天津大學(xué)碩士研究生英語(yǔ)期末考試試題.doc

ENGLISH FINAL EXAM FOR MASTERS OF ENGINEERNINGNAME_ MAJOR_ STUDENT NO: _Part one: Vocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 20 incomplete sentences each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Mark your choice ticking the corresponding letter before the choice.1. This issue _ interesting reading because it tells how these people made their money and, indirectly, how the country has changed over the years.A. accounts for B. serves as C. makes for D. makes use of2. Jane used to be slow in class, but now she is _.A. getting along B. getting ahead C. getting by D. getting above3. Paul _ me very much of a schoolmate I used to know at university.A. remembers B. reminds C. recalls D. recollects4. Dont count your chickens before they are _.A. hatched B. harvested C. hurried D. hastened5. Several car manufactures will _ half of their workers because of economic difficulty.A. discount B. dispose C. boot D. disclose6. They had _ funds to cover the cost of the trip.A. ample B. luxury C. sample D. superb7. All living things have certain _ that are passed on from one generation to the next.A. cells B. viruses C. flaws D. attributes8. She _ her mothers good looks and her fathers bad temper.A. inherited B. inhabited C. hindered D. objected9. It is for this reason _ he refused to take the job.A. why B. when C. that D. so10. Who _ that spoke first at yesterdays meeting?A. was it B. was C. it was D. did11. It wasnt _ personal interests that they did all this.A. because B. only C. just D. for12. Hardly _ the people ran toward it.A. had the plane landed when B. had the plane landed thanC. the plane landed before D. the plane was landing that13. No sooner _ than he realized that he should have remained silent.A. had the words been spoken B. the words had spokenC. the words had been spoken D. had the words spoken14. Youd rather not do it, _?A. shouldnt you B. wouldnt you C. would you D. ought you15. We never dared to ask him a question, _?A. did we B. doesnt it C. dared we D. darent we16. Unlike hackers, who gain unauthorized _ to computer or telecommunication systems for the challenge or even the principle of it, crackers do so for malicious purposes. A. passwordB. entryC. accessD. approach17. There are four factories in our institute, _ over 200 workers.A. with eachB. each havingC. each hasD. with each has18. By conservative _ 80% of humanity still cant use written language effectively.A. estimates B. estimated C. estimations D. estimating19. With _ her do this, she will have no difficulty persuading them to accept her plan.A. my helping B. mine helping C. me helping D. I help20. Only rarely do peoples jobs, spouses and children _ these imagined ideals.A. live up to B. agree with C. meet with D. realizesPart two: Cloze (10%)Directions: In this part of the test, there is an incomplete passage with 10 blanks. For each blank in the passage, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you think that can best complete the passage and mark your answer by ticking the corresponding letter before the choice.When Forbes published its first list in 1982, five of the top ten were in the Hunt family that drilled Texas _1_ holes and hit a lot of gushers, which reminds us of advice _2_ billionaire J. Paul Getty on how to get ahead in the world: rise early, work hard, strike oil. Getty got his big start the _3_ wayfrom his fathers money.The original list 14 years ago was _4_ Rockefellers, and Du Ponts, a Frick, a Whitney, Mellon or twoall great family fortunes that stretched back to the 19th century. The word “inheritance” appeared in the biographies 75 times.There werent as many old-money fortunes on last years listwhich leads to some conclusions about wealth in America. First, its not easy to _5_ money, even for millionaires. Taxes put a big _6_ in family fortunes, and unless the heirs are careful and invest wisely, they can lose their millions as fast as their ancestors made them. Second, the old ways to riches arent as _7_ as they used to be. Besides the three Du Pont entries, only 43 of the 400 entries on the most recent Forbes list represent people who got _8_ through inheritance. And only 18 in the latest 400 made their fortunes from oil, so Gettys quote no longer _9_ as true as it once did. Third, America is still the land of opportunity where smart young people like Bill Gates of Microsoft can _10_ on top of the list of richest Americans ahead of the Rockefellers, Mellons, Gettys and Carnegies.1.A. into B. full of C. with D. through2.A. attributed to B. contributed to C. accounted for D. brought about3.A. old-fashion B. old-fashionable C. old-fashioned D. unfashionable4.A. crawling with B. filling with C. popular with D. credited with5.A. hold down B. contain C. grasp D. hold on to6.A. edge B. dent C. disadvantage D. effect7.A. impressive B. dependable C. influential D. available8.A. there B. away C. on D. in9.A. looks B. rings C. views D. takes10.A. end up B. show C. arrive at D. raise up Part three: Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 3 passages. The passages are followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of the questions and unfinished statements there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you think is the best answer. Mark your choice ticking the corresponding letter before the choice.Passage 1When your parents advise you to "get an education" in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully drop out in grade school.Get a college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a masters degree, make sure it is an M.B.A., and is famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect.Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was 24000. While the full professors managed to earn just 23030.A Ph.D. is the highest degree you can get. Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a dim future. there are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world.If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or-worst of all-in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on table, and endlessly filling out applications month after month. They may also take a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns.You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.1. According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who _. A. will not be a disgrace to societyB. will become loyal citizensC. can take care of themselvesD. can meet the nations demands as a source of manpower2. Many Ph.D.s are out of job because _. A. they are improperly educatedB. they are of little commercial value to their societyC. there are fewer jobs in high schoolsD. they prefer easier jobs that make more money3. The nation is only interested in people _. A. with diplomasB. who specialize in physics and chemistryC. who are valuable to the gross national productD. both A and C4. Which of the following is not true? A. Bernard Shaw didnt finish high schools, nor did Edison.B. One must think carefully before pursuing a master degree.C. The higher your education level, the more money you will earn.D. If you are too well-educated, youll be overeducated for societys demands.5. The writer sees education as _. A. a means of providing job security and financial security and a means of meeting a countrys demands for technical workersB. a way to broaden ones horizonsC. more important than finding a jobD. an opportunity that everyone should havePassage 2The agricultural revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things the invention of labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture. Labor-saving machinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce. "In Europe", said Thomas Jefferson, "the object is to make the most of their land, labor being abundant; here it is to make the most of our labor, lard being abundant". It was in America, there fore, that the great advances in nineteenth-century agricultural machinery first came. At the opening of the century, with the exception of a crude plow, farmers could have carried practically all of the existing agricultural implements on their backs: by 1860, most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form. The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1990 Charles Newbold of New Jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron plow and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention. The farmers, however, would home none of it, claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds grow. Nevertheless many people devoted their attention to the plow, until in 1869, James Oliver of South Bend, Indiana, turned out the first chilled-steel plow.6. The word "here" (Para. 1, line. 4) refers to _. A. EuropeB. AmericaC. New JerseyD. Indiana7. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? A. The reed for labor helped the invention of machinery in America.B. The farmer rejected Charles Newbolds plow for fear of ruin of their field.C. Both Europe and America had great need of farm machinery.D. It was in Indiana that the first chilled-steel plow was produced.8. The passage is mainly about _. A. the agricultural revolutionB. the invention of labor-saving machineryC. the development of scientific agricultureD. the farming machinery in America9. At the opening of the nineteenth-century, farmers in America _. A. preferred light toolsB. were extremely self-reliantC. had many portable toolsD. had very few tools10. Implied but not stated _.A. There was a shortage of workers on American farmsB. The most important of the early inventions was the iron plowC. After 1869,many people devoted their attention to the plowD. Charles Newbolt had made a fortune by his cast-iron plow Passage 3We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as "regular" coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline). The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military? Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections. Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling. 11. According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will _.A. decrease graduallyB. become unstableC. improve enormously D. remain at the same level 12. The first paragraph tells us that a new product is _.A. usually introduced to satisfy different tastesB. often more expensive than old onesC. often inferior to old ones at firstD. not easily accepted by the public 13. Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to _.A. work out marketing policies B. increase its popularity C. promote its productionD. speed up its life cycle 14. The author mentions the example of "backpacks" (Line 4, Para.2) to show the importance of _. A. increasing usage among studentsB. exploring new market sections C. pleasing the young as well as the old D. serving both military and civil needs 15. In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are _.A. improving product quality B. re-positioning their product in the market C. modernizing product style D. increasing product featuresPart four: TranslationSection A: (15%)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 5 sentences from your textbook. Translate the sentences into Chinese and write your Chinese versions of the sentences in the space provided below.1. Engineers should be curious about the “how” and “why” of natural and mechanical things and creative in finding new ways of doing things, able to analyze problems systematically and logically and to communicate well, and willing to work within strict budgets and meet tight deadlines.2. I acquired a very strong work ethic from my parents, both of whom lived through the Great Depression.3. It is estimated that the new interaction between computers and Net technology will have significant influence on the industry of the future.4. Eventually, you may reach the point where you can afford to spend the rest of your life at the side of a swimming pool with a drink in your hand, but you probably wont.5. Two people may choose different brands of toothpaste with the identical price, amount, and quality; each person believes that he or she is expressing his personality by choosing that brand.Section B: (10%)Directions: In this part of the test, there is a short passage. Read the passage carefully and translate it into English. Write your translation of the passage in the space provided below.節(jié)省、積累可觀的財(cái)富，不是自動(dòng)完成的。人們必須有一定的收入，從而節(jié)省出可以用以致富的一定金額的資金，這要求由幾個(gè)另外的通常做法來(lái)達(dá)到一定的收入水平，從而使最低限度的儲(chǔ)蓄成為可能。對(duì)于那些交不上好運(yùn)、沒(méi)有遺產(chǎn)、沒(méi)有特殊才能的大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，必須接受教育。Part five: Writing (15%)Directions: In this part of the test, you are to write a composition of about 120-150 words on The Nature of Happiness. Your composition should be based on the outline given below:1. 幸福的本質(zhì)是2. 真正幸福的源泉是3. 為了能夠幸福，你應(yīng)該