【中考命題研究】(貴陽)2016中考英語 基礎(chǔ)知識梳理 八下 Units 1-2

八年級(下)Units 12,中考基礎(chǔ)知識梳理類別課標(biāo)考點要求詞匯攻關(guān)1.stomach(名詞)胃痛，腹痛_2foot(復(fù)數(shù))_3own(名詞)_4break(形容詞)_5train(名詞)_6kind(名詞)_7.climb(名詞)_8strong(反義詞)_9feel(名詞)_(過去式)_10tooth(復(fù)數(shù))_(名詞)牙痛_短語歸納1.感冒_2胃痛_3躺下_4量體溫_5發(fā)燒_6休息_7下車_8使驚訝的是；出乎的意料_9立即，馬上_10陷入，參與_11習(xí)慣于_12冒險_13用盡，耗盡_14切除_15離開，從出來_16掌管，管理_17.放棄_18打掃(或清除)干凈_19(使)變得更高興，振奮起來_20分發(fā)，散發(fā)_21想出，提出_22推遲_23分發(fā)_24打電話給(某人)，征召_25照顧，非常喜歡_26參加選拔，試用_27修理，裝飾_28贈送，捐贈_29(外貌或行為)像_30建立，設(shè)立_31影響，有作用_32幫助走出困境_句型再現(xiàn)1.“你怎么啦？”“我背痛?！盻？I_2我該怎么辦？_I_？3“我應(yīng)該放些藥在上面嗎？”“應(yīng)該。/不應(yīng)該?！盻put some medicine on it?Yes，_/No，_4昨天上午9：00，26路公交車正行駛在中華路上，這時司機看到一位老人躺在路邊。At 9：00 am. yesterday，bus No. 26_Zhonghua Road when the driver_an old man_on the side of the road.5有人頭部受到撞擊。Someone_on the head.6.作為一名登山者，阿倫習(xí)慣于冒險。As a mountain climber，Aron _ risks.7他們給我講過去的生活經(jīng)歷，講過去是什么樣子的。They told me stories about the past and how things _8她在四歲時就能獨自看書了。She could read _9有了你的幫助，我才有可能擁有“Lucky”。You helped to_ for me to have Lucky.10我喜愛動物，我對擁有一條狗這個想法感到興奮。I love animals and I was _the idea _.語法結(jié)構(gòu)1.情態(tài)動詞should的用法。2常用的動詞詞組的用法。話題1.Health and first aid(健康與急救)2Volunteering and charity(志愿服務(wù)與慈善),貴陽五年中考真題演練詞匯類()1.(2013貴陽39題)Many teenagers have hobbies，sometimes these hobbies can _ the way of school work.Aget in Bget up Cget on()2.(2015貴陽41題)When Bob is upset or tired，he prefers comedies that can _.Alook upBclean them upCcheer him up()3.(2012貴陽42題)Jining has sixteen broken bikes to _ and give away to kids who don't have bikes.Afix upBset upCput up反身代詞4(2013貴陽92題)Fast food _ isn't always bad for you but too much of it is not good.(it)()5.(2014貴陽41題)The little kid is just two years old.He's too young to take care of _.Ahis Bhim Chimself()6.(2015貴陽32題)Bob hurt _ in the basketball match at school yesterday afternoon.Amyself Bhimself Cherself非謂語動詞7(2012貴陽90題)Teenagers shouldn't be allowed _ their ears pierced.This is the school rule.(get，to get)()8.(2012貴陽44題)It took Janet three hours _ reading this interesting story.Ato finish Bfinished Cfinishing9(2015貴陽87題)My teachers always encourage us _(study) hard on different subjects.10(2013貴陽95題)My mother asks me _ milk every morning because it is good for me.(drink)情態(tài)動詞()11.(2014貴陽中考)In order to make our city more beautiful, more trees and flowers _ every year.Awill plantBshould plantCshould be planted()12.(2012貴陽中考)“Whose notebook is this？”“It _ Jim's.It has his name on it.”Acan't be Bmust beCcan be,貴陽中考重難點突破give up放棄【考點搶測】1整天玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕慕】涤泻?。你?yīng)該放棄它。Playing computer games all day is bad for your health.You should _ _ _2你應(yīng)該戒煙。You should _ _ _()3.(2014襄陽中考)He failed to break the world record for long jump many times，but he never_his hope.Atook off Bput awayCgave up【滿分點撥】give up的用法(1)give up是動副短語，后接代詞作賓語時，必須放在兩詞中間。(2)give up后接動詞時需用動詞的­ing形式，相當(dāng)于stop doing sth.?！練w納拓展】give的相關(guān)短語cheer up(使)變得更高興；振奮起來【考點搶測】4振作起來吧！你的困難不久就會過去的。_ _！Your trouble will soon be over.5橙色能帶給我們成功，使我們振作。Orange can bring us success and _ us _()6.(2014安徽中考)We failed in the singing competition._Better times are waiting for you.ANo wayBBest wishesCCheer up【滿分點撥】cheer up的用法(1)cheer up也可以單獨使用，表示“變得高興，振奮起來”。(2)cheer sb. up意為“使某人高興起來”，相當(dāng)于make sb. happy。如果賓語是名詞或詞組，可放在cheer up的中間或后面，若是代詞作賓語，則只能放在cheer up的中間。【歸納拓展】本單元中up短語trouble n問題；苦惱【考點搶測】7不要嘲笑處于困境中的人。Don't laugh at the people _ _8We have some trouble _(work) out the problem.()9.(2014福州中考)Jack，I have _ working out the math problem.Don't worry.Let me help you.AfunBtroubleCexperience【滿分點撥】trouble的用法【歸納拓展】trouble作動詞，意為“打擾；使煩惱”，常用搭配為：trouble sb. to do sth.麻煩某人做某事be sorry to trouble sb.很抱歉打擾某人【一言辨異】Don't trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.麻煩沒找你，你別找麻煩。raise v募集；征集【考點搶測】raise，rise10The river _ after the heavy rain.11The water _ another meter and people became worried.12He _ his voice so that everybody could hear him.13If you _ any pets，please _ your hands.14Everybody _ when he entered the room.15(2014來賓中考)Many stars _(籌集)money for homeless children nowadays.They are so kind.【滿分點撥】辨析raise和rise兩個詞都有“舉起、提高、升起”之意，但其用法不盡相同。rise不及物動詞上升，上漲，提高不規(guī)則動詞，過去式rose，過去分詞為risenraise及物動詞使升高；提高；飼養(yǎng)規(guī)則動詞，過去式和過去分詞均為raised【圖解助記】辨析repair，mend與fix【考點搶測】repair，mend，fix16I am going to have my bike _ tomorrow.17She is _ her shoes.18The workers are _ the machine.()19.My brother can _ this broken chair.Arepair Bmend Cfix【滿分點撥】詞匯不同例句repairrepair常指損失重大或構(gòu)造較復(fù)雜的事物，如房屋、汽車、橋梁的修理。也可指修鞋Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it.瑪麗修理收音機只是為了消遣。I am going to have my bike repaired tomorrow.我打算明天找人把自行車修理一下。mendmend著重指修補小至日常用具，大到較復(fù)雜的物體。很多時候可與repair互換Can you mend a broken dish？你能修理破碟子嗎？She is mending her shoes.她正在修理她的鞋子。fixfix則側(cè)重于“安裝”，有時也用作“修理”The workers are fixing the machine.工人們在安裝機器。Have you had your watch fixed？你已找人修你的表了嗎？difficulty n困難，難題【考點搶測】20I have _(difficult) reading at times.21當(dāng)你做決定有困難時，可以打電話給我。You can call me if you have _ _ decision.()22.(2014咸寧中考)Do you have any difficulty in _ English?Yes，but I try to make myself _Ato speak；understoodBspeaking；understandCto speak；to understand【滿分點撥】difficult，difficultly與difficulty的用法辨析difficult形容詞“困難的”，作定語、表語或賓語補足語difficultly副詞“困難地”，作狀語difficulty名詞have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困難What's the matter？怎么了？I have a stomachache.我胃痛?！究键c搶測】()23.(2014云南中考)You look really tired._？I didn't sleep well last night.I had a headache.AHow about youBWhat should I doCWhat's the matter【滿分點撥】(1)What's the matter？意為“怎么了？”常用來詢問身體有什么不適或有什么不順心的事，也可以用來詢問某物出了什么故障，后面可接with sb./sth.，表示“某人或某物怎么了？”。(2)由­ache構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞(3)“havea名詞”型短語【歸納拓展】Should I take my temperature？我應(yīng)該量一下體溫嗎？【考點搶測】()24.(2015東營中考)After you read the article“Why fast food is slowly killing you”，you _ stop eating fast food.Amay Bhave to Cshould【滿分點撥】(1)should作情態(tài)動詞，有實際的詞義，但它不可單獨作謂語，須與動詞原形連用，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。如：You should work harder.你應(yīng)該更努力地工作。(2)常用句型：You should/shouldn't do sth.“你(不)應(yīng)該做某事”。【溫馨提示】should表示預(yù)測和可能性，意為“應(yīng)該；可能”。如：We should arrive by supper time.我們在晚飯時間應(yīng)該能到了。She should be here at any moment.她隨時都可能來。,高頻話題寫作指導(dǎo)健康與急救寫作導(dǎo)圖從全國近五年“健康與急救”相關(guān)話題書面表達的命題來看，此類作文命題通常有以下兩個角度的內(nèi)容：1保持健康已經(jīng)成為人們關(guān)注的熱點話題之一，健康包括哪些方面、中學(xué)生面臨的健康問題、保持健康的重要性。2如何保持健康成為命題點。結(jié)合貴陽考情，可以預(yù)測第二種考查角度幾率更大。how tokeep healthydietdon't eat too much rich food，like meateat fruit and vegetablesdrink milkno junk foodexerciserunplay basketballdo yogasleepgo to bed early and get up earlydon't stay up亮點句型速成常用句型：A nurse gave me an injection.It was a little painful.推薦句型：A nurse gave me an injection which was a little painful.常用句型：You mustn't smoke.It's bad for your health.推薦句型：You mustn't smoke because it's bad for your health.(一)開頭句：1It is very important to keep healthy.(二)中間句：2We can't go to sleep too late.We can't get up too late.3We should eat the food healthily.4We should do more exercise.5I didn't feel like eating anything.6I decided to see the doctor.7In the doctor's office，the doctor looks me over carefully.8He told me to take a rest and drink more water.9The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day.10A few days later，I felt better.From then on I believe that keeping healthy is the most important thing in the world.(三)結(jié)尾句：11A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health.12Please drink enough water every day.13We should do more exercise to stay healthy.14Don't get stressed out.It's not healthy.15You should go to bed early and get up early.16It's easy to have a healthy lifestyle，and it's important to eat a balanced diet.寫作模板Nowadays，more and more people know the importance of keeping healthy.For me，there are 幾種方法 to keep healthy.Firstly，it is necessary to 觀點一Secondly，we shouldn't 觀點二Thirdly，it is important to觀點三If people follow these three ways of keeping fit，they will find健康會有怎樣的改善。典例剖析根據(jù)以下提示，請以“How to keep healthy”為題寫一篇短文，從良好的生活習(xí)慣，適當(dāng)?shù)捏w育鍛煉以及健康的飲食習(xí)慣等方面，為那些生活習(xí)慣欠佳、缺乏鍛煉的朋友提出良好的建議。(要求意思連貫、表達準(zhǔn)確，詞數(shù)80詞左右)參考詞匯：熬夜(stay up)；垃圾食品(junk food)；挑剔(be particular about)；定時定量(have meals regularly)【審題指導(dǎo)】細讀所給的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：1就“保持健康”提出建議，全文用說明文；2所寫建議盡量全面，涉及內(nèi)容盡量多角度，深層次；3要求意思連貫、表達準(zhǔn)確，詞數(shù)為80詞左右?！痉段狞c評】How To Keep HealthyNowadays，more_and_more_people_know_the_importance_of_keeping_healthy.For_me，there_are_three_main_ways_to_keep_healthy.Firstly，it_is_necessary_to_keep_a_balanced_diet.We_aren't_supposed_to_eat_too_much_junk_food.It_is_better_for_us_to have more fruit and vegetables every day.What's_more，we are supposed to 開篇用了more and more people，there are three main ways to keep healthy，既體現(xiàn)問題的嚴(yán)重性，又交代了文章的主題。運用句型it is形容詞to do sth.增加了文章的亮點。用aren't supposed to寫出人們的不良習(xí)慣，又運用it is better for us to，what's have meals regularly.Secondly，we shouldn't stay up too late.Getting_enough_sleep_is_also_necessary.Thirdly，it_is_important_to take regular exercises，such as swimming，jogging and so on.If people follow these three ways of keeping fit，they'll greatly improve their health.I_hope_everyone_can_keep_in_good_health.more彰顯小作者語言詞匯的豐富，增加文章的給分點。Getting enough sleep是動名詞作主語，it is important to是it做形式主語，動詞不定式做真正的主語，再次讓文章升華。作者最后希望大家采取他的建議，希望每個人能夠保持健康。,熱點素材拓展中國人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭勝利70周年大閱兵When we interviewed what the life was like more than 70 years ago，many old soldiers were full of tears in their eyes.They told us that they never forgot those days when they were in the army，during which they lived hard lives but spared no effort to fight against the enemies.Now in the year of 2015 comes the first great parade(閱兵) in the 21st century.September 3rd is the 70th anniversary(紀(jì)念) of the victory of the anti­Fascist war.This day is considered as an important moment for China，as well as the world.49 countries from all over the world，including South Korea and some European countries attended this special occasion.In preparation for the parade，the soldiers worked hard every day.In order to walk well in the three hundred meters distance on the Tian'anmen Square，they had to receive extremely strict training.Each day，they got up early in the morning and started the 10 hours' practice.When a reporter arrived，it was raining heavily outside，but none of the soldiers stopped training.Nothing can stop their training，and no one can stop their deep love to their motherland.The reporter asked，“The training is so hard but why does nobody give up？”“It's the first time for me to join in such an important ceremony.I consider it a great honor.I must try my best.”one of the participants(參與者) answered.In fact，everyone takes pride in taking part in this big parade because they want to show the spirit of Chinese army，the power of Chinese army，as well as the determination of keeping the world in peace.From the soldiers，we learned the power of dreams.If one has a dream，he will get over any difficulties that get in the way to make the dream come true.()1.What did the old soldiers do more than 70 years ago?AThey took part in a war.BThey experienced something special.CThey worked hard for the parade.()2.How many countries took part in the parade?A20. B49. C40.()3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?AA hard training. BA good reporter.CThe hot weather.()4.According to the passage，the great parade took place in _ASouth KoreaBAmericaCChina()5.Which of the following is true?AThe training for the parade is usually on rainy days.BIt is easy for the soldiers to perform well in the parade.CThe soldiers are tired but none of them will give up.11