it用法 講義 導(dǎo)學(xué)案

Unit3 “It 用法”導(dǎo)學(xué)案學(xué)習(xí)者姓名： 學(xué)習(xí)者組別： 學(xué)習(xí)者編號(hào)： 【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】：熟悉課文中出現(xiàn)的it句型，能熟練運(yùn)用該句型，并了解其他常見(jiàn)it句型。【學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)】：it做形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)【學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】：運(yùn)用it 句型【學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容】： It表指代(人、事物、時(shí)間、日期、地點(diǎn)、天氣、溫度、距離、環(huán)境等。)It作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)【學(xué)習(xí)步驟】：呈現(xiàn) 仿句 歸納 反饋一it 用作代詞（1）Read and analyze the following sentences.I cannot find my watch; I must have lost itThey got a baby and it was very lovelyHer mother kept telling her not to go out at night, but it didnt helpHe smokes in bed and I dont like it.-Who is it? -Its me.-Listen. Someone is crying. -Oh, it must be Mary請(qǐng)指出在這些句子中it的用法（2）.Read and analyze the following sentences.1. It is Friday today.2. It was very cold last Monday. 3. It is about 8:30 now.4. It is about 25km from Longxian to Bazi.5. It lies in the south of Shaoguan city.6. It is 40°C ! You got a high fever!Question: What does “it” in these sentences refer to?歸納總結(jié)： :it 可以用作非人稱(chēng)代詞，表示_,_,_,_,_,_等。二it 用作引導(dǎo)詞(一)It用作_.1. It is obvious that the water was to blame.2. It is easy for you to listen to teacher attentively.3. It is no use arguing with him about it.4. It is amazing that at my age I still look like a student!5. 分析：it是_ ,句子真正的主語(yǔ)是_(2) 代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末。it用作形式主語(yǔ)的重要句型有：1) It + be + adj + for (of) sb to do sth 某人做某事1)It is important for her to come to the party2)It is kind of you to say so比較這兩個(gè)句子，區(qū)別是：_bad ， brave ，modest ，silly ，important，dangerous ，normal ，common ，necessary，可用于句型（1）的形容詞是_可用于句型（2）的形容詞是_ It is unfair_ to criticize me.(he) It is not common _to receive letters(he)2) It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural) thatthat從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：should+動(dòng)詞原形，should 可以省去。_ English well. 重要的是我們應(yīng)該學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。3) It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain) that 清楚（顯然、真的、肯定）_he graduated from Beijing University in 1988.他1988年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)是真的。 _she was able to solve the problem so quickly她這么快就解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,真令人驚訝4) It is + n + that-從句It is a pity (a shame) that _that such a thing _in your class.這種事竟發(fā)生在你們班上,真遺憾。 It is no wonder (that) 難怪It is no wonder that you look so happy. 難怪你看上去如此高興。5) It is + n + (for sbsth) + to do sth常用詞匯: pity, shame, pleasure, ones duty, joy, good manners, bad manners等。_such a wonderful play你錯(cuò)過(guò)這么一個(gè)精彩的機(jī)會(huì)真遺憾。_ the blackboard. 擦黑板是你的職責(zé)。_the seats for the old年輕人占用老人座位是不禮貌。6) It is + adj / n + doing sth常見(jiàn)形容詞和名詞：no/little use, no/much good, useless等。It is no good learning English without speaking English.Its a waste of time doing sth.Its fun/worthwhile doing sth.看這種雜志真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間_ the swimming pool in summer. 夏天跳進(jìn)游泳池太有趣了。7) It is suggested (ordered) that 據(jù)建議 / 有命令主句中的過(guò)去分詞是表示請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等詞時(shí)，that后的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形）, should可以省略。_that the meeting _. 據(jù)建議，會(huì)議應(yīng)被推遲。_ that we _there in two hours. 有命令我們應(yīng)兩小時(shí)內(nèi)到達(dá)那。8)It is said (reported, learned) that 據(jù)說(shuō)（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉）_he has come to Beijing. 據(jù)說(shuō)，他已到北京。_another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 據(jù)報(bào)道，又一顆地球衛(wèi)星已被送入軌道。9) It takes sb + 時(shí)間段 + to do sth. 某人做某事花了.時(shí)間. 我寫(xiě)這封信花了一個(gè)小時(shí)。10) It seems (appears)/ happens that 好像/碰巧 他好像犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。11) It doesnt matter whether 不論（是否）沒(méi)關(guān)系 他們是否老了沒(méi)關(guān)系。12) It turns out that 結(jié)果證明 _well have a happy, peaceful festival. 結(jié)果證明，我們要過(guò)一個(gè)快樂(lè)、安寧的節(jié)日。13) It strikes sb that 打動(dòng)某人 _the small town is so beautiful. 最感動(dòng)我的是這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)如此之美。14) It occurs to sb that . 某人想起(hit/strike/come to /occur to)_she would refuse his invitation.他沒(méi)有想到她會(huì)拒絕他的邀請(qǐng)。_ he might be in trouble. 我怎么也沒(méi)有想到他會(huì)遇上麻煩。 15) It verb sb clause(surprise/ delight/ interest disappoint/ bother)_I turn the television on?我開(kāi)電視會(huì)不會(huì)吵著你?（二）. it作_（1）當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等用作賓語(yǔ)且其后跟有賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，使用形式賓語(yǔ)it，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)移至句末，I found it very interesting to study English.Our school made it a rule that students should not bring mobile phones to school.He felt it no use learning English without speaking it.1)I find _ (難）to learn gymnastics.（it)2)We believe _ （是沒(méi)用的讀書(shū)不理解）.(use)3)_(他認(rèn)為很愉快)that he worked with us.(think)（2）enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示喜好的動(dòng)詞+ it + when/ if引導(dǎo)的從句I dislike it when others laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind._send me the application forms as soon as possible. 若能盡快寄來(lái)申請(qǐng)表格,我將不勝感激(3) 動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）+ it + that-從句 dislike, like, see to, look to, depend/rely on_she will fulfill the plan你們可以相信她會(huì)完成這個(gè)計(jì)劃三. 用于某些句型1) Its (about / high) time + that-從句 某人該做某事了。(從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式，或should+do )It is time that children_(上床睡覺(jué))It is high time that_是實(shí)施改革的時(shí)候了。. 2) Its the first (second) time + that-從句 某人第幾次做某事(從句謂語(yǔ)用完成時(shí)) It is the first time that_. 這是我第一次去北京。 It was the third time that he_. 這是他第三次取得這么大的進(jìn)步。3) It is/ has been +時(shí)間段+ since sb. did sthIt was +時(shí)間段+ since sb. had done sth 他爸爸去世已五年。4) . It will (not) be + 時(shí)間段+ before sb. do sthIt was (not) + 時(shí)間段+ before sb. did sth若主句是一般時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).若主句是肯定句意思是“要過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才”；若主句是否定形式翻譯成“用不了多久就”這時(shí)若主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句也是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。若主句是肯定句翻譯成“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之后才”，若主句是否定形式翻譯成“沒(méi)過(guò)多久就”。如： It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will not be long before he finishes his job.   _before the situation improves. 這種狀況或許要過(guò)許多年才能得以改善。 _before I realized the truth.  過(guò)了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間我才了解到真相。 _before she became a brave solider.   沒(méi)過(guò)多久她就成了一名勇敢的戰(zhàn)士。5) Its + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) + when-從句 Its 8 oclock when I get home from work every day. 每天我下班回家時(shí)已經(jīng)八點(diǎn)了。 _hey got up and did morning exercises. 他們起床做早操是在早上六點(diǎn)鐘。6) If it were not for / If it hadnt been for 若不是因?yàn)開(kāi), I would punish you. 要不是他在場(chǎng)，我會(huì)處罰你的。要不是他們幫助，這些困難我們不克服不了的。7) It is up to sb to do sth 該由某人做某事Its up to you to make the choice. 得由你來(lái)作選擇。8) 引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句It is/ was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that/ who.It is/ was not until +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+ that.1) Is it the years _ you worked in the factory _have a good effect on your literary works?    A. that; where  B. that; that  C. when; where  D. when; that2). When was _you met with the famous scientist?   A. it that  B. it  C. the place  D. the place that四用在一些固定搭配中make it 及時(shí)趕到；成功；辦成 catch it 被責(zé)罵；受處罰get it 明白 Take it easy. 別著急。 Thats it. 這就對(duì)了。If I can help it. 如果我有辦法的話。 You will catch it. 當(dāng)心；小心worth it 有好處，值得做請(qǐng)翻譯下列句子I'll not give you any trouble if I can help it.The new car cost a lot of money, but it's certainly worth it.The train goes at10.15. I think we shall make itIf your father finds you here you'll really catch it!You will make it if you try.I thought he would be too old to get to the top of the mountain, but he made it at last.五 (1)、it與one的區(qū)別：這兩個(gè)詞都可以代表前面說(shuō)過(guò)的名詞，但it用于同名同物的場(chǎng)合；one則用于同名異物的場(chǎng)合。- Do you still have the bicycle?- No, I have sold _- Is this knife yours?- No. It is Xiao Zhangs. Mine is _ _ on the desk.(2)、it與that的區(qū)別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但that指同一類(lèi)，并非同一個(gè)。The climate of South China is mild（溫和的）; I like _very much.（_指the climate of South China）The climate of South China is much better than _ of Japan.（_指the climate）六、寫(xiě)作升級(jí)：用it句式翻譯下列句子：1. 據(jù)宣布(announce)，明年年底又有三條地鐵線(subway)將建成。 2. 我沒(méi)有想到湯姆竟然會(huì)被選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席。 3. 那些未曾去過(guò)那個(gè)小村莊的人很難描繪出它的美麗。 4. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與那些一貫固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)的人合作。 .5. 你放心(rely on)，他會(huì)來(lái)見(jiàn)你的。 6. 直到她把墨鏡摘下來(lái)，我才意識(shí)到她是個(gè)著名的電影明星。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句） 練習(xí)1. Is _ necessary to tell his father everything? A. it B. that C. what D. he 2. _ must be something wrong with the machine. A. There B. It C. He D. That 3. (1) _ is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun.(2)_ is known to us all that the earth turns around the sun.A. It B. Which C. As D. That4. (1)_ is difficult to persuade her to stay. A.It B.What C. He D.That(2)_ is difficult is to persuade her to stay.5. I like_in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright .（2004全國(guó)） Athis B. that C. it D. one 6. The chairman thought_necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting . A. that B. it C. this D. him （2005全國(guó)）7. If I can help_, I dont like working late into the night. （2006全國(guó)） A. so B. that C. it D . them 8. Have you heard the latest news? No, what_? （2007全國(guó)） A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those 9. _worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. （2007山東） A. This B. That C. What D. It10. _is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger，more prosperous economy. A. As B. That C. This D. It （2006浙江）11. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_. （ 2001上海） A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is12. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him,_? （ 2000上海） A. did they B. didnt they C. did it D. didnt it13. The Parkers bought a new house, but_ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. Which （NMET2000）14. -Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I cant find a repair shop. -I know_ nearby. Come on, Ill show you. A. one B. it C. some D. that 15. Why dont we take a little break? Didnt we just have_? （NMET 2000） A. it B. that C. one D. this16. We need a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _from some wood we had. A. it B. one C. himself D. another （2004全國(guó)）17. Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those (2005江蘇） 18. There is still a copy of the book in the library, will you go and borrow _. No , Id rather buy_ in the bookstore. （2007陜西） A. it；one B. one；one C. one；it D. it；it19. Really great people always see the best in others; it is the little man who looks for the worst and finds_. Aone Bit Cthat Dthem20. Id appreciate _if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. （2006山東） A. that B. it C. this D. you21. He didnt make _clear when and where the meeting would be held. （2007天津） A. this B. that C. it D. Those22. It is the ability to do the job_ matters, not where you come or who you are. A. one B. that C. what D. it （NMET2000）23. He was nearly drowned once. When was_? _was in 1998 when he was in middle school.（2002春招） A. that, It B. this, This C. this, It D. that, This24. It was after he got what he had desired _he realized it was not so important.（2006遼寧） Athat B. when C. since D. as25. It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance. （2007重慶） A. which B. it C. that D. this26. I dont mind her criticizing me, but _ is how she does it that I object to.（2007江西） A. it B. that C. this D. which27. It _we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _I found we had a lot in common. （2007浙江） A. was until, when B. was until, that C. wasnt until, when D. wasnt until, that28. Was_ _that I saw last night at the concert ? （1995上海） A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself29. Why! I have nothing to confess. _you want me to say?（2004 上海） A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that30. It is almost five years _we saw each other last time. （2005 北京春考） A. before B. since C. after D. when31 It was evening _we reached the little town of Winchester. （2004 天津） A. that B. until C. since D. Before32. What was the party like? Wonderful. It is seven years _I enjoyed myself so much.（NMET 1993） A. after B. before C. when D. since33. _was in 1979_I graduated from the university.（ 1998上海） A. That; that B .It; that C. That; when D. It; when34. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy_.（09四川） A. one B. it C. this D. that35. Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _extra stress. （09北京） A. it B. them C. one D. him36.Ive read another book this week.Well, maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts. （09浙江）A. this B. that C. there D. it37. _ felt funny watching myself on TV. 2007 全國(guó)卷IIA. One B. ThisC. It D. That38. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper. A. it B. those C. one D. that 2007 遼寧卷39.He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. When was _? _ was in 2000 when he was still in college. 2007 浙江卷 A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It40.【2010全國(guó)2】The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday.A. thisB. thatC. oneD. it41.【2012 陜西】No matter where he is, he makes _ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. A. himB thisC. thatD. it 42.【2011山東】The two girls are so alike that strangers find _ difficult to tell one from the other.A. itB. themC. herD. that43.【2012全國(guó)】Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.A. herselfB. thisC. thatD. it44.【2013陜西】Shall we go for a drink at one oclock this afternoon? _. Will two oclock be OK?A. Sure, its up to you B. Sure, no problemC. Sorry, I cant make it D. Sorry, Im not available today45.【2013新課標(biāo)I】Try not to cough more than you can _ since it may cause problems to your lungs.A. checkB. allowC. stopD. help46. 【2005全國(guó)1】Oh dear ! Ive just broken a window._. It cant be helped.A. Never mindB. All right C. Thats fineD. Not at all答案寫(xiě)作升級(jí)1.Its announced that another three subways will have been completed by the end of next year.2.It never occurred to me that Tom should be elected chairman of the Students Union.3.Its very hard for those who havent been to the small village to describe its beauty.4.I find it hard to cooperate with those who always stick to/ persist in their own opinions5.You may rely on it that hell come to meet you.6. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.答案1-5: A A C(A), A(B), C 6-10 BAD 1115 D D B A C16-20 B C A B B 21-25 C B A A C 26-30 A D A A B 31-35 D D B B A 36-40 D C D D D 41-46 D A D B D A