命題點1細節(jié)事實

命題點1 細節(jié)事實本類考題解答錦囊 細節(jié)事實理解題主要考查考生對文章中某一些特定細節(jié)或文章的重要實事的理解水平。它一般包括直接理解題和語義理解題兩種。直接理解題的答案與原文直接掛鉤，從閱讀材料中能夠找到。這種題難度低，只要學生讀懂文章，就能得分，屬于低層次題。而語義理解題須將題目信息與原文相關信息實行語義上的轉換才能得出結論。這類題目要求考生能理解原文中某個短語或句子的含義，從而找到與答案意思相同的詞語和句子。這種題屬于中檔層次題。在歷年高考題中占絕大部分。 細節(jié)事實類題型多種多樣，但有一些常見的方式： 1Which of the following is truefalsementioned? 2What does the writer iter pay least attenti on to? 3Choose the right order of the events given in the passage 4A1l the following statements are not true(true)except_ 5Which of the following gmapsdiagrams gives the right position of? 一篇文章有了它所涉及的中心思想，即話題，確定了要表達的中心思想，還必須通過很多細節(jié)的信息來進一步解釋或表達主題體現(xiàn)中心思想，所以細節(jié)是一篇文章的絕大部分篇幅，也是考生閱讀過程中需要理解的主要內容，在閱讀測試中，這類試題占絕大部分。 解題步驟： 1通讀全文，即以最快速度讀完全文。目的讓考生對文章內容結構有一個總體了解。 2讀題干，弄懂其含義。 3帶著題干問題重讀文章。用查讀法(scannin8)，快速掃描文章，查找與設問內容相關的詞語或句子，借助于同義詞或同義結構；當題目涉及到時間、距離，以及其他用數(shù)字表示的細節(jié)時，有時需要計算才能得出答案。 高考最新熱門題 Help WantedHelp WantedPNINTER must have at least 3 years painting experience,Commercial ane new construction work.$10/hr.Immediate opening.Call43592典型例題 history.SECRETARY Part-time position available in friendly,busy office. Good typing and general office skills.Some weekends required.High pay .Various duties.Apply(申請)at East1.(典型例題卷) Help Wanted Help WantedSide Management,500Park Drive,DeWitt,NY,13214.VETERINARIAN ASSIS TANT (獸醫(yī)助理)Person needed for busy animal hospital. Some nights and weekends.Spply in person to Johnson-Marks Animal Hospital,4典型例題 Road, Syracuse,NY.13224.After4p.m. only please.NURSESASSISTANTS Full-time and part-time positions available for modernnuisring home.High pay. Call Mrs. Downes,R.N.at 5347618.COOK NEEDED immediately.Busy downtown restaurant.Must be good and dependable.Experience preferred.Weekends required. Call 324-9817.Help Wanted Help WantedSALESPERSON Experienced.Must have some Knowledge of mens clothing industry.Available to word evenings and some Saturdays.Send resume (個人簡歷)to：Martins Apparel.237 Rockledge St.Syracuse,NY13224.TEACHER small private school needs English and math teachers.Must have BS degree and at least 4 years teaching experience.Send resume to:Wales Charter School 19 South 8 th St,NY 13214.HOTEL needs part-time FRONT DESK CLERK.No experi8ence necessary.Excellent people and phong skills a must. Some computer skills helpful. $13/hr. Call:Mr.Jones 357-2897.1. lf you are interested in working in a hotel, call_. A. 435 92典型例題 B. 534-7618 C. 324 9817 D. 357-2897 2. If you want to get a job as a math teacher, send your resume to_. A. 237 Rockledge St. , Syracuse, NY. 13224 B. 4典型例題 Road, Syracuse, NY. 13224 C. 500 Park Drive, Dewitt, NY. 13214 D. 19 south 8th St. NY. 1321.1 3. If you dislike working on Sundays, being a_should be your best choice. A. cook B. secretary C. salesperson D. veterinarian assistant 4. If you want to get a job at_, you must have office skills. A. Martin's Apparel B. East Side Management C. Wales Charter School Johnson-Marks Animal Hosptal命題目的與解題技巧：這是一則廣告題。目的是考查生是否看懂招聘廣告。解答這類題的技巧在于：首先看請題干，帶著問題從原文搜索答案。屬于細節(jié)題中的直接理解題，只要把問題與原文掛購即可較容易地得到答案。 【解 析】 本文屬廣告類題材，文字難度適中。但需注意的是，廣告類文章尤其是招聘類廣告，其語句經(jīng)常缺少成分。不過問題設計比較簡單，可以從文中直接找到答案。 【答案】1D細節(jié)題，最后一則廣告是招聘旅館前臺接待員，電話是3572897 2D. 細節(jié)題。第七則廣告是一所私立學校招聘教師。據(jù)此可以選出答案。 3C. 細節(jié)題。從選項中排除：招聘秘書、廚師和獸醫(yī)助理的廣告片要求在周末工作，只有銷售人員要求晚上工作。 4B. 細節(jié)題。在招聘秘書的廣告中要求有辦公技能，且投遞申請要在East SldeManagement。故選答案B。2.(典型例題卷) Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee (裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don't care much about who wins or' loses, and it doesn't seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself. Grown-ups can hardly find children's games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to some- one of whom he is ordinarily afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in par- ticular games that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a b典型例題ually at someone, or to kiss some- one he has caught.It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their controk Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that everychild has a chance to win. 1. What is true about children when they play games? A. They can stop playing any time they like. B. They can test their personal abilities. C. They want to pick a better team. D. They don't need rules. 2. To become a leader in a game, the child has to _. A. play well B. wait for his turn C. be confident in himself D. be popular among his playmates 3. What do we know about grown-ups? A. They are not interested in games. B. They find children's games too easy. C. They don't need a reason to play games. D. They don't understand children's games. 4. Why does a child like playing games? A. Because he can be someone other than himself. B. Because he can become popular among friends. C. Because he finds he is always lucky in games. D. Because he likes the place where he plays a game. 5. The writer believes that_. A. children should make better rules for their games B. children should invite grown-ups to play with them C. children's games can do them a lot of good D. children play games without reasons 【解 析】 本文介紹了孩子們的不同于成人世界的游戲規(guī)則：簡單而公平；而成人卻對此迷惑不解。 【答 案】 1A 這是一道細節(jié)題。第一段第三句說明在做游戲時，他們可以根據(jù)自己的愿望在任何時候停止游戲。 2B這是一道細節(jié)題。從第二段倒數(shù)第二句可知，孩子們輪流擔任游戲的領導者。 3B這是一道細節(jié)題。第二段第一句說明大人們認為孩子們的游戲太簡單了。 4A 這是一道細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句可以判斷出孩子們喜好游戲的原因是他們在游戲中扮演了與自己完全不同的角色。 5C 第二段第二句表明作者的態(tài)度，他認為做游戲對孩子們來說是很有好處的。通過以上兩個例題可以看出，細節(jié)實事題大多可以在閱讀材料中找到對應的文字或相關的部分作為驗證。這一部分可能是一個詞或短語，也可能是一個句子或相關的若干句。 Passage1(典型例題Tired ot Working Your Country ! With over 500 instructors and 20 years of experience , we are the leader in the field of teaching foreign languages. We now have positions open in Osaka starting September / October 20典型例題instructors of English, German, Spanish and French. Teach many different kinds of classes using the latest technology in small classes of up to 3 students. Accommodation (住宿) , and other necessary documents (文件) will be ready before you leave. Applicants will teach their first language only. Excellent teacher training programs. If you are young with a university degree and are willing to experience different cultures, apply (申請) now. Experience in teaching is an advantage but not specially required. Knowledge of the Japanese language is not necessary but good English skills and practical computer knowledge are basic requirements. Apply with C. V. and send letters to. NOVA France, Mr. Sampy (IHT3 / 2 ) 34, BE). Haussmann, 75009 Paris, France Fax. 33148典型例題題isit our website:www, teachjp, com The manager expects to meet and talk with successful applicants in Paris in June and July. 1. What 15 the purpose of the text ? A. To introduce a language school in Japan. B. To hire language teachers to work in Japan C. To describe working conditions in Japan. D. To make clear the requirements for Japanese teachers 答案: B 指導：根據(jù)第一段"WenowhavepositionsinOsakastartingSeptemberOctober 20典型例題nstructionOfEnglish，Getman，SpanishandFrench”可判斷出這是一個招聘廣告，目的是招聘在日本工作的語言教師。2. We know from the text that those who are going to Japan will_. A. teach English only in Osaka B. receive a degree from a university C. have free accommodation D. get trained for the job 答案: D 指導：廣告中的Excellent teacher training programs告訴我們，到日本教學的教師將受到培訓。3. Before going to Japan, you need _. A. to see the manager of NOVA France B. to take some computer courses C. to write a letter to Japan D. to find a place to live 答案: A 指導：從廣告的最后一句話"The manager expects to meet and talk with successful applicants in Paris inJune and July"可知在去日本前，應聘者要與NOVA France的經(jīng)理見面。4. If you want to work in Japan you should_. A. have some working experience B. know how to use computers C. present good teaching plans D. speak several languages Passage 答案: B 指導：根據(jù)廣告中的“Knowledge Of the Japanese language is not necessary but good English skills and practical computer know ledge and basic requirements"可判斷出應聘者必須知道如何使用計算機。Passage 2 (典型例題)How Long Can People Live? She took up skating at age 85, made her first movie appearance at age 114, and held a concert in the neighborhood on her 121st birthday.When it comes to long life. Jeanne Calment is the world's recordholder. She lived to the ripe old age of 122. So is 122 the upper limit to the human life span(壽命)? If scientists come up with some sort of pill or diet that would slow aging, could we possibly make it to 150or beyond? Researchers don't entirely agree on the answers. "Calment lived to 122, so it wouldn't surprise me if someone alive today reaches 130 or 135, "says Jerry Shay at the University of Texas. Steve Austad at the University of Texas agrees. "People can live much longer than we think, "he says. "Experts used to say that humans couldn't live past 110. When Calment blewpast that age, they raised the number to 120. So why can't we go higher?" The trouble with guessing how old people can live to be is that it's all just guessing. "Anyone can make up a number," says Rich Miller at the University of Michigan. "Usually the scientist who picks the highest number gets his name in Time magazine." Won't new anti-aging techniques keep us alive for centu ries? Any cure, says Miller, for aging would probably keep most of us kicking until about 120. Researchers are working on treatments that lengthen the life span of mice by 50 percent at most. So, if the average human life span is about 80 years, says Miller, "adding another 50 percent would get you to 120." So what can we conclude from this little disagreement a mong the researchers? That life span is flexible (有彈性的) but there is a limit, says George Martin of the University of says. "But a fly's never going to live 150 years. 'Of course, if you became a new species(物種) , one that ages at a slower speed, that would be a different story, he adds. Does Martin really believe that humans could evolve (進化) their way to longer life? "it's pretty cool to think about," he says with a smile. 1. What does the story of Jeanne Calment prove to us? A. People can live to 122. B. Old people are creative. C. Women are sporty at 85. D. Women live longer than men. 答案: A 指導：第二段中“She lived to the ripeoldage of l22So is 122 the upper limit to the human life span?"告訴我們Jeanne Calment的經(jīng)歷證明人們可以活到122歲。2. According to Steve Austad at the University of Texas,_. A. the average human life span could be 110 B. scientists cannot find ways to slow aging C. few people can expect to live to over 150 D. researchers are not sure how long people can live 答案: D 指導：根據(jù)第四段Steve Austad的論述可判斷出研究人員不能確定人們的壽命有多長。3. Who would agree that a scientist will become famous if he makes the wildest guess at longevity? A. Jerry Shay. B. Steve Austad. C. Rich Miller. D. George Martin. 答案: C指導：第五段"Anyone can make up anumber，”says Rich Miller at the University Of Michigan?！癠sually the scientist who picks the highest number gest his nalne in Time magazine”說明RichMiller認為對人類的壽命估計最高的科學家會出名。4. What can we infer from the last three paragraphs? A. Most of us could be good at sports even at 120. B. The average human life span cannot be doubled. C. Scientists believe mice are aging at a slower speed than before. D. New techniques could be used to change flies into a new species. Passage 答案: B 指導：根據(jù)后三段的內容可推斷出人們的平均壽命不會加倍。3(典型例題) If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech "Information Age" demands people who are lexible(靈活) and who have good communication skills. There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions. For example, a number of re- search studies found that social science majors bad achieved greater managerial success than those how had technical train- lng or pre-professional courses; Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading featured (特點) of the kind of high-speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in. Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long term company jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry level positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most sought-after quality in a person who was looking for a job was communica- tion skills, noted as "very important" by 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, of ten without knowing how important they are. It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of positions.Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don't regret their choice of study. 1. By saying that" you may have had the last laugh" in the first paragraph, the author means that you may have_. A. shared the jokes with computer majors B. earned as much as computer majors C. found jobs more easily than computer majors D. stopped joking about computer majors 答案: C 指導：這是一道推斷作者意圖題。從第一段"Thereare many advantages for the social science major”可知，靈活和好的交際技巧在“信息社會中”是十分重要的，所以學習社會科學的畢業(yè)生比學習計算機的畢業(yè)生可能更容易找到工作。2. Compared with graduates of other subjects, social science graduates_. A. are ready to change when situations change B. are better able to deal with difficulties C. are equally good at computer skills D. are likely to give others pressure 答案: A 指導：這是一道細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Studies show that social science maiors are”可判斷出與其他專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生相比，社會科學的畢業(yè)生在形勢改變時，他們更樂意改變。3. The underlined word "land" in the last paragraph probably means_. A. keep for some time B. successfully get C. immediately start D. lose regretfully 答案: B 指導：這是一道猜義題。根據(jù)land后的賓語the first job 可判斷出它的意思是“成功地獲得”。4. According to the text, what has made it easy for social science graduates to find jobs? A. Willingness to take low-paid jobs. B. Readiness to gain high-tech knowledge. C. Skills in expressing themselves. D. Part-time work experience. Passage 答案: C 指導：這是一道細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段中"Thestudy also showed that”可得出結論，社會科學畢業(yè)生的善于表現(xiàn)自己的技巧使他們容易找到工作。4(典型例題 C)It's not the flashiest car in the world. Not even close. But the 1971 Volkswagen named Helios can do something most cars can't: nm on solar energyenergy from the sun's light and heat ! Joshua Bechtold, 14. and the other students at the Riverside School in Lyndonville, Vermont, worked many months to get Helios ready for the 1999 American Tour de Sol("Sol" is the Latin word for "sun"). They named their car after Helios, the sun god in Greek mythology(神話) . The 4-year-old Tour de SOl encourages the use of "green", or environmentally friendly, cars to help reduce pollution and save energy. It's not a race. Cars are judged on fuel efficiency (耗油量) rather than speed. In the week-long event, 44 cars took the 350-mile tour from Waterbury, Connecticut, to Lake George, New York. Of the 23 student cars, Helios was the on- ly one built by middle school students. A teacher drove Helios, but the children talked with people wherever they stopped along the road "That was my favor- ite part. "says Anna Browne, 15. "We explained how the car runs." Due in part to old, inefficient batteries (電池), Helios finished fourth out of four in its kind, the sun-powered class. "We were there for the fun of it. "Anna says. "We're proud of Helios, ' says Ariel Gleicher, 14. "It's a car that's good for the environment." 1. What is special about the car Helios in the text? A. It was built by middle school students. B. It has an attractive design. C. It was made in 1971. D. It won the fourth prize. 答案: A 指導：這是一道細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Helios was the only one built by middle school students可以推斷選A.2. How many sun-powered cars took part in the race? A. 1. B. 4. C. 23. D. 44. 答案: B 指導：這是一道細節(jié)推斷題兩太陽能賽車參賽。根據(jù)最后一段第一句outoffour可以推斷一共有4輛太陽能賽車參賽。3. What would be the best title for the text? A. The Making of Helios B. 1999 American Tour de sol C. Sun-powered Cars on the Road D. Use of Green Cars in Connecticut 答案: C 指導；這是一道主旨題。這篇文章主要講幾個中學生制造的太陽能賽車上路參加比賽的事，所以最好的題目是Sun powered Cars on the Road4. The students felt proud of Helios because_. A. it could run as far as 350 miles B. it was favored by many children C. it had high-quality batteries D. it was driven by clean energy Passage答案: D指導：這是一道細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一句It's a car that's good for the environment，即是由綠色能源驅動的。5(典型例題A) When Lewis and Clark stepped onto the Weippe Prairie in present-day Idaho in September 18典型例題y met the Nez Perce Indians. In the following years, the white explorers (探險者) began fight with the Indians or their land. Some Nez Perce chiefs signed agreements with the U. S. government, selling part of their lands. But the government always broke those a- greements and demanded more land.Other chiefs refused to go along with the government's plans. The most famous was Chief Joseph, whose people lived in the Wallowa Valley (present-day Oregon). "In order to have all people understand how much land we owned," he once explained, "my father planted poles around it and said. ' Inside is the home of my people . It circl ed aroundthe graves (墳墓) of our fathers, and we will never give up these graves to any man. ' But in 1874, the U. S. government declared the valley open for white settlement and ordered the Nez Perce onto a res- ervation(保留地). Seeing that resistance was useless. Chief Jo seph agreed to move.Later, fighting broke out between the Nez Perce and U. S. soldiers. Chief Joseph tried to lead his people to Canada, winning several battles against the soldiers during their flight. But finally, he was forced to give in. 1. Which historic site (on the map) lies in the south of today's Nez Perce Reservation? A. Buffalo Eddy. B. Dug Bar. C. Joseph Canyon Viewpoint. D. Chief Looking Glass Camp. 答案: D 指導：此題為識圖題。首先要審清題目，注意題干中的關鍵詞historic site，in the south，然后再觀察地圖及圖例，很容易判斷D項為正確答案。2. What can we learn about the Nez Perce lands from the map? A. They were in the state of Oregon. B. They have become a historic site C. They have become much smaller. D. They were limited to the wallowa Valley. 答案: C 指導：根據(jù)地圖中圖例部分第一項、第二項，可以看出1855年Nez Perce lands的范圍比當今Nez Perce Reservation的范圍要大得多。由此可判斷C項為正確答案。3. From Paragraph 3, we know that the Indians wanted to_. A. show oft