高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 高頻考點(diǎn)（高頻 規(guī)律 技巧）B1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件

B 高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)（高頻高頻 / 規(guī)律規(guī)律 / 技巧技巧）B1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣 考 綱 解 讀 1準(zhǔn)確把握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表允許、推測(cè)、判斷等用法。 2準(zhǔn)確把握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在虛擬語(yǔ)氣句子中的使用。 3wish, as if/though, if only, would rather從句， Its time從句等句型中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 4表示“堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求”的詞語(yǔ)后及各 類從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 5虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的運(yùn)用。 考 情 解 讀 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 題題量量年份年份推推測(cè)測(cè)請(qǐng)求、請(qǐng)求、允諾、允諾、允許允許必必要要性性情態(tài)動(dòng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞其他詞其他用法用法虛擬虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)氣2008802222009503152010562142011413362012104510 趨 勢(shì) 解 讀1一般來(lái)說(shuō)，每年高考的單項(xiàng)填空必有一道考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的題目，以后的高考題對(duì)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查不會(huì)有太大變化，(1)虛擬語(yǔ)氣；(2)推測(cè)和可能性；(3)表示必要性及表示請(qǐng)求、允許、允諾是高考的熱點(diǎn)。2預(yù)計(jì)2013年對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查呈上升趨勢(shì)。試題的立意不偏不怪，但是有效信息越來(lái)越隱蔽，情景越來(lái)越生動(dòng)、真實(shí)，考查角度越來(lái)越細(xì)微化、綜合化。易易錯(cuò)錯(cuò) 警警示示 I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _it. Awill have stolen Bmight have stolen Cshould have stolen Dmust have stolen 易誤選D 許多考生認(rèn)為此處表示某人肯定把手提包偷走了，結(jié)果導(dǎo)致誤選D。其實(shí)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推斷出此處表示可能性較小的推測(cè)：手提包當(dāng)時(shí)有可能會(huì)被偷走。故答案為B。 Dont play with the dog, Jack, for it _be dangerous at times. Ashall Bshould Ccan Dmust 易誤選A、D 很多考生認(rèn)為玩狗將很危險(xiǎn)或者肯定很危險(xiǎn)，從而誤選A或D。其實(shí)，shall用于第二、第三人稱表示“允諾，命令，警告，威脅”等；should表示“應(yīng)該”；must表示“必須，一定”等；而can除了表示“能，能夠”外，還可表示“(有時(shí))會(huì)，可能會(huì)”等。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意義可知，正確答案為C。 I think Ill give Bob a ring. You _You havent been in touch with him for ages. Awill Bmay Chave to Dshould 易誤選C 考生有可能誤選C項(xiàng)。分析句意可知，表示原則上或道義上“應(yīng)該”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should用在這里正合適。故選D。 _fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. AWould you be BShould you be CCould you be DMay you be 易誤選D 考生容易誤選D項(xiàng)，但是may用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)表示祝福、祝愿，用在此處不合適。分析句意可知，橫線處所填的內(nèi)容表示條件。當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)中含有were，should, had時(shí)，可以將這些詞移到句首，此時(shí)須把連詞if省略，故選B。此處相當(dāng)于If you should be。 Dont you think it necessary that he _to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is _he has refused to. Awill not be sent; that Bnot be sent; that Cshould not be sent; what Dshould not sent; what 易誤選A、C 本題是對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣和省略的考查，考生若是對(duì)相關(guān)知識(shí)掌握得不牢固，便可能誤選A項(xiàng)或C項(xiàng)。第一空，在“Itbenecessary/right/important/essential/impossibe等that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分要用(should)do結(jié)構(gòu)，此處的should不可以換用其他的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，故選項(xiàng)A被排除；動(dòng)詞send與主語(yǔ)he之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選項(xiàng)D也被排除；第二空，題干中的“he has refused to”是一個(gè)省略結(jié)構(gòu)，其完整形式為“he has refused to be sent to New York”，該句子不缺成分，故應(yīng)填上只起連接作用、在句中不作任何成分、沒(méi)有任何含義的that。that在本題中引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。故選B。 Thank you for all your hard work last week, I dont think we _it without you. Acan manage Bcould have managed Ccould manage Dcan have manage 易誤選A 這是一種含蓄的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，句中的虛擬條件通過(guò)介詞短語(yǔ)without you來(lái)體現(xiàn)，句中l(wèi)ast week表明是過(guò)去的事情，所以這里的without you 相當(dāng)于“if it had not been for you”，故選B?？伎键c(diǎn)點(diǎn) 精精析析 基 礎(chǔ) 盤 點(diǎn) 熱 門 考 點(diǎn) 1采用(should)do結(jié)構(gòu)“虛擬語(yǔ)氣”； 2would rather(that)/if only/as if/it be(high)time(that)等固定句型； 3neednt/could(not)/should(not).have pp.本 卻； 4與某時(shí)態(tài)相反假設(shè)； 5虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜句； 6表推測(cè)； 7表必要性； 8請(qǐng)求、允諾、準(zhǔn)許； 9其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法。 關(guān) 注 節(jié) 點(diǎn) The doctor recommeded that you _swim after eating a large meal. Awouldnt Bcouldnt Cneednt Dshouldnt 答案D考查(should)do表建議。熱點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)11 AWho do you suggest BWho do you suggest that should CDo you suggest who should DDo you suggest whom should 答案A考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在suggest表示建議的賓語(yǔ)從句中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略，故選A。_be sent to work there? Ahad Bhas Chave Dwould have 答案C考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。本題中有requirement，后跟動(dòng)詞原形。Their requirement that he _one years experience is reasonable. Adrive; not answer Bwas driving; shouldnt answer Cshould drive; shouldnt have answered Ddrove；shouldnt answer 答案Binsist表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”，后面的賓語(yǔ)不使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故選B。The bus driver insisted that he _at a normal speed when the accident happened and there fore _for the childs death.1用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, recommend, urge, propose, advise等。賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。 注意：當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”之意時(shí)，suggest/insist后的賓語(yǔ)從句不使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，應(yīng)使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷錢。 等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其構(gòu)成是“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。 “一、二、三、四”法 一、堅(jiān)持二、命令三、需要四、建議 與此類詞匯邏輯相關(guān)聯(lián)的名詞性從句謂語(yǔ)一般都是(should)be/do。3在在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice 2It is desired /suggested/proposed/recommended/ necessary/ important/natural/essentialthat從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用詞用“should動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略?？梢允÷?。 (2011遼寧卷)Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking. Awill do Bhas done Cdo Ddid 答案D虛擬語(yǔ)氣固定句型，比正常時(shí)態(tài)后退一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。熱點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)12 I wish they _always late. Awerent Bhadnt been Cwouldnt be Dwouldnt have been 答案A句意：孩子們都到哪里去了？宴會(huì)就要被他們徹底破壞了。我希望他們不要總是遲到。本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。wish后跟that從句，從句部分采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。本題表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。(2011北京卷北京卷)Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. Alistening Blisten Cam listening Dhad listened 答案D本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)作先于wish，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 Afollow Bwould follow Chad followed Dhave followed 答案C本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。If only句子How I wish(that)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)作先于if only，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。How I wish I _to my parents advice.Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _your advice. Ado Bdont Cdidnt Ddidnt do 答案D本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其結(jié)構(gòu)為would rather sb過(guò)去時(shí)。故選D。 Awere Bhad been Cis Dhas been 答案A本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選A。Most insurance agents would rather you _anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he_a Chinese. Ahas been Bwas Cis Dhad been 答案D本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。as though引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，as though引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。D項(xiàng)正確。Looking round the town, he felt as though he _ away for ages. Ais Bwere Chas been Dhad been 答案B句意：不要這么拿著這個(gè)花瓶，就好像它是鋼制成似的。本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。as if意為“好像”，分析句意可知as if后面的句子須使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，并且所述情況是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè)，因此使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選擇B項(xiàng)。(2012北京卷北京卷)Dont handle the vase as if it_made of steel. 1wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能 實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式為：if only句子句子How I wish(that)從句從句If only I were a flying bird！How I wish I were a flying bird!我要是一只飛鳥該多好??！我要是一只飛鳥該多好??！ 2在would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其結(jié) 構(gòu)為：I would rather/prefer I had not told him the bad news.我寧我寧愿沒(méi)告訴他那個(gè)壞消息。愿沒(méi)告訴他那個(gè)壞消息。如果如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，作同時(shí)發(fā)生，as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如果果as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作，詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作，as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成3虛擬語(yǔ)氣在虛擬語(yǔ)氣在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句中的運(yùn)用引導(dǎo)的從句中的運(yùn)用 時(shí)；如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作后于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作，as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于) 她講英語(yǔ)如此流利，好像她在美國(guó)學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ)。 (2012北京卷)We _the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me? Ashould face Bmight face Ccould have faced Dmust have faced 答案C考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由but和didnt看出與過(guò)去相反。熱點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)13 “本卻”是高考虛擬語(yǔ)氣重要的考查點(diǎn)，近些年虛擬語(yǔ)氣考查有上升趨勢(shì)，故更值得注意。can/could have done本來(lái)能夠做卻未做本來(lái)能夠做卻未做cannot/could not have done本來(lái)不能做卻做了本來(lái)不能做卻做了should/ought to have done本該做，而實(shí)際上未做本該做，而實(shí)際上未做should not/ought not to have done本不該做而做了本不該做而做了neednt have done本不必做而做了本不必做而做了had better have done當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了(其否定式其否定式had better not have done表達(dá)相反的含義表達(dá)相反的含義) 續(xù)表would rather have done寧愿當(dāng)時(shí)做了寧愿當(dāng)時(shí)做了(其否定式其否定式would rather not have done表達(dá)相反含表達(dá)相反含義，兩者都表示義，兩者都表示“后悔后悔”之意之意)would like/love to have done sth過(guò)去愿意做但未做成過(guò)去愿意做但未做成intend/plan/be to have done sth本計(jì)劃、打算做卻未做本計(jì)劃、打算做卻未做wish/hope to have done sth本希望做卻未做本希望做卻未做 (2012浙江卷)Had they known what was coming next, they _second thoughts. Amay have Bcould have Cmust have had Dmight have had 答案D前面為倒裝省略形式，正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為If they had known what was coming next，與過(guò)去相反假設(shè)。熱點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)14 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的運(yùn)用從句從句主句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)相反的假設(shè)If主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞用were)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)should/would/could/might動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形形與過(guò)去事實(shí)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)相反的假設(shè)If主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)had過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)should/would/could/mighthave過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)相反的假設(shè)1.If主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式2.If主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)were to動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞原形原形3.If主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)should動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 原形原形主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)should/would/could/might動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形形 在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的話，我們就不去登山了。 注意：當(dāng)省略的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。 有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，而是通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替虛擬條件句。1. if省略句省略句2含蓄條件句含蓄條件句 but.(真實(shí)) If you had not helped me, I would have failed. Without your help, I would have failed. But for your helpIf it had not been your help Had it not been your help I would have failed.3高考考查與過(guò)去相反高考考查與過(guò)去相反 But that you had helped me, I would have failed. You helped me. Otherwise, I would have failed. You helped me, or/or else I would have failed. I would have failed but you helped me. (上海卷)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. Awouldnt have fallen Bhad not fallen Cshould fall Dwere to fall 答案B考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜句，從句與過(guò)去相反假設(shè)。熱點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)15 Ahad not worked that hard Bdid not work that hard Cwas not working that hard Dwere not working that hard 答案A考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜句。主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間為現(xiàn)在，而條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故從句應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，選A。I would not be sitting in a comfortable office if I _ at school. Astudied Bwould study Chad studied Dwas studying 答案C句意：也許如果當(dāng)時(shí)我學(xué)習(xí)的是理科而不是文科的話，那么我(現(xiàn)在)就可以給你更多的幫助了。本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)then一詞可以確定此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故if引導(dǎo)的從句部分用had done，故選C。(2011北京卷北京卷)Maybe if I _science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. 當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為“錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它們所表示的時(shí)間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. 如果你剛才聽(tīng)了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就好多了。 If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 如果你以前好好學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就是一名大學(xué)生了。 一般考查主句與現(xiàn)在相反假設(shè)，從句與過(guò)去相反假設(shè)，一般有時(shí)間提示。 (浙江卷)The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _be very slow. Ashould Bmust Cwill Dcan 答案Dcan表示客觀存在較小的可能性。 熱點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)16表推測(cè)(可能性)1可能性可分為客觀的可能性和具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性兩種。所謂客觀的(理論的)可能性即并不涉及具體某事是否會(huì)發(fā)生，此種用法常?？梢哉f(shuō)明人或事物的特征。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can可用于肯定句中表示客觀的(理論的)可能性，而表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性時(shí)，can一般不用于肯定句。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. 這樣的多雨天氣可能會(huì)發(fā)生事故。(客觀的可能性) We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet. 今晚我們可能去看電影，但還沒(méi)確定。(實(shí)際可能性，不用can) (1)表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性的層次比較：2表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性詞形詞形肯定式肯定式否定式否定式疑問(wèn)式疑問(wèn)式must必定，必然必定，必然/should按說(shuō)應(yīng)該按說(shuō)應(yīng)該應(yīng)該不會(huì)應(yīng)該不會(huì)/ought to按說(shuō)應(yīng)該按說(shuō)應(yīng)該應(yīng)該不會(huì)應(yīng)該不會(huì)/can/不可能不可能有可能嗎？有可能嗎？could微弱的可能微弱的可能不可能不可能語(yǔ)氣比語(yǔ)氣比can弱弱may或許，也許，也未或許，也許，也未可知，也說(shuō)不定可知，也說(shuō)不定可能不可能不/might比比may還弱還弱比比may not還弱還弱/ (2)表示具體事情實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性時(shí)，may, must常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句(may not表示“可能不”)；can常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中，表示疑惑、驚訝或不相信等意思；could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句 、疑問(wèn)句中。 常見(jiàn)： 肯定句mustshouldmaymight 否定句can notshould notmay notmight not 疑問(wèn)句can/could This cant/couldnt be done by him. 這不可能是他干的。(表不相信) This may not be done by him. 這可能不是他干的。(表不確定) Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? 布什先生做一切事情都非常守時(shí)。開(kāi)幕式他怎么可能會(huì)遲到呢？(表示疑惑、驚訝) I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我沒(méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)電話鈴響，我一定是睡著了。(表肯定) Are you coming to Jeffs party? 你要來(lái)杰弗的聚會(huì)嗎？ Im not sure. I might go to the concert instead.(表不確定) 我不確定，我可能要去音樂(lè)會(huì)。 (2012課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)I _use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. Acouldnt Bmustnt Cshouldnt Dneednt 答案D根據(jù)句意，火車準(zhǔn)時(shí)經(jīng)過(guò)我家，沒(méi)必要用鬧鐘。 (2012重慶卷)_you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? Sorry Sir, but its urgent. ACan BShould CMust DWould 答案Cmust此處可譯為“偏偏”或“非要”。熱點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)17表示必要性 must常用來(lái)表示必要性，意為“必須”。 (1)mustdo sth(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái))必須做某事 (2)dont have to do sth/dont need to do sth/neednt do sth(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái))不必做某事 (3)表示過(guò)去沒(méi)必要做某事時(shí)，分為以下情況： neednt have done sth本來(lái)不必做而做了某事 didnt have to do sth/didnt need to do sth/It was not necessary to do sth(過(guò)去)不必做某事(不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否做了) You neednt have worked that late last night. It was harmful to your health. 你昨晚不必工作到那么晚。那對(duì)你的身體沒(méi)好處。 1.mustnt have pp形式不存在 因?yàn)椋?1)mustnt表禁止，動(dòng)作未發(fā)生 (2)must表推測(cè)，可能性全部否定用cant With the development of society，a computer has become a must.2must近些年?？计浣┠瓿？计洹捌薄胺且且敝庵?must n必需之物；必做之事必需之物；必做之事 Homework seems a must for every student. should也可以表示必要性，意為“(義務(wù)上)應(yīng)該”。should表示必要性時(shí)，在語(yǔ)氣上比must(必須)弱?！皊hould動(dòng)詞原形”，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)應(yīng)該做(的必要性)；“shouldhave過(guò)去分詞”，表示過(guò)去本該做(的必要性)。 (2012遼寧卷)One of our rules is that every student _wear school uniform while at school. Amight Bcould Cshall Dwill 答案Cshall表示強(qiáng)制、命令。熱點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)18 OK. You _have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. Amight Bmust Ccould Dshall 答案D句意：媽媽，給我講個(gè)故事好嗎？好，如果你盡快上床睡覺(jué)，我就給你講一個(gè)。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。shall在此處表示“允諾”，故選擇D項(xiàng)。(2011陜西卷陜西卷)Will you read me a story, Mummy? Dont worry. You _have it by Friday. Acould Bshall Cmust Dmay 答案B句意：我至今還沒(méi)有拿到參考書，但是下個(gè)月這個(gè)學(xué)科就要測(cè)試了。別擔(dān)心，周五之前你一定會(huì)有的。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。shall用于第二人稱表示允諾、要求、命令、威脅等語(yǔ)氣，根據(jù)句意可知此處表示允諾的語(yǔ)氣，故答案為B。could能，能夠；must必須；may也許，均不符合語(yǔ)境，可排除。(2010江蘇卷江蘇卷)I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Khulaifi._I spell that for you? AShall BWould CCan DMight 答案Ashall意為“嗎，好嗎，叫好嗎，是不是想”，用于征求對(duì)方的同意或意見(jiàn)。would用于第二人稱，表示“愿意”。can用于征得對(duì)方的同意，意為“可以，可能”。might用于征得對(duì)方的同意，意為“可以”，用于疑問(wèn)句和建議時(shí)比may更委婉和禮貌。(北京卷北京卷)Whats the name? Amay Bshould Cmust Dshall 答案D在陳述語(yǔ)氣中，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱時(shí)，shall表示說(shuō)話者的意圖，含有意旨、命令、恫嚇等，支配著對(duì)方的行動(dòng)。這是法官的宣判，用shall比較合適。should“應(yīng)該”，語(yǔ)氣不如shall強(qiáng)烈。(重慶卷重慶卷)“The interest _be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，”declared the judge. Ashall Bwill Cneed Dmay 答案A本題中shall表示威脅，命令。故選A。It has been announced that all the students _ put on masks(口罩口罩)before going to school in case they are infected with SARS virus.表示請(qǐng)求、允許、允諾 Shall/May(Might)/Can(Could)I/we.? Shall he/she/they.? Would/Will you.? Shall the driver wait outside? 司機(jī)在外邊等著可以嗎？ Would you do me a favor? 請(qǐng)幫我一下，好嗎？1當(dāng)對(duì)方是決策者時(shí)，你向?qū)Ψ疆?dāng)對(duì)方是決策者時(shí)，你向?qū)Ψ?you)請(qǐng)示或提出建議時(shí)用：請(qǐng)示或提出建議時(shí)用： It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 已宣布，在所有試卷收上來(lái)之前，應(yīng)試者必須待在自己的座位上。(規(guī)則或規(guī)定)2shall(尤其用于二、三人稱時(shí)尤其用于二、三人稱時(shí))可表示威脅、命令、允諾、可表示威脅、命令、允諾、 決心決心(涉及法律規(guī)定時(shí)常用涉及法律規(guī)定時(shí)常用shall) (2012江蘇卷)Happy birthday! Thank you! Its the best present I _for. Ashould have wished Bmust have wished Cmay have wished Dcould have wished 答案D這是我能夠期望的最好禮物。 (2012陜西卷)I _thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. Awont Bcant Ccan Dwill 答案Bcant和too.或enough連用，表示也不為過(guò)。熱點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)19情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的其他用法要點(diǎn)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.盡管這場(chǎng)大火迅速蔓延到了整個(gè)賓館，但是每個(gè)人都逃了盡管這場(chǎng)大火迅速蔓延到了整個(gè)賓館，但是每個(gè)人都逃了出去。出去。1表能力表能力 I cannot but choose to go.我只好去。 (1)“may well動(dòng)詞原形”是一種常用結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“完全能，很可能”，相當(dāng)于“be very likely to動(dòng)詞原形”。 He may well be proud of his son. 他大可為他的兒子感到自豪。 (2)“may as well動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好，滿可以，倒不 如”。 We may as well stay where we are. 我們留在現(xiàn)在的地方倒也不錯(cuò)。2cannot butdo sth表示表示“不得不不得不/只好做某事只好做某事”。3may well和和may as well結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。4cannot(或can never等)與enough連用表示“再也不為過(guò)”。5may可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you be happy. 祝你幸福。6should表示驚訝 常與wonder, surprise, astonish, shock, amaze, strange, curious等表吃驚的詞語(yǔ)連用。 Tom looked back but who should sit behind? Just his exwife. 湯姆回頭看，可誰(shuí)竟會(huì)坐在他后面？他前妻。 Its strange that you should have arrived so early. 奇怪了，你來(lái)得這么早。 Thats unfair! Im really sorry. You should say such words. 那不公平！ 真遺憾。你居然說(shuō)出這樣的話來(lái)。名名 師師 招招 招招 鮮鮮 (1)閱讀語(yǔ)法參考書，首先從整體上把握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征和語(yǔ)義特征； (2)逐個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)，了解每個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法特征； (3)認(rèn)真區(qū)別具有相同功能的、意思相近的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法； (4)收集大量真實(shí)的口語(yǔ)材料(如教材中的對(duì)話材料及聽(tīng)力材料)，在真實(shí)的交際情景中領(lǐng)悟它們的用法和特征。1. 學(xué)習(xí)和掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意義和用法，應(yīng)遵循如下步驟：學(xué)習(xí)和掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意義和用法，應(yīng)遵循如下步驟：2解答情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣類的題目時(shí)，一定要細(xì)細(xì)領(lǐng)會(huì)情景特征，不要放過(guò)任何細(xì)節(jié)。只有這樣，才能找到足夠的有效信息，做出最佳選擇。3一定要將上面提到的高考熱點(diǎn)落到實(shí)處，反復(fù)咀嚼，反復(fù)演練，確保精通。(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法繁多，本專題只對(duì)高考常考重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行講述。)