廣東省中山市中考英語 語法精講精練 第5節(jié) 介詞和介詞短語課件 人教新目標版

英語英語第第5 5節(jié)節(jié)介詞和介詞短語介詞和介詞短語考點突破考點突破中考導航中考導航課堂小測課堂小測中考模擬演練中考模擬演練考點考點廣東省卷近五年中考統(tǒng)計廣東省卷近五年中考統(tǒng)計高頻考點高頻考點201120122013201420151.表示時間的介詞2.表示地點和方位的介詞3.表示方式、手段或工具的介詞4.其他常用介詞5.介詞短語考情分析：考情分析：從近五年考查情況來看，介詞和介詞短語是每年的必考點，近幾年均考查了常用介詞的用法及辨析。2016年備考時應掌握好常用介詞的用法及辨析，不要混淆；介詞短語近幾年均未考查，備考時也應注意。中考導航中考導航1.at、in、on表示時間的區(qū)別 (1)at表示具體的時間點，常用于表示鐘點及某些詞組中。如: at Christmas(在圣誕節(jié))；at six oclock(在6點鐘)；at night(在晚上)；at the end of(在結束時)；at the age of(在歲時)；at last(最終，最后)。 (2)in用于表示世紀、年、月、季節(jié)、在上午下午晚上白天等。如: in 1995 (在1995年)；in the 1980s (在20世紀80年代)；in May，1992 (在1992年5月)；in the morningafternoonevening(在上午下午晚上)；in springsummerautumnwinter(在春季夏季秋季冬季)in還可以表示從現(xiàn)在算起到若干時間以后，意為“在時間后”，用于一般將來時或過去將來時態(tài)。如: 首頁首頁末頁末頁考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁Can you finish drawing a good horse in five minutes? 你能在5分鐘內畫一匹好看的馬嗎? (3)on用于表示確定的時間，具體某一天或具體某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般節(jié)日等。如:on December 1st，1994 (在1994年12月1日)；on Monday morning(在星期一上午)；on a cold morning(在一個寒冷的早晨)；on the night of October 22nd(在10月22日晚上)；on Christmas Day(在圣誕節(jié))；on Teachers Day(在教師節(jié)) 注意:在以this，that，next，last，tomorrow，yesterday等開始的表示時間的單詞或詞組前不用介詞。如:I will go to Beijing next week. 下周我將去北京。考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁2.for，since，from表示時間的區(qū)別 (1)“for+一段時間”意為“已經(jīng)多長時間了”，強調某動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多長時間，可與過去、現(xiàn)在、將來等多種時態(tài)連用，謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。如: She has worked there for four years. 她已經(jīng)在那里工作4年了。 (2)since用作介詞時，意為“自從，自以后”，指從某一時間一直延續(xù)至今，后接時間點，通常與完成時連用。如:The factory has been there since spring 1989.那家工廠自1989年春就在那里了。 注意:since還可以用作連詞，用來引導一個時間狀語從句。如: 考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁Great changes have taken place since he left. 自從他離開以后，這里發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 (3)from(from.to.)表示開始的時間，意為“從”(“從到”)，謂語可用過去、現(xiàn)在或將來時態(tài)。如: Students go to school from Monday to Friday. 學生們周一至周五上學。 。 考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁3.to，past，pass表時間的區(qū)別 (1)to介詞，大于30分鐘時，表示“差”。如:ten to seven(6 50) (2)past介詞，小于30分鐘時，表示“過”。 如:ten past six(6 10) (3)pass動詞，表示“經(jīng)過，過去”。如:He passed by me.他從我身邊經(jīng)過。 考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁4.其余表示時間的介詞 (1)after指時間“在以后”，后面接時間點或時間段均可。接時間段時，多和過去時連用；接時間點時，多和將來時連用。如: He came back after a few days. 幾天后他回來了。 Ill call you after 4 30. 四點半以后我給你打電話。 (2)till/until表示“到為止，直到之時，直至”，在肯定句中要用延續(xù)性動詞。如: Youd better stay in bed till tomorrow. 你最好在床上呆到明天。 I shall wait until ten oclock. 我將等到10點鐘。 在否定句中，notuntil 意為“直到才”，是連詞，用來引導一個時間狀語從句，謂語動詞用短暫性動詞。如:考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁I didnt go to bed until eleven last night. 昨天晚上直到11點鐘我才睡覺。 (3)by 表示“不遲于”(not later than)，常與完成時連用。如:by then到那時，by now到目前為止 They had seen four English films by the end of last night. 到昨天晚上為止他們已經(jīng)看過四部英語電影。 (4)before指時間“在以前”，后面一般接時間點。如:I will get to Australia before Friday. 我將于周五之前到達澳大利亞。 (5)during表示“在期間”，強調“自始至終”。如: During those three months，he asked a lot of questions. 在那三個月期間，他問了許多問題。 考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁( )1. (2011廣東)Its time the weather report.Turn on the radio, please. A.to B.in C.at D.for 考點突破考點突破母題訓練母題訓練D中考預測中考預測( )2. The accident happened a cold winter early morning. A.in B.at C.on D.for C首頁首頁末頁末頁1.in，at與on (1)in表示地點，意為“在內”，用于內部。如:He put his hands in his pockets. 他把手放進口袋。 (2) on意為“在上面”，用于表面接觸，指在一個平面上。如: There was a carpet on the floor. 地板上鋪著一塊地毯。 (3)表示“在某地”時，at后接小地方，in后接大地方。如: When did you arrive at the station? 你什么時候到的車站? He was born in Wuhan. 他出生在武漢。 (4)at還有“在旁邊”之意，如:at the table 在桌子旁邊 考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁2.above與below above的意思是“在之上” “高于”，與物體表面不接觸，表示相對高度，不一定是在正上方，它的反義詞是below。如: The plane flew above the clouds. 飛機在云層上面飛行。 The Dead Sea is below sea level. 死海的海面低于海平線。 3.over與under over的意思是“在之上”， 與物體表面不接觸，表示垂直之上，其反義詞是under。如: There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座橋。 There is a boat under the bridge. 橋下有一只船。 考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁4.by，beside與near (1)by表示“在旁邊”，較near更近。如:My house is by the river. 我的家在河邊。 (2)beside表示“近旁”、“緊靠”，相當于next to。如:Come and sit beside me. 來坐在我的身旁。 (3)near意為“在附近”，可以表示空間、時間關系等。如: He sits near the window. 他坐在窗戶附近。 考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁 5.after與behind (1)after表示位置關系，意為“在的后面”。如:Your name comes after mine in the list. 名單上，你的名字列于我之后。 (2)behind表示位置，意為“在后面”。如:The boy was hiding behind a tree. 那個男孩躲在一棵樹后。 6.through, across, cross穿過 (1)through介詞，縱穿(從空間穿過)。如:The soldiers went through the forest. 那些士兵穿過樹林離開了。 (2)across介詞，橫穿(橫過某個平面)。如:He is walking across the street. 他正在橫過馬路。 (3)cross動詞，橫穿(橫過某個平面)。如:He is crossing the street. 他正在橫過馬路。 考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁 7.among, between 在之間 among在(三者或三者以上)之間；between在(兩者)之間。常用詞組: between and 如:The man who is standing among the students is Lilys father. 站在學生中間的是莉莉的父親。 I will be back between five and six. 我將在5到6點之間回來。 8.in，on，to in表示在范圍之內(屬于該范圍)；on表示與某一地區(qū)接壤；to表示隔海相望。 如:Guangdong is in the south of China. (廣東屬于中國。) Guangdong is on the south of Hunan. (廣東不屬于湖南，但與湖南是毗鄰關系) Japan is to the east of China. (日本不屬于中國，而且隔海相望。) 考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁 9.outside與inside outside意為“在的外邊”；inside意為“在的里邊，在之內”。如: A woman is waiting outside the office. 一位婦女正在辦公室門外等候。 Dont let the dog come inside the house. 不要讓狗進入房子里。 10.in front of與in the front of in front of表示“在之前”(范圍外)；in the front of表示“在的前部(范圍內)”。如: There are some trees in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一些樹。 Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom. 我們的老師經(jīng)常坐在教室的前面。 考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁考點突破考點突破( )1. (2012廣東)Why are you standing, Alice? I cant see the blackboard clearly.Two tall boys are sitting me. A.behind B.next to C.between D.in front of母題訓練母題訓練DD中考預測中考預測( )3. Is your father at home? No, he is working late the office. A.on B.at C.of D.to 首頁首頁末頁末頁( )4. Hainan lies the south of China, and the south of Guangdong, too. A.in, in B.to; in C.to; in D.in; to 考點突破考點突破中考預測中考預測AB母題訓練母題訓練( )2. (2010廣東)Connie arrived the village a snowy night. A.at,on B.at,in C.in,at D.in,on 首頁首頁末頁末頁1.by，in，on表交通方式 用by時，交通工具前不用任何限定詞；用on或in時，交通工具前用限定詞。如: Jenny goes to school by bike. 詹妮騎自行車去上學。 (by bike=on a bike) Mr.Green goes to work by car. 格林先生開車去上班。 (by car=in a car) 考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁2.by，in，with表示手段或工具 (1)with后跟具體的工具。如:I often do my homework with a pen. 我經(jīng)常用鋼筆做作業(yè)。 (2)in表示使用某種語言或使用某種材料，語言、材料前不加冠詞。如: Can you say it in English? 你能用英語說嗎? (3)by表示用某種方式或手段，在名詞前不加冠詞，若后接動詞，需將動詞變?yōu)閯用~形式。如: This pair of shoes is made by hand. 這雙鞋是手工做的。 He makes a living by teaching. 他靠教書為生。 考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁考點突破考點突破母題訓練母題訓練中考預測中考預測( )1. (2013廣東)Kelly, whos the girl glasses in the photo? Its me.I used to wear glasses and have long hair. A.by B.of C.on D.with ( )2. How do you communicate with your foreign friends? writing e-mails, of course. A.With B.By C.At D.From DB首頁首頁末頁末頁考點突破考點突破介詞介詞用法用法例句例句against表示“反對”“違背”，其反義詞為 for。若表示“強烈反對”，一般與副詞 strongly搭配。They are strongly against the idea. 他們強烈反對這個意見。beyond表示范圍、水平、限度、能力等，意思是“超出；多于；為所不能及”。His bad behavior is beyond a joke. 他的不良行為超出了開玩笑的范圍。aboutabout“關于”，多用于內容和觀點比較一般性的情況。What is your excuse about your being late yesterday? 你昨天遲到的借口是什么？ 首頁首頁末頁末頁考點突破考點突破介詞介詞用法用法例句例句like意為“像一樣”，用于說明相似關系，實際上不是。He talked to me like my father. 他像父親那樣跟我談話。（他不是我父親）as意為“作為，以的身份”，后跟表示職業(yè)、職務、身份的名詞。We chose him as captain of our team. 我們選他當我們的隊長。except表示“除之外（不包括在內）”，是從整體中除去一部分，常和否定代詞和概括性代詞連用。We are all here except Li Ming.除了李明之外，我們都在這里。首頁首頁末頁末頁考點突破考點突破介詞介詞用法用法例句例句into“往里（進、蹦、跳）去”，常和動詞連用。Many frogs jumped into the lake.許多青蛙跳進了湖里。with表示伴隨，意為“和一起”。She lives with her parents.她同父母住在一起。 without表示“沒有”，用作狀語。He left without saying a word.他什么也沒有說就離開了。 首頁首頁末頁末頁考點突破考點突破介詞介詞用法用法例句例句for(1)表示目的，意為“為了”。Lets go for a walk. 讓我們去散步吧。(2)表原因、理由。Sanya is famous for “Tianya Haijiao” 三亞因“天涯海角”而出名。 (3)表用途、對象。I think drinking milk is good for our health. 我認為喝牛奶對我們的健康有好處。(4)表示價格He sells his books for fifty yuan . 他以50元地價格賣掉了他的書。首頁首頁末頁末頁考點突破考點突破介詞介詞用法用法例句例句along表示“沿著，順著”。Weve planted more than 1000 trees along the banks of the river我們沿著河岸種了1000多棵樹。off表示“離開，脫離”。Keep off the grass. 勿踏草地。首頁首頁末頁末頁考點突破考點突破母題訓練母題訓練中考預測中考預測( )1. (2014廣東) Most people are building a paper factory near here.They are worried the river will get polluted. A.for B.with C.against D.beyond ( )2. Mr.Lin gave the textbooks to all the students the ones who had already taken them. A.except B.including C.among D.with CA首頁首頁末頁末頁考點突破考點突破1.介詞與動詞的常見搭配 listen to聽 laugh at嘲笑 get to到達 get onoff上車下車 look for尋找 wait for等待 hear from收到的來信 worry about擔心 think of想起，認為 look after照顧，照料 spend on花費 agree with同意 do with對付，處置 depend on依靠 talk about談論 turn onoff打開關掉 turn updown調大調小 regard as把當作 pay for付款 knock at敲 ask for請求，向要 首頁首頁末頁末頁2.介詞與形容詞的常見搭配 be fond of喜歡 be ready for為做好準備 be kind to對親切 be sure about確信 be busy with忙于 be late for遲到 be afraid of害怕 be good at擅長于 be full of裝滿 3.介詞與名詞的常見搭配 by bikebustrain騎自行車/乘公共汽車乘火車 withwithout ones help在有沒有某人的幫助下 on ones way to在某人去的路上 on time準時 to ones surprise使某人驚奇的是 on foot步行 at the end of在盡頭，末尾 at the foot of在的腳下 考點突破考點突破首頁首頁末頁末頁考點突破考點突破中考預測中考預測( )1. Don t ask him to study too late into the night. ,he is only a small child. A.As a result B.After all C.Best of all D.For example ( )2. What a nice day! We should go sightseeing watching TV in the hotel. A.because of B.instead of C.together with D.out ofBB課堂小測課堂小測（ ）1.（2015安順）When is Lang Langs concert?Its _ three oclock _ the afternoon of December 18th. A.at；in B.at；on C.on；in D.in；on（ ）2.（2015安徽）The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come _ four days. A.after B.for C.during D.in（ ）3.（2015武威）The charity walk begins _ 9:00. Dont be late.No problem. A.at B.by C.in D.on（ ）4.（2015襄陽）I hear two high speed railways will be built in Xiangyang _ a few years.That sounds great. Itll be more convenient and faster for us to go out. A.after B.on C.in D.atBDAC課堂小測課堂小測（ ）5.（2015重慶）A terrible earthquake happened in Nepal _ April 25th, 2015. A.on B.in C.at D.from（ ）6.（2015云南）The third China-South Asia EXPO was held in Kunming _ _ June 12th to June 16th.A.On B.in C.at D. from.（ ）7.（2015貴州畢節(jié)）When is Womens Day? Its _ March 8th.A.In B.of C.on D.at （ ）8.（2015四川涼山）Do you know Victory Day in China? Yes. Its _ September 3rd _ each year. It tells the world that Chinese people to love Peace and hate wars. Chinese people will never forget the history.A.In；on B.on；/ C.at；/ D.on；in ADCB課堂小測課堂小測（ ）9. （2015蘇州）In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains _ zero all day. A.above B. below C. over D. under（ ）10.（2015江蘇南京）In the picture, the chair is _ the table.A.under B.on C.above D. beside（ ）11.（2015山東濰坊）You must be careful when you swim _ the lake.A.across B.below C.over D.through（ ）12.（2015廣西南寧）Jim sits behind me, so I sit _ him.A.at the top of B.at the end of n C.in the middle of D.in front of BDCD課堂小測課堂小測（ ）13.（2015江蘇泰州）I like the weather in Kunming. Its warm all year long. Yes. And the temperature stays _zero all the time. A.at B. below C. around D. above （ ）14.When I got into the room, Green was talking _ the phone.A.on B.with C.to D.in（ ）15.（2015杭州）Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily _ the windows. A.below B.across C.behind D.against（ ）16.（2015克拉瑪依）Do you know about Florence Nightingale?Yes, she was well-known _ a nurse in England _ her kindness to the sick and wounded soldiers. A. as；as B. for；as C. to；for D. as；forDADD課堂小測課堂小測（ ）17.(2015江蘇連云港)It is great _ us to get so many favorite books on International Childrens Book Day. A.to B.with C.of D.for（ ）18.（2015德州）Who is your favorite singer, Mike?TF Boys. They are very _ boys and girls. A.proud of B.popular with C.strict with D.worried about（ ）19.(2015湖北孝感)Jennys uncle is a scientist. She is proud _ him.A.from B. at C. in D. of（ ）20.(2015山東青島)Robert Hunt sometimes advises the students _ common problems.A. in B. about C. with D. ForDBDB英語英語首頁首頁末頁末頁( )1. I sometimes help my mom with her housework Saturdays. A.at B.in C.on D.to ( )2.What time do you usually go to school, Jack? about half past seven. A.On B.In C.At D.For ( )3. Were leaving tomorrow.We will be away next Friday. A.from B.until C.on D.since （ ）. the exam, well say good-bye to our dear teachers, classmates as well as our beautiful school. A.In B.For C.After D.Through 中考模擬演練中考模擬演練CCBC首頁首頁末頁末頁( )5. They usually go shopping their lunch break. A.Against B.among C.between D.during ( ). How can we protect ourselves the earthquake? We should stay calm first. A.with B.about C.for D.from ( ). Teenagers should be encouraged to go and be close to nature. A.inside B.back C.outside D.off ( )8. Mr.Greens office is the 26th floor.You can take the lift there. A.at B.in C.on D.for 中考模擬演練中考模擬演練DDCC首頁首頁末頁末頁( )9. On May 10th, a horse was found running happily the busy street in Beijing. A.at B.of C.in D.from ( )10. The castle stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the river. A.to B.for C.off D.out ( )11. Cambridge is a small city the east of England. A.between B.with C.in D.under ( )12. You see, Kevin is writing his left hand. A.at B.as C.for D.with 中考模擬演練中考模擬演練CCCD首頁首頁末頁末頁( )13. The man makes a living teaching. A.without B.with C.by D.in ( )14.You can improve your English reading more. A.in B.with C.by D.of ( )15.Well play basketball Class 3 tomorrow. A.over B.against C.to D.for ( ) 16. She sold her treasures to cure her mothers illness, even though it was her own wishes. Its so kind her. A.against; of B.above; of C.on; for D.for; for 中考模擬演練中考模擬演練CCBA首頁首頁末頁末頁( )17.This problem is far me, Im afraid I cant work it out. Dont worry, we will help you. A.beyond B.beside C.behind D.between ( )18. Are you the dark?Oh,yes.I always go to sleep with the light on. A.used to B.afraid of C.interested in D.good with ( )19. Lin Lin often practices English chatting with her American friend. A.in B.by C.for D.with ( )20. All the workers went home yesterday Mr.White.Why? Because he was on duty. A.Except B.besides C.except for D.beside 中考模擬演練中考模擬演練ABBA首頁首頁末頁末頁( )21.When did the earthquake in Lushan happen? It happened 8 02 the morning of April 20,2013. A.on;in B.at;in C.at;on D.on;on ( )22. Do you often go swimming Sunday mornings? Yes.Why not with me this Sunday? A.on;go B.in;to go C.on;going D.in;going ( )23. Wow! Ten students in our class will celebrate their fourteenth birthdays October! A.in B.on C.at D.to ( )24. May 7,Bruce won the second prize in the piano competition. A.In B.At C.On D.For 中考模擬演練中考模擬演練CAAC首頁首頁末頁末頁( )25. We are planning to have a surprise party her fifteenth birthday. A.at B.in C.for D.with ( )26. Could you tell me the way to the Science Museum,please? Yes,walk along this street.Youll see it your left. A.on B.in C.for D.over ( )27. We couldnt finish our work so early your help. A.Without B.with C.for D.by ( )28. It is important us students to make a plan our studies before a new term starts. A.for;for B.of;for C.to;of D.with;on C中考模擬演練中考模擬演練AAC首頁首頁末頁末頁( )29. The policeman helped the old woman go the road. A.above B.across C.through D.over ( )30. If you keep on, youll learn to write English. A.in B.for C.at D.on ( )31. Can you tell me what your aim is in life, Li Ping?I am aiming a famous physicist. A.at B.for C.in D.to ( )32.They arrived _ Shanghai _ a cold morningA.in;in B.in;on C.at;on D.at;inB中考模擬演練中考模擬演練AAB首頁首頁末頁末頁( )33. Dont drive so fast! We must slow down when we drive the tunnel. A.past B.across C.over D.through ( )34. She had to sell the house even though it was her own wishes. A.above B.on C.against D.for ( )35. We can get fresh water from rain, from rivers, or from the ground. A.across B.under C.over D.off ( )36. Do you believe that paper is made wood? Yes, I do.And you can see that books are made paper. A.from;from B.from;of C.of;from D.of;of D中考模擬演練中考模擬演練CBB首頁首頁末頁末頁( )37. The box is too heavy to carry.Whats in it?Oh, it is books. A.filled with B.covered with C.used for D.asked for ( )38. Your bag looks the same mine.Oh,really? Its a gift my father. A.with;to B.with;from C.as;on D.as;from ( )39. All the students went for a trip yesterday John.Why?Because he was ill at home. A.except B.besides C.except for D.beside ( )40. Tomorrow is our holiday.What going hiking?That sounds great. A.of B.for C.on D.about 中考模擬演練中考模擬演練ADAD首頁首頁末頁末頁( )41. Well fly to New York on Monday morning, and then well stay in New York Wednesday afternoon. A.until B.after C.on D.in ( )42._ of her friends ,she has now become a famous writer. A.Instead of B.Thanks to C. Thanks for D.With the help ( )43. Where is Wenzhou Zoo?Ive no idea.Why not find it the map? A.at B.for C.of D.on 中考模擬演練中考模擬演練ABD首頁首頁末頁末頁( )44. People the southwest of China were in great need of water a couple of months ago. A.in B.at C.to D.on ( )45. There was an exciting moment in our class when a large bird flew the classroom. A.from B.into C.onto D.with A中考模擬演練中考模擬演練B英語英語首頁首頁末頁末頁