八年級英語上冊 10分鐘課堂 Module 2 Unit 4 Inventions 牛津深圳版

Unit 4 Inventions關鍵詞匯關鍵詞匯1. 廣告 (n.)_2. 滑稽的；好笑的 (adj.)_3. 創(chuàng)造;創(chuàng)作 (v.) _ 4. 電話；電話機 (n.)_5. 使人舒服的；舒適的 (adj.)_6. 世紀 (n.)_advertisement funny create telephone comfortablecentury關鍵詞匯關鍵詞匯7. 乘客；旅客 (n.)_ 8. 發(fā)明；創(chuàng)造 (v.)_9. 有用的；適用的 (adj.)_ 10. 從以后；自以來(prep.)_11. 距離；間距 (n.)_passenger inventpractical sincedistance關鍵詞匯關鍵詞匯12. 在任何時候；隨便什么時候 (adv.)_ 13. 開發(fā)；研制 (v.)_14. 白天；日間 (n.)_ 15. 特殊的；特別的(adj.)_ 16. 引言 (n.)_anytime developdaytime specialintroduction重要詞組1. 過更好的生活_2. 自那以來_3. 允許某人做某事_4. 與保持聯(lián)系 _5. 在白天 _6. 想象做某事_ live a better life since then allow sb. to do sth. keep in touch with in the daytime imagine doing sth. 重要詞組7. 使不接近（或遠離）_ 8. 同時 _ 9. 代替；作為的替代 _10. 搞成一團糟 _11. 許多說英語的國家 _12. 指代 _ keep . off at the same timeinstead of make a messmany English-speaking countriesrefer to典型句子1. 偉大的發(fā)明改變了世界。(inventions; change)_2. 在其發(fā)明后，旅行變得更快、更舒適。(faster and more comfortable)_3. 幾千年前，人們開始在車上使用車輪。(a few thousand years ago)_Great inventions change the world. After its invention, travelling became faster and more comfortable.A few thousand years ago, people started to use wheels on carriages.典型句子4. 自那以來，人們已經(jīng)可以長距離相互交談了。(since then)_5. 今天，世界各地數(shù)以百萬的人擁有自己的移動電話。(across the world)_Since then, people have been able to speak to each other over long distances. Today millions of people across the world own mobile phones.典型句子6. 它們使得人們在任何時間、任何地點都能彼此保持聯(lián)系。(keep in touch with)_7. 1879 年，托馬斯愛迪生研制出第一個實用的電燈。(develop)_Thomas Edison developed the first practical light bulb in 1879.They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere.典型句子8. 有了燈泡，人們可以在晚上做和在白天做的一樣多的事情。(with; as as)_ With light bulbs, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime.要點精講【要點1】 advertisement思維導圖要點精講舉例Advertisements are often used to push the sale. 廣告常常被用作商品促銷的手段。The company advertised goods for sale. 這家公司為推銷產(chǎn)品而做廣告。You can post the advertisement of your products in newspapers. 你們可以把你們產(chǎn)品的廣告刊登在報紙上。要點精講舉例We should consider investing more on advertising. 我們應當考慮增加廣告的投入。要點精講應用(1) _ (advertise) can be made in many ways.(2) ( )How many ways of _ are mentioned in the meeting? A. advertiseB. advertiserC. advertisingAdvertisementsC要點精講【要點2】funny思維導圖要點精講舉例The little boy looks very funny when he knots his eyebrows. 那個小男孩皺著眉頭的樣子很有趣。 It could be fun to watch them. 看它們會是有趣的。He rolled off his horse so ignobly and funnily that even the ambassador was fain to burst out. 他狼狽而可笑地從馬上滾翻下來，甚至使得大使也不由得放聲大笑。要點精講舉例Wish you have fun learning English this term. 希望這學期你們能享受到學習英語的樂趣。Dont make fun of the disabled! 不要戲弄殘疾人!要點精講應用（1）Ill tell you a _（funny） story than Lucys.（2）Making_（funny）of others is impolite.funnierfun要點精講【要點3】 create思維導圖要點精講舉例You can create a website for your organization. 你可以為你們的組織創(chuàng)建一個網(wǎng)站。The bathroom is entirely my own creation. 這個浴室完全是我個人的創(chuàng)作。Like many creative people, he was never satisfied. 正如許多有創(chuàng)造力的人一樣，他永不滿足。要點精講應用( )The dish was _ by our chef Jean Richard and has been popular since then. A. produced B. invented C. createdC要點精講【要點4】 comfortable思維導圖要點精講舉例She lives a happy and comfortable life. 她過著幸福而舒適的生活。Thank you for your letter to comfort me. 謝謝你來信安慰我。Choose some words and repeat them over and over again until you are comfortable with them.挑選一些單詞，一遍遍重復讀這些單詞，直到你讀得順口為止。 要點精講應用The car is _ (comfort) than that one.more comfortable要點精講【要點5】 invent思維導圖要點精講舉例I dont know who invented the television.我不知道電視是誰發(fā)明的。Thomas Edison is a great American inventor. 托馬斯愛迪生是一位偉大的美國發(fā)明家。Fax machines were a wonderful invention at that time. 傳真機在那時是一項了不起的發(fā)明。要點精講舉例Thomas Edison invented the practical light bulbs.托馬斯愛迪生發(fā)明了實用的燈泡。The police are trying to discover the identity of the killer. 警方正努力調(diào)查殺人兇手的身份。要點精講應用(1)( )She _ that they had escaped.A. discover B. invented C. discovered（2）( )The compass was a great Chinese_.A. invent B. inventor C. invention.CC要點精講【要點6】 practical思維導圖要點精講舉例Your invention is very practical. 你的發(fā)明很實用。She practised playing the piano in the primary school basement. 她在小學的地下室里練習彈鋼琴。She takes her daughter to basketball practice every day. 她每天帶她的女兒去進行籃球訓練。要點精講應用（1）（ ）_ is very important for learning English well, so you should _ speaking English every day.A. Practical; practise B. Practise; practice C. Practice; practise（2）_ (practice) experience is often very important.PracticalC要點精講【要點7】 distance思維導圖要點精講舉例There is a long distance from his home town to his new home.從他的家鄉(xiāng)到他的新家距離很遠。The foreign visitors came from a distant country. 這些外國游客來自一個遙遠的國家。要點精講應用A smile is the shortest _ (distance) between two people.distance要點精講【要點8】 develop思維導圖要點精講舉例Will they develop their own machines?他們是否將開發(fā)出自己的機器呢？Its hard to say at this stage how the market will develop.在現(xiàn)階段很難說市場會如何發(fā)展。Development of new energy takes time.開發(fā)新能源需要時間。要點精講舉例In the developing world， cigarette consumption is increasing.在發(fā)展中國家，香煙的消費量正在上升。China is a developing country， not a developed one. 中國是一個發(fā)展中國家，而不是發(fā)達國家。Most cities of this country are undeveloped. 這個國家的大多數(shù)城市都是不發(fā)達的。要點精講應用( )America is one of the most _ countries in the world.A. developB. developingC. developedC要點精講【要點9】 introduction思維導圖要點精講舉例There are introductions in most books.大多數(shù)書籍都帶有引言。I would like to introduce myself to everyone.我想向大家介紹一下自己。I want to make a simple introduction to all of you.我想向大家做一個簡單的介紹。I want to make an introduction of this kind of music. 我想向大家介紹這種音樂。要點精講應用 ( )Thank you for your _ of your hotel.A. introduct B. introduction C. introduce B課堂練習一、根據(jù)要求寫出相應的單詞1. funny_ (比較級) 2. creation _(v.）3. comfort _(adj.）4. century_ (復數(shù)形式) 5. invention_ (v.）6. introduce _(n.） funniercreatecomfortable centuries invent introduction課堂練習7. distant _(n.）8. develop _(現(xiàn)在分詞）9. specially _ (adj.）10. passenger _(復數(shù)形式）11. advertise _(n.) 12. dusty_ (n.)distancedeveloping special passengers advertisement dust課堂練習二、詞匯測試i. 從下面每小題的A、B、C 三個選項中選出可以替換畫線部分的最佳選項。 ( ) 1. Why do you want to buy that kind of car?Because it is very practical for my family.A. useful B. popular C. fantastic A課堂練習( ) 2. He created a new way of painting. How great he is!A.enjoyed B. made C. followed( ) 3. Why do you look unhappy?I dont know how to improve my spoken English.A. make fewer B. make worseC. make better B C課堂練習( ) 4. Did you make any friends during the educational exchange?Yes. Although I have come back, I keep in touch with them.A. stay in touch with B. look out C. find out A課堂練習( ) 5. Ann and I joined in a painting competition last year. Since then, we have been good friends.Wonderful. You two are real friends.A. At first B. From then on C. At last B課堂練習( ) 6. Our company is developing a new machine. Its easy to control.Really? I cant wait to have a try.A. producing B. protectingC. comparing A課堂練習( ) 7. Did Tom go to the cinema?No, he went to the museum instead of the cinema.A. in front of B. in place ofC. in the place of B課堂練習( ) 8. You should keep off the dangerous animals in the zoo.OK, I will.A. stay with B. go nearC. stay away from C課堂練習ii. 根據(jù)句子意思，從下面每小題的A、B、C三個選項中選出恰當?shù)脑~語完成句子。( )9. The _ is a public notice that tells people about things to buy.A. advertisement B. news C. offer A課堂練習( )10. The good weather makes me feel _ means I feel relaxed because of the weather.A. funny B. confused C. comfortable ( )11. I want to have _ like birds to fly in the sky. Why? I think you just want to be free.A. eyes B.legs C. wings CC課堂練習( )12. Do you know the _ between your home and your company? No, I just know my home is not far from my company.A. distance B. length C. height A課堂練習( )13. Who finished the work first, Tom or Betty?They finished the work_.They both did a good job.A. for a long timeB. at the same timeC. a long time ago B課堂練習( )14. How much are these dictionaries? The price of these dictionaries is _ than before.A. much cheaper B. more expensiveC. much higher C課堂練習( )15. I missed the beginning of The Voice of China yesterday evening._! But you can watch the replay tonight.A. Hurry up B. What a pity C. Try your best B要點精講1.Since then, people have been able to speak to each other over long distances. 自那以來，人們已經(jīng)可以長距離相互交談了。要點精講用法：用法：（1）since then意為“自那以來”，“since+某時間（某個時間點或者過去時態(tài)的一個句子），sb. have done sth. ” 意為“自從某個時間以來，某人已經(jīng)做了某事”。Since then, I have learnt how to play the piano. 自那以來，我已經(jīng)學會了彈鋼琴。要點精講用法：用法：(2)be able to do sth.=can do sth. 能夠做某事My little brother is able to walk now. 我的弟弟現(xiàn)在會走路了。要點精講應用：應用：（1）We have learnt English_ (since / in / from)2008. （2）雖然從那時起，很多東西都發(fā)生了變化，但我們?nèi)匀皇桥笥选?漢譯英)_sinceAlthough much has changed since then, we are still friends.要點精講2.They allow people to keep in touch with each other anytime, anywhere. 它們使得人們在任何時間、任何地方都能彼此保持聯(lián)系。要點精講用法用法：(1)allow sb. to do sth. 意為“允許某人做某事”。My parents dont allow me to go out in the evenings. 我的父母不允許我晚上出去。(2)keep in touch with意為“與保持聯(lián)系”。Do you still keep in touch with your old friends? 你還和你的老朋友保持聯(lián)系嗎？(3)each other 意為“互相”。As friends, we should help each other. 作為朋友，我們應該互相幫助。要點精講拓展：拓展：(1)allow doing sth. 意為“允許做某事”。It doesnt allow taking pictures here. 這里不允許拍照。（2）keep in touch with=stay / be in touch with指“與保持聯(lián)系”，強調(diào)一種狀態(tài)；而get in touch with則指“與取得聯(lián)系”，強調(diào)動作。（3）each other=one another，意為“互相”。要點精講應用應用：（1）我們老師不允許我們上學遲到。(漢譯英)_（2）公園里允許抽煙嗎？(漢譯英)_（3）微信使我們能夠互相保持聯(lián)系。(漢譯英)_Our teacher doesnt allow us to be late for school.Does it allow smoking in the park?WeChat helps us keep in touch with each other.要點精講3.With this pair of glasses, you can look behind and in front of you at the same time. 有了這種眼鏡，你可以同時看你的后面和前面。要點精講用法用法：at the same time=in the meantime=at one time=meanwhile，意為“同時”。Dont talk at the same time. 大家不要同時說話。要點精講拓展拓展：（1）at the same time在句中作副詞短語時，意為“同一時間”，與meanwhile可以互換使用。Im the best student in our school, at the same time/meanwhile, Im also the president of the Student Union. 我是我們學校最優(yōu)秀的學生，同時，我也是學生會的主席。要點精講拓展拓展：（2）at the same time在句中作連詞短語時，意為“并且；此外”，與besides意思相近。At the same time/Besides, I want you to promise me one thing. 此外，我要你答應我一件事。要點精講應用應用：( )Swimming is good for our health, but_, we mustnt forget the danger.A. however B. at the same time C. at the momentB課堂練習一、用所給單詞的適當形式填空1. He is _ (young) than his two sisters. 2. The _(old) I get, the _ (strong) I seem to feel. 3. The weather is getting _ (warm) and _ (warm). youngerolder stronger warmer warmer課堂練習4. Summer is the _ (hot) season of the year.5. Shall we go and _ (comfortable) him?6. Edison, the great _ (invent), has _(invent) over 1,000 _ (invent) in his life. 7. Scientists are _ (develop) new drugs to treat cancer. hottestcomfortinventorinventedinventionsdeveloping課堂練習8. Its _ (fun) to see a man walk with his hands and head. 9. It seemed to be the most _(distance) way in the world.10.They were sitting side by side on the _(dust) floor. funnydistantdusty課堂練習二、閱讀理解 Everyone celebrates Fathers Day a bit differently, but if you are looking for something a bit different, here are some things or ways you might consider. FlowersYes! How many ties does one Dad need？If you know your dad has a special, then a 課堂練習bunch of flowers would be nice. If you are unsure what type of flowers, then a single rose will let him know your care. Handmade Card/PictureIt doesnt matter if youre 8, 28 or 48. A handmade card or note from the heart speaks more of your feelings than the things you bought from the store. 課堂練習 Home CookingGive Mum the day off as well and invite them both over for a good home-cooked meal. But remember today is not the day to test out a new recipe. Play it safe and stick to Dads taste. DinnerIf youre not the home cooking type, then nothing is better than being treated to a tasty meal at a nice restaurant surrounded by the ones 課堂練習you love. It doesnt have to be anywhere fancy, depending on your dad, it could be the neighbourhood dinner.( )1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Flowers. B. A watch. C. A handmade note.D. A tie.B課堂練習( )2. According to the passage, we can infer_ might often cook at home. A. son B. Mum C. Dad D. daughterB課堂練習( )3. What does the writer advise you to do on Fathers Day?A. You must take your father to a fancy restaurant.B. You should test out a new recipe.C. You have to buy a tie for your father.D. You can buy your father a single rose to show your care.D課堂練習( )4. Which statement is NOT true?A. If you are 38, you cant make a card for your father. B. A handmade card expresses more your feelings than the things from the store.C. Its a good idea to invite both of your parents for a home-cooked meal. D. You should cook the food your father likes best.A語法聚焦一、形容詞比較級、最高級的不規(guī)則變化語法聚焦二、（not）as as的用法【知識點思維導圖】語法聚焦【?？贾R點詳解】 as as 的習慣用法（1）as soon as意為“一就”，引導時間狀語從句。如：Ill call you as soon as I finish my homework. 我一完成功課，就會給你打電話。（2）as long as意為“長達之久；只要”。如：Well help you as far as possible. 我們會盡可能幫你。 語法聚焦如：She has played computer games on the Internet as long as four hours. 她在因特網(wǎng)上玩游戲已經(jīng)長達四個小時了。As long as there is life, there is hope.留得生命在，不怕沒希望。（3）as much as意為“高達；與一樣多”，用來表達極其多的語氣。語法聚焦如：Some of the stamps worth as much as one million yuan.有些郵票價值百萬元。 （4）as as possible意為“盡可能”。如：Please call me back as soon as possible. 請盡快給我回電話。 （5）as well as意為“也；和一樣”。如：She sings as well as her mother does.她歌唱得跟她母親一樣好。語法聚焦（6）as far as 意為“就(而論)；盡；至于(表示程度或范圍)”。課堂練習一、用所給單詞的適當形式填空1. The black mobile phone is as _ (expensive) as the white one.2. He spent _(much) money than me during the trip to Ningxia.3. Miss He has _(little) experience, but she is _(good) teacher in the school. expensivemorelittlethe best課堂練習4. The weather today is much _(bad) than yesterday.5.I think this story is much_ (interest) than that one.6. Alice got a _(good) mark than Bella in the English test.7. I drew as many _(picture) as Penny last year.worsemore interestingbetterpictures課堂練習8. This advice is not as_ (use) as that one.9. The _(far) distance she has run is ten kilometres.10. Joe made_ (many) mistakes of all the students.usefulfarthestthe most二、選擇填空( )1. Its believed that playing computer games too much does_ harm than good.(2017 廣東)A. many B. muchC. more D. mostC( )2. Daniel is _his twin brother. They are both 1.75 metres tall. (2017 宿遷)A. taller than B. shorter thanC. as tall as D. so tall asC( )3. How are you today, Tom?Im even_. I dont think this medicine is good for me. (2017 呼和浩特)A. worse B. badlyC. better D. wellA( )4. When is the _time to visit Brazil?In August and September, I think. Not too cold, not too hot. (2017 阜康)A. hottest B. hotter C. best D. better( )5. How do you like the song Chengdu sung by Zhao Lei?Oh, I have never enjoyed a_ one before. (2017 連云港)A. worst B. best C. worse D. betterCD課堂練習三、語法填空 Nowadays, people seem to depend on the Internet so much. They are busy 1. _（surf）the Internet, but how many of them know about 2. _ history of the Internet? The Internet was set up in the 1960s. At that time, computers were a lot larger and much3. _（expensive）. Computer networks （網(wǎng)絡）didnt surfingthemore expensive 課堂練習work well. If one computer in the network4. _（break）down, the whole network stopped. 5. _ a new network system was set up. It was good enough to be used by many different computers. At 6. _（one）, the Internet was only used by the government, but7._ the early 1970s, hospitals brokeSofirstin課堂練習and banks were allowed to use it, too. By the start of the 1990s, computers become cheaper and easier to use. Scientists had also developed software8. _ made “surfing” the Internet more convenient. Today it is easy to get on the Internet and it is said that9. _（million）of people use the Internet every day. The Internet has now become one of the most important10. _（part）of peoples life. that/which millions parts口語無憂本單元我們學習了如何談論生活中的發(fā)明及創(chuàng)造。許多偉大的科技發(fā)明和創(chuàng)新使我們的生活發(fā)生了巨大的變化。隨著人類知識的增長，更多意想不到的新發(fā)明將會不斷出現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn)在，讓我們就這一話題展開口語練習吧！口語無憂話題四 如何討論生活中的發(fā)明及創(chuàng)造 相關詞組相關詞組 （請大聲朗讀以下詞匯，看誰讀得更標準、地道）create，develop，produce，spread，about 2,000 years ago，at the beginning of 11th century，invention，change our lives，be used for，make better,computer,mobile phone口語無憂 你問我答你問我答請運用下列句子與你組內(nèi)的一個同伴進行你問他（她）答，然后互換角色，再進行問答。1. What do you think is the greatest invention of all time?2. When was invented?3. Who invented it?口語無憂4. How does it change our lives?5. What is it used for? 情景說話情景說話在了解了各種各樣的科技發(fā)明后，你與你小組中另一名同學討論你們各自想制作的小發(fā)明：S1: What invention would you like to create?S2: I would like to 口語無憂S1: What will it look like and how will it work?S2: It will look like It will help S1: What will it be used for?S2: If we have trouble , it will 接下來，向全班同學介紹你或者你搭檔的小發(fā)明。口語無憂Report like this:_ I want to invent a machine to help the blind read words more easily. It will look like a ring on a persons finger. It will scan (掃描) the words on the paper. When people have trouble reading, the computer in it will read the words loud. It will work more quickly than any other reading machine. 課堂練習一、中英文互譯1. a pair of glasses_2. 在的前面 _3. 保暖 _4. talk about _5. 同時 _6. 使更漂亮 _一副眼鏡 in(the) front ofkeep warm談論at the same timemake more beautiful 課堂練習二、思維導圖復述根據(jù)教材P51的課文內(nèi)容完成下面的思維導圖，再根據(jù)思維導圖，復述該篇課文的內(nèi)容。Travelling became faster and more comfortablesCarriages, trains and cars Alexander Graham Bell, 1876People could speak to each other over long distancesThomas Edison,1879People can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime課堂練習課文復述：_ There are many great inventions in history, such as the wheel, the telephone and the light bulb. After the wheels invention, travelling became faster and more comfortable. People used wheels on carriages, trains and cars.In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell invented the first practical telephone. It made people can speak to each other over long 課堂練習課文復述：_ distances. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb in 1879. With light bulbs, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime.寫作樂園話題四話題四 網(wǎng)上購物網(wǎng)上購物【短文寫作】時下，網(wǎng)上購物已風靡全國，通過網(wǎng)絡幾乎可以買到你想要的一切物品，而中國網(wǎng)民的網(wǎng)上購物熱情也節(jié)節(jié)高漲。你或你身邊的親戚朋友應該或多或少都經(jīng)歷過網(wǎng)上購物。請以“Shopping online”為題寫一篇短文，談談你對網(wǎng)上購物的利與弊的認識。 要求：語意連貫，條理清楚；80詞左右。Shopping online_寫作樂園【寫作指導】此篇作文為半提示性的命題作文，主要內(nèi)容是就網(wǎng)上購物的利與弊來寫一篇議論文。 在寫作過程中要明確以下幾點：1. 若是從自己的角度談論，可以用第一人稱；若是從對方的角度談論，可以用第二人稱。2. 時態(tài)選用一般現(xiàn)在時，先介紹網(wǎng)購的背景，之后提出優(yōu)缺點，最后總結(jié)自己的看法和觀點。3. 為增加文章的可讀性，可適當使用關聯(lián)詞和復合句。寫作樂園【范文賞析】 Shopping online Online shopping is a new way of shopping. It has a lot of advantages. First, online shopping is fast and convenient, so you can save a lot of time. Second, you can buy cheaper products. Besides, you can shop whenever you like because the online shops are open 24 hours a day. 寫作樂園 But on the other hand, it has some disadvantages. For example, while shopping, we cant check the goods by ourselves, so we dont know whether the quality of the goods is good or bad. Whats worse, it is not safe to pay online. In my opinion, we should learn how to make good use of the Internet resources, but we must think twice before we decide to buy goods on the Internet. 課堂練習一、翻譯下列句子1. 電腦是20世紀最偉大的發(fā)明之一。_2. 第一臺電腦很大且價格昂貴。_3. 電腦變得越來越小且越來越便宜。_Computer is one of the greatest inventions in the 20th century. The first computer was very big and the price was very high. Computer is becoming smaller and cheaper.課堂練習4. 現(xiàn)在，電腦在人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪斜粡V泛地使用。_5. 電腦使得我們的生活越來越豐富多彩。_ Computers are widely used in peoples daily life now. Computers make our life much more colourful.課堂練習二、書面表達現(xiàn)代科技飛速發(fā)展，各種高科技產(chǎn)品為我們的生活帶來了極大的便利，尤其是電腦，請以“Computer”為題，并根據(jù)下面的內(nèi)容要點，寫一篇短文。內(nèi)容包括：1. 電腦是20世紀最偉大的發(fā)明之一。2. 第一臺電腦在1946年誕生于美國。它體積龐大且價格昂貴，只允許在銀行和一些政府機關使用。課堂練習3. 現(xiàn)在，電腦越來越小，且價格越來越便宜。它被廣泛地運用于人們的日常生活中。語句通順，意思連貫，書面規(guī)范。要求：1. 詞數(shù)：80詞左右（標題已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)）。2. 文章必須包含所有提示內(nèi)容，并可作適當發(fā)揮。3. 條理清楚，課堂練習_ Computer Computer is one of the greatest inventions in the 20th century. The first computer was invented in America in 1946. It was very big and the price was very high. It was only used by banks and government organizations. Now, computer is becoming smaller and smaller and the price is 課堂練習_lower and lower. It is widely used in peoples daily life. It is used for helping us to work and study. People can use it to chat online, search for information, watch movies, shop online and so on. It has become one of the most necessary things in our life.