2017-2018學年高考英語 大題精做10 語法填空（含解析）新人教版

語法填空考試大綱要求考綱解讀在一篇約200詞左右的短文中留出10個空白，部分空白后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文在空白處填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~或所給單詞的正確形式。考查考生對語法、詞匯和語用知識的掌握情況。語法填空則更側(cè)重考查考生語法和詞匯在語境中的運用，強調(diào)詞匯的變形。同時強調(diào)語篇分析能力，凸顯交際性和語境化特征?！究键c統(tǒng)計】20152016年高考新課標全國卷語法填空考點統(tǒng)計年份 有提示詞類試題無提示詞類試題特殊句式及固定搭配謂語動詞非謂語動詞派生詞比較等級其他冠詞名詞介詞代詞情態(tài)動詞形容副詞并列連詞狀語從句名詞從句定語從句特殊句式固定搭配2017年全國卷I22211010000001002017年全國卷II 213001010000000002016年全國卷I120001211010001002016年全國卷II2121132015年全國卷I221020010010001002015年全國卷II13302101000001011【語法填空解題策略】語法填空題設空設空大致有如下特點：無提示詞一般考查：冠詞、介詞、連詞、代詞、助動詞、固定搭配等有提示詞一般考查：謂語動詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞等。具體策略：(一)給出動詞基本形態(tài)，填寫詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化(轉(zhuǎn)為名詞、形容詞)，或填寫謂語部分，或是填寫非謂語動詞；(二)給出詞語，詞性的變化，如名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化，名詞的復數(shù)形式，給出形容詞，需要填寫比較級、最高級，或詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞，或是填寫反義詞(前綴)；(三)給出副詞，填寫比較級、最高級，或是填寫反義詞；(四)不給詞語填寫限定詞的時候，很可能是填冠詞、人稱代詞主格賓格形式，物主代詞、反身代詞的單復數(shù)形式。形容詞性物主代詞或some、any、other、another等限定詞；有的名詞前有限定詞，比如：序數(shù)詞，形容詞的最高級等，其前用定冠詞。Cloze 1（2017·新課標I卷）體裁文章話題詞數(shù)建議時間難度自測正確率說明文人們對于食物中的脂肪和鹽分的態(tài)度22110分鐘There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（醫(yī)學界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food _67_ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃點心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了對于食物中的脂肪和鹽分，人們的態(tài)度不一。脂肪和鹽分對于健康來說是必不可少的，但如果人們攝入過多的脂肪和鹽分，自身的健康將會受到損害。61. as 63. to process 【解析】考查不定式。句意：他們被要求加工食物。require表示“要求”，require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被動形式為“sb. be required to do sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填to process。64. are removed 【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：當脂肪和鹽分從食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之間是被動關(guān)系，脂肪和鹽分是兩種東西，且是被人們?nèi)サ簦杂帽粍诱Z態(tài)。故填are removed。65. a 【解析】考查冠詞。固定短語as a result表示“結(jié)果”。句意：結(jié)果，人們將吃更多的食物去彌補損失的東西。故填a。66. worse 【解析】考查比較級。句意：更糟糕的是，人們所吃快餐的數(shù)量增加了。故填worse。67. is 70. which 【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：很可能攝入過多的脂肪和鹽，那對健康沒有好處。分析可知which is not good for the health為非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面的整句話。Cloze 2（2017·新課標II卷）體裁文章話題詞數(shù)建議時間難度自測正確率說明文地鐵的最初發(fā)展史19210分鐘 In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, _63_(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over_64_ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines _65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been_66_(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_67_ every day.Later, engineers _68_(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the _69_ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most _70_(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了地鐵的最初發(fā)展史。61.crowds【解析】考查名詞，此處表示復數(shù)概念，crowd前沒有冠詞，且它是可數(shù)名詞，故填crowds。62.from 【解析】考查介詞，to and from來回，故填from。63.laying【解析】考查非謂語動詞，這里是由and連接的三個動詞-ing形式，故填laying。64.the【解析】考查冠詞，top是名詞，前要用冠詞，故填the.65.were used【解析】考查被動語態(tài)，此處表示過去的被動，故填were used。66.fairly Cloze 3（2017·新課標III卷）體裁文章話題詞數(shù)建議時間難度自測正確率說明文學業(yè)和誘人的職業(yè)面前的選擇21510分鐘She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as 62 model in New York. Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture. Sarah says, My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.【文章大意】本文主要介紹了Sarah Thomas在學業(yè)和誘人的職業(yè)面前所做出的選擇，她認為在青少年時期要把學業(yè)放在首位。61. resting 65. to prove 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。want to do sth.想要做某事。66. education 【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞性物主代詞后面應該接名詞形式。67. invitations Cloze 4（2017·浙江卷）體裁文章話題詞數(shù)建議時間難度自測正確率記敘文戒指失而復歸20610分鐘Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. She thought I had hurt 59 (I),says Pahlsson. Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters then ten, eight, and sixhad picked it up, but the girls said they hadnt. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. I gave up hope of finding my ring again, she says. She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生長) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder. 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Lena Pahlsson在花園里拔胡蘿卜時，找到了丟失已久的結(jié)婚戒指的故事。56. carrots 【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)a handful of 可知要用carrot的復數(shù)形式，故填carrots。57. shiny/shining 【解析】考查形容詞。a為冠詞，object為名詞，橫線處應填寫形容詞。故填shiny或shining。58. so 【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)空后的loudly that her daughter came running from the house可知這里為sothat結(jié)構(gòu)，意為如此以至于，故填so。59. myself Cloze 5（2016·新課標I卷）體裁文章話題詞數(shù)建議時間難度自測正確率記敘文四川成都大熊貓基地的所見所聞19710分鐘Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract). So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62 （allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 ( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum-she never suspects.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者作為特邀人員在四川成都的大熊貓基地的所見所聞。61. attraction 65.when 【解析】考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導定語從句，且在從句中作時間狀語，故填關(guān)系副詞when。66. permitted 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，permit與其邏輯主語之間是被動關(guān)系，故填過去分詞permitted作后置定語，相當于that/who was permitted。67. introducing 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。動詞include后需跟動名詞作賓語，所以此空填introducing。68. its 【解析】考查代詞。由語境及后面的名詞mother可知，此空應該填it的形容詞性物主代詞its。69. days 【解析】考查名詞。由few修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)可知，此空填days。 every few days是每隔幾天的意思。70.the 【解析】考查冠詞。這里考查的是one.the other.這一固定搭配，意為一個另一個Cloze 6（2016·新課標II卷）體裁文章話題詞數(shù)建議時間難度自測正確率說明文合理釋放壓力19010分鐘If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識別)those of 61 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 70 (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.【語篇解讀】本文屬于說明，告訴我們當工作壓力太大的時候，應該怎么做來合理釋放壓力。61. greater 64.on 【解析】考查介詞。我們中的大多數(shù)人在早上的時候會比我們在一天中的晚些時候更加集中于我們的工作。固定短語be focused on 意為集中于。故填on。65.as 【解析】考查連詞。因此，早點兒開始并且在午飯前要盡可能高效。固定結(jié)構(gòu)asas possible意為盡可能。66.studies Cloze 1(山東省濟南外國語學校2017屆高三質(zhì)量檢測)體裁文章話題詞數(shù)建議時間難度自測正確率記敘文城市戈馬，年輕人辦成音樂節(jié)20110分鐘Music festivals are popular across Africa. But this seems something few would have imagined possible in Goma. For years, the city 1 (link) to wars. The young people were tired of years of 2 (violent), and a youth group set out to organize a music festival 3 peace in the Democratic Republic of Congo. They decided to hold the event in the 4 (east) city of Goma.Their first attempt in 2013 was cancelled 5 Goma came under attack. But last year,25,000 people came to the city to hear their favorite artists play. And this year, some of Africas top musicians decided to attend.The crowd cheered 6 Habib Koite arrived for his performance. The smoke machines fired up. Some people stood one behind another, 7 (form) a line. Thousands of other people ate, drank and danced in the dust.Vianney Bisimwa was one of the 8 (organizer) of the festival. He says he and other young people wanted to change the image of Goma.Although the country is known for wars, it is also famous for 9 (it) music. Many local artists sing openly about the conflict. Vianney Bisimwa says this gives people 10 chance to express their feelings.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了剛果民主共和國一個長期戰(zhàn)亂的城市戈馬，年輕人為了和平幾經(jīng)努力終于辦成音樂節(jié)的事。1.has been linked 【解析】考查動詞。句意：這個城市已經(jīng)和戰(zhàn)爭聯(lián)系在一起數(shù)年了。2.violence 【解析】考查名詞。介詞of后面應用名詞形式。3.for 【解析】考查介詞。for表示為。句意：一個年輕人團體為了和平在剛果民主共和國組織了一次音樂節(jié)。4.eastern 8.organizers 【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：Vianney Bisimwa是音樂節(jié)的其中一個組織者。表示人用organizer，One of 后加名詞復數(shù)形式，故填organizers。9.its 【解析】考查代詞。修飾名詞用形容詞性物主代詞。10.a 【解析】考查冠詞。句意：這給了人們一次表達感情的機會。chance是可數(shù)名詞，這里表示一次機會，故前面要加a。Cloze 2(廣東省佛山市高明區(qū)第一中學2017屆高三第二次大考)體裁文章話題詞數(shù)建議時間難度自測正確率記敘文父親與期待20618分鐘No one loves me more than my parents, especially my father. My father is stout and strong, 1 a severe look on his face and keen expressive eyes. At first sight you may feel him hard 2 ( approach ). In fact he is very kind and considerate. I believe my father is a 3 ( talent ) man. He is decisive and efficient in doing things. By his own talents and years of efforts, he 4 ( provide ) his family with a good social position and a 5 ( relative ) rich life. Besides, he lives in harmony with others and never quarrels with anyone, so people from all walks of life come to my home, from 6 Ive gained lots of social experiences. But at home he is a strict parent who is hard on me and has high 7 ( expectation ) of me. I can see that my idling away time 8 ( hurt ) him deeply, while if I have done something great and meaningful, such as 19_ ( write ) a book, he will be more excited than me. I always remind 10 ( me ) I must go on and on, and never shall I give up halfway.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。講述父親是一個結(jié)實健壯的人，友好善良，用自己的天賦和努力為家人創(chuàng)造了好的生活，但是父親對我嚴格，期待很高。我將不會辜負父親的厚望，一定努力，決不不半路放棄。1.with 【解析】考查動詞。句意：用自己的天賦和多年的努力，父親為全家提供了好的社會地位和相對富裕的生活。根據(jù)語境可知，提供這一動作指過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在完成時。主語是第三人稱單數(shù)。故填has provided。5.relatively 【解析】考查副詞。relatively相對地修飾rich作狀語，作狀語用副詞。故填relatively。6.whom 【解析】考查定語從句。from _6_ Ive gained lots of social experiences作定語修飾all walks of life，作介詞賓語，指人，用關(guān)系代詞whom。故填whom。7.expectations 作賓語用翻身代詞。故填myself。Cloze 3(2017屆四川省雙流中學高三下學期模擬考試)體裁文章話題詞數(shù)建議時間難度自測正確率 記敘文 李健忠學習制作糖畫 18710分鐘As less people choose to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a 1 (distance) memory in some ways. However, a 38-year-old craftsman, Li Jiangzhong, is committed to 2 (keep) the art of sugar painting alive.Li worked as a miner for more than ten years. After 3 mine closed down, Li turned4 housing decoration, until he 5(force) to give that up due to a finger injury. Earlier this year, he discovered sugar painting, something he really had an interest in.Since there was no sugar painting craftsman in his village, he studied by 6 (he) through large quantities of videos and information on the Internet. Li loved painting when he was young, and he found it easy to learn the skill in sugar painting. He soon mastered the skill and could make a 7(vary) of sugar paintings. A sugar painting is made with 8(melt) brown or white sugar. Craftsman 9(normal) paint animals and flowers on a stone board with the syrup(糖漿). When the sugar cools down, 10 appears is a piece of sugar art.【文章大意】本文是記敘文，講述38歲的李健忠回到老家繼承中國傳統(tǒng)文化，學習制作糖畫的故事，文章還說明了糖畫的制作。1.distant【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。空格處修飾名詞memory，形容詞修飾名詞作定語，故填distant。2.keeping【解析】考査非謂語動詞。句意：一位38歲的手藝人李健忠致力于繼承糖畫藝術(shù)。be committed to“致力于”是固定搭配，to是介詞，接動名詞作賓語。故填keeping。3.the【解析】考査冠詞。上文提到他做過十多年礦工，故此處表示他所在的礦井關(guān)閉以后，為特指，故填the。4.to【解析】考查介詞。句意：他轉(zhuǎn)而去做房屋裝修的工作了。 turn to“轉(zhuǎn)而做，轉(zhuǎn)向”是固定詞組。故填 to。5.was forced語，故填variety。8.melted【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：糖畫通常用褐色或白色的融化了的糖做。melt作定語，與sugar是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞作定語表示被動關(guān)系，故填melted。9.normally【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：手藝人們通常用糖漿在石板上畫動物和花。修飾謂語動詞用副詞作狀語，故填normally。10.what【解析】考查主語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導主語從句，且在從句中作主語，表示“所的東西”，what引導主語從句，作主語、賓語或者表語。故填what。Cloze 4(2017屆山西省太原市高三第三次模擬)體裁文章話題詞數(shù)建議時間難度自測正確率 說明文 著裝的注意事項 19410分鐘With the development of modern society and high technology, children wear more and more beautiful and fashionable clothes. More children 1(allow) to choose their favorite clothes, which is 2relatively new trend. Many years ago, children had to suffer the whims(突發(fā)奇想)of adults as far as clothes were concerned. Like 3(adult) clothes, childrens clothes followed fashions as well. About 120 years 4, boys in Europe and America wore white ankle-length dresses, just like their sisters, until they 5(reach) the age of five. Older boys from wealthy 6(family) were then dressed in pretty velvet(絲絨) suits 7lace collars. Their hair was grown to shoulder length 8longer. For many unlucky boys, these carefully planned and organized costumes were nor reserved for special occasions; they had to wear the same 9(restrict)and uncomfortable outfits for everyday play. Clean and proper clothes say that the person has both self-respect and respect for other people. Clothing can tell quite a lot about the person, sometimes more than we would like to reveal. So we should pay more attention to 10(wear) proper clothes in different occasions.【文章大意】文章講述了在西方，孩子們服裝的發(fā)展，同時說明了著裝的注意事項。1.are allowed5.reached【解析】考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語“About 120 years ago”可知，謂語用一般過去時態(tài)。故填reached。6.families【解析】考查名詞。此處指“來自富有家庭的大一點的男孩子”，根據(jù)事實邏輯，應該用復數(shù)。故填families。7.withCloze 5(2017屆山西省孝義市高三下學期高考考前質(zhì)量檢測三（5月模擬）)體裁文章話題詞數(shù)建議時間難度自測正確率 議論文 快樂的意義208 10分鐘Someone asks me what on earth happiness means? I cant give you the exact definition of it, but Im sure if you love and help others, youll get it.Ill never forget an old lady 1lives in a small house alone. Its said that her husband and her son 2(die) in a traffic accident. How bitter her life is! But the old lady often helps others 3a smile. Whenever it snows, she is always the first 4(clean )the paths. She looks after several children living nearby. I am one of them. I often remember the stories she told us and her kind smile. Perhaps she is unlucky, 5I think she is a happy person.Her life is full of laughter and love.But Im sad to see some people getting their happiness in bad ways. They speak loudly in cinemas and meeting rooms; they destroy trees to enjoy 6(they) and they laugh at others 7(shortcoming). Perhaps they feel happy at that time, but they will never get happiness 8(true) because they have lost their personalities. Now I know 9happiness is. It means kindness, love and unselfishness. Above all, only 10(bring) happiness to others can make you get it.【文章大意】本文為議論文。講述的是快樂的意義就是如果你樂于助人，你就會得到真正的快樂。1.who/that【解析】考查定語從句。定語從句缺少主語，應用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導定語從句修飾先行詞an old lady。2.died【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：據(jù)說，她的丈夫和兒子在一起交通事故中死亡。根據(jù)句意可知die與主語之間為主動關(guān)系，且為一般過去時，故用died。3.with【解析】考查介詞。句意：但是這位老太太經(jīng)常面帶微笑幫助別人。介詞with表示“帶著”。4.to clean9.what【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：現(xiàn)在我知道快樂意味著什么了。根據(jù)句意可知此處應該用what引導賓語從句。10.bringing【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：最重要的是，僅僅帶給別人快樂就會使你得到快樂。根據(jù)句意可知應用bringing在句中作主語。Cloze 6(2017屆安徽省淮北市第一中學高三最后一卷)體裁文章話題詞數(shù)建議時間難度自測正確率議論文在人生中要學會與人分享 214 10分鐘A poor farmer had a friend who was famous 1the wonder apples he grew. One day, his mend gave the farmer a young apple tree and told him to take it home and plant it. The farmer was 2(please) with the gift, but when he got home he did not how where 3(plant) it. He was afraid that if he planted the tree near me road, strangers would steal the fruit. If he planted the tree in his field, his 4(neighbor) would come at night and steal some of the apples. Finally he planted the tree in his wood, 5no one could see it. 6there was no sunlight or good soil, the tree soon died. Later me mend asked the farmer why he had planted the tree in such a poor place. "What's the 7(differ)?"the farmer said 8(anger)."If I had planted the tree near the road, strangers would have stolen the fruit. If I had planted the tree in my field, my neighbors would have come at night and stolen some of the apples." "Yes," said the friend, "but at least someone could have