面詞后面)叫做表語從句。叫做表語從句。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.1. 1. 注意：引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞一般不省略。注意：引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞一般不省略。The question is whether it is worth doing.2.2.注意：表語從句表示注意：表語從句表示“是否是否” ” 只用只用“whether” whether” 而不用而不用“if”if”試區(qū)分以下句子試區(qū)分以下句子Is this museum what you visited?Is this the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?注意：這種句子考試時(shí)一定要記住這句話：名注意：這種句子考試時(shí)一定要記住這句話：名詞前（尤其是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前）一定要有限定詞前（尤其是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前）一定要有限定詞。然后把句子變換成陳述句，接著判斷句子詞。然后把句子變換成陳述句，接著判斷句子是屬于哪種從句。是屬于哪種從句。( (表從表從) )( (定從定從) )( (定從定從) )1、用作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語、用作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(1) They pretended （that） they were reading in the room.(2) I didnt know what they were talking about.(3) Do you know why winter is colder than summer?(4) He couldnt tell where his home was.(5) John made the boy sit still, promising （that ）nothing would hurt him.2、用作介詞的賓語從句：、用作介詞的賓語從句： I was pleased by what he told me. He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says. He told of how he helped the old woman to find her missing son.注意事項(xiàng)：注意事項(xiàng)：A. 賓語從句中，表示賓語從句中，表示“是否是否”既可以用既可以用whether,也可以用也可以用if，但是，但是1）在）在whether or not結(jié)構(gòu)中不可用結(jié)構(gòu)中不可用if代替代替whetherI dont know whether or not hell come.I wonder whether it is true or not.2）介詞后面的賓語從句只用）介詞后面的賓語從句只用whether Everything depends on whether the situation will improve. 3）引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只用）引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只用whether Whether well go depends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing.4）whether 可用在不定式前，可用在不定式前，if 則不能則不能. Please tell me whether to go or not.B. 賓語從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移賓語從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移注意：如果賓語從句是由注意：如果賓語從句是由think, believe, imagine, suppose，guess等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)候，要等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)候，要將從句中的否定形式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中去。將從句中的否定形式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中去。 I dont think he will come here. C. 賓語從句中用賓語從句中用it作形式賓語作形式賓語注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，一般用時(shí)，一般用it來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓補(bǔ)后來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓補(bǔ)后面面。We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.同位語從句同位語從句在句中用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句在句中用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句.同位語從句一般放在如同位語從句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有等含有豐富內(nèi)涵的詞語后面，豐富內(nèi)涵的詞語后面，用來說明前面那個(gè)詞用來說明前面那個(gè)詞的具體內(nèi)容的具體內(nèi)容。一般說來，同位語從句都用。一般說來，同位語從句都用that來作連接詞，而且不能省略來作連接詞，而且不能省略。也可用。也可用how, when, where等。等。他給了她一個(gè)承諾，他會(huì)在兩個(gè)月后回來。他給了她一個(gè)承諾，他會(huì)在兩個(gè)月后回來。He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months. (1) They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again. (2) We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun. (3) The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us. (4) They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. (5) They problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.試區(qū)分以下句子試區(qū)分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：注意：1 1. . 如果是定語從句，它的從句肯定是如果是定語從句，它的從句肯定是不完整的，關(guān)系詞肯定在句中充當(dāng)成分的；而不完整的，關(guān)系詞肯定在句中充當(dāng)成分的；而同位語從句中的同位語從句中的thatthat只起連接作用。只起連接作用。 2.2. 定語從句是對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用，定語從句是對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用，而同位語從句則解釋說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。而同位語從句則解釋說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。( (同從同從) )( (定從定從) )一、同位語從句與定語從句一、同位語從句與定語從句的相似之處的相似之處1、兩種從句都可以譯成定語、兩種從句都可以譯成定語 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位語從句）我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定語從句）你告訴我們的你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。消息真的令人鼓舞。2、兩種從句都可以用、兩種從句都可以用that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) e.g. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位語從句）學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西的建議值得考慮。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定語從句）值得考慮的建議是學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西。二、同位語從句與定語從句的二、同位語從句與定語從句的不同之處不同之處1 1、從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進(jìn)一步、從句的作用不同：同位語從句用來進(jìn)一步 說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句用來修飾、說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；定語從句用來修飾、 限定前面的名詞。限定前面的名詞。e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （從句說明（從句說明“消息消息”的內(nèi)容：的內(nèi)容：我們隊(duì)我們隊(duì)取得了決賽勝利。取得了決賽勝利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（從句對(duì)（從句對(duì)“消息消息”加以限定：是加以限定：是你告訴我們的你告訴我們的，而非來而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。） 2 2、引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞、引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞that的功能不同：的功能不同：that引引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)是一個(gè)純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充當(dāng)任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語。） 3. 如果賓語從句表示的是客觀真如果賓語從句表示的是客觀真理，其謂語動(dòng)詞則仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。理，其謂語動(dòng)詞則仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：如： (1) The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound. (2) The old man said the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.1、My hometown is no longer_it used to be.（ ）1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because4. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because5. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if6. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that7. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soonCDCABDB單項(xiàng)填空單項(xiàng)填空8. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break9.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A.how B. that C. when D. what10.- Can I help you? - Yes, do you know _? A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes11. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if12. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; whatAADDA