備戰(zhàn)2018年高考英語 考點一遍過專題12 完成進行時（含解析）

考點12 完成進行時高考頻度： 考向一 現(xiàn)在完成進行時1. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時的定義現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示某動作從過去某個時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。We have been waiting for him for two hours.2. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時的結(jié)構(gòu)have/has been + doing3. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時所用的時間狀語this month/week/year，these days，recently/lately，in the past few+時間段，since +時間點，for+時間段。They have been building the bridge for two months.They have been planting trees this month. 這個月他們在植樹。4. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時的用法（1）表示動作的延續(xù)The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中國有2，000年的造紙歷史。（動作還將繼續(xù)下去）I have been learning English since three years ago. 自從三年前以來我一直在學英語。（表示在說話時刻之前剛剛結(jié)束的動作）We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我們已經(jīng)等你半個鐘頭了。（動作不再繼續(xù)下去） 有些現(xiàn)在完成進行時的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子。They have been living in this city for ten years.They have lived in this city for ten years. 他們在這個城市已經(jīng)住了10年了。I have been working here for five years.I have worked here for five years. 我在這里已經(jīng)工作兩年了。大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進行時的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子。I have been writing a book. 我一直在寫一本書。（動作還將繼續(xù)下去）I have written a book. 我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。（動作已經(jīng)完成）They have been building a bridge. 他們一直在造一座橋。They have built a bridge. 他們造了一座橋。表示狀態(tài)的動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時。I have known him for years. 我認識他已經(jīng)好幾年了。I have been knowing.（×） 這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時的動詞還有：love愛，like喜歡，hate討厭等。常見考法：1. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時的基本用法；2. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別；3. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時和其他時態(tài)的搭配。誤區(qū)提醒：1. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構(gòu)成記憶不清；2. 不能準確區(qū)分現(xiàn)在完成進行和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別；3. 時態(tài)搭配上出現(xiàn)錯誤?！疽呻y辨析】現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的辨析：（1）現(xiàn)在完成進行時可以表示動作的重復，而現(xiàn)在完成時一般不表示重復性Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常和他見面嗎？Have you met him recently?你最近見到過他嗎？（2）現(xiàn)在完成進行時有時含有感情色彩，而現(xiàn)在完成時一般是平鋪直敘I have been waiting for you for two hours.我一直等了你兩個小時。（可能表示不滿） I have waited for you for two hours.我等了你兩個小時。（說明一個事實）（3）現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作，而現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)結(jié)果Who has been eating the oranges?誰一直在吃這些桔子呀？（還剩余一些）Who has eaten the oranges?誰把桔子吃光了？（強調(diào)吃得一個不剩）1.（2016·北京卷單項填空）Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars. We _ here for more than two hours.A. waitedB. waitC. would be waitingD. have been waiting【答案】D 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：打擾了，你們在等哪一部電影？星球大戰(zhàn)，我們已經(jīng)在這兒等了兩個多小時了。for+時間段與完成時連用，根據(jù)語境可知，說話的時候仍然在等，因此用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，故選D?！久麕燑c睛】英語中的時態(tài)主要由動詞的形式?jīng)Q定，因此在學習英語時態(tài)時，要注意分析動詞形式及具體語境，想象在那個特定的時間動作所發(fā)生的背景，這個動作是經(jīng)常性動作、一般性動作、進行性動作、完成性動作還是將要發(fā)生的動作?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時表示從過去到現(xiàn)在一直進行可能還要繼續(xù)進行的動作。2.（2016·江蘇卷單項填空）Dashan, who _ crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.A.will be learningB. is learningC. had been learningD. has been learning【答案】D 考向二 過去完成進行時1. 構(gòu)成：過去完成進行時是由had been +現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考試之前一直患重感冒。Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個消息有一段時間了吧？2. 用法：（1）表示過去某一時間之前一直進行的動作。過去完成進行時表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間。和過去完成時一樣，過去完成進行時也必須以一過去時間為前提。過去完成進行時也是一個相對的時態(tài), 上下文中須有明示或暗示的作為參照的過去的時間。I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 這東西我找了好多天才找著。They had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他們只等了幾分鐘車就來了。（2）表示反復的動作。He had been mentioning your name to me. 他過去多次向我提到過你的名字。（3）過去完成進行時還常用于間接引語中。The doctor asked what he had been eating. 醫(yī)生問他吃了什么。I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我問他們那些天待在哪兒。（4）過去完成進行時之后也可接具有突然之意的when從句。I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我剛看了幾分鐘他就進來了。Shed only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her. 她溫習功課才一會兒，她妹妹就打斷她了。1. He _ research in the US for many years, but when he came back, he became a businessman.A.had been doingB.has been doingC.didD.has done【答案】A 2. The crazy fans _ patiently in the rain for almost three hours, and they would wait until the famous star arrived.A. were waitingB. have waitedC. had been waitingD. would wait【答案】C 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。因為would wait是過去將來時，可見此事發(fā)生在過去，再結(jié)合for two hours可知，wait這個動作是從過去某一時刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個過去時刻，并且還在等，一直要等到那位影星到來，所以用過去完成進行時：had been doing，因此選C項?？枷蚨?將來完成進行時1.將來完成進行時的用法將來完成進行時表示某一動作從某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到將來某一時間（即說話者人提及的時間），是否繼續(xù)下去，要視上下文而定。如：By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years. 到下星期此刻，我已經(jīng)為該公司干了24年了。If we dont hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱們?nèi)舨豢煲稽c兒，等我們到了那兒，店門就會關(guān)了。2.將來完成進行時的構(gòu)成將來完成進行時由“will / shall have been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。By the end of this year hell have been acting for thirty years. 到今年年底他當演員就滿30年了。I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year. 到今年年底，我在這個工廠工作就有20年了。 3.將來完成進行時連用的時間狀語與將來完成進行時連用最多的時間狀語時是“by+將來時間”，見上面的例子。當然除“by+將來時間”外，連用其他的時間狀語也是可能的。如：He will have been working all day. 他整天將都在工作。She will have been having treatment all her life. 她將終生受到治療。Ill have been teaching for thirty years this winter. 到今年冬天我就已任教三十年了。4.將來完成進行時的情態(tài)意義“will / shall have been+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)除表示將來完成進行時外，有時其中的 will 也可能是情態(tài)動詞，具有情態(tài)意義，比較表示推測或猜想等。如：They will have been having a holiday yesterday. 他們昨天大概是在度假。Youll have been wondering all this time how my invention works. 我想你這些時候一直想知道我的發(fā)明怎樣會行得通的。5.將來完成進行時用于狀語從句的變體正如我們通常要在條件狀語從句和時時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時以及用現(xiàn)在完成時代替將來完成時等一樣，如果因語義的需要，我們需要在條件狀語從句和時時間狀語從句中使用將來完成進行時，那么我們通常要用現(xiàn)在完成進行時代替將來完成進行時。如：Ill have finished in the bathroom in a few minutes. 我一會兒就用完浴室了。As soon as I have finished Ill give you a call. 我一完事兒，就給你打電話。題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)1. Good Heavens! You are here, Mary! Your parents told me this morning that they _ worried about you and they _ you back the whole night.A.were；were expectingB.had been；had been expectingC.had been；were expectingD.were；had been expecting2. To my great joy, I got a chance to take a photo with Andy after the concert, which I _ forward to for years.A.have been lookingB.had been lookingC.lookedD.had looked3. Why, boys, you look so tired!Well, we _ all the way home.A.have been runningB.had been runningC.will be runningD.had run4. Marty _ really hard on his book and thinks hell have finished it by Friday.A. workedB. has been workingC. had workedD. has worked5. Excuse me, Madam. Ellen, a journalist from the Daily Mail _ all day. Could you speak to him now?A.phonesB.has phonedC.phonedD.has been phoning6. Housing prices _ since the end of last year. Therefore, its time the central government _ some effective measures to bring them under control.A.have increased；would takeB.have increased；will takeC.have been increasing；takesD.have been increasing；took7. Wow, I didnt know you play golf so well.I _ for the last 6 months.A.playB. playedC.am playingD.have been playing8. I have failed in the driving test again. I _ hard on it but.Never say die. In fact, the new rules are too difficult but you are making progress.A.workB.workedC.have been workedD.had been working9. I wonder if John has forgotten my number. I _ him to call me for the past two hours.A.was expectingB.have expectedC.have been expectingD.expected10. She apologized to beg his forgiveness. After all, they _ business for many years.A.had been doingB.have been doingC.have doneD.did題組二 體驗真題1.(2017·新課標I卷改編)Since 1962, Pacific Science Center _(inspire) a passion(熱情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology.2. (2017·新課標II卷改編) Inventors _(try) to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert.3. (2017·浙江卷改編) His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he _( do).4.(2015·陜西)Mary really hard on his book and thinks hell have finished it by Friday.A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked5.(2015·福建)Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ever since.A. wroteB. had writtenC. has been writing D. is writing題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)單項填空1. D 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：天啊！瑪麗，你在這兒！你的父母今天早晨告訴我他們很擔心你，一整個晚上他們一直盼著你回去。根據(jù)句意可知，第一個空應(yīng)用一般過去時，排除B、C兩項；根據(jù)時間狀語the whole night可知，第二個空要用進行時，表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)持續(xù)的動作，又因expect這一動作發(fā)生在told之前，所以第二個空用過去完成進行時。2. B 【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：讓我非常高興的是，在演唱會后我有機會和Andy拍照，這是我多年一直盼望的事情。由句中的got可知，空處指的是過去的過去一直在做的事情，故用過去完成進行時，所以選B。4. B 【解析】句意：Marty一直努力寫書，我想他到周五為止將已經(jīng)完成了。用現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示從過去到現(xiàn)在一直進行的動作。所以選B。5. D 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：對不起，夫人，來自the Daily Mail 的記者Ellen一天都在打電話。你現(xiàn)在可以和他談話嗎？根據(jù)語境可知用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示過去到現(xiàn)在一直在做某事。故選D。6. D 【解析】考查時態(tài)和虛擬語氣。句意：自從去年底，房價一直在上漲。因此，中央政府到了采取有效措施控制房價的時候了。和since the end of last year 搭配用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時；It is time+從句中，從句的謂語用should do或過去式表示虛擬語氣。故選D。7. D 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：喔，我不知道你高爾夫球打得這么好。我已經(jīng)打了六個月了。和for the last 6 months 搭配用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時。故選D。8. D 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)第一個人說的話中的have failed可知，考試這個動作發(fā)生在過去，考試失敗這個結(jié)果影響到了現(xiàn)在。而work這個動作發(fā)生在考試之前且在過去的一段時間內(nèi)一直在進行，故用過去完成進行時。9. C 【解析】句意：我想知道約翰是否忘記了我的電話號碼。在過去的兩個小時里，我一直期待他給我打電話。根據(jù)句意和時間狀語for the past two hours可知，本句要用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。故選C。10. A 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：她道歉懇請他原諒。畢竟他們(彼此)做生意好多年了。道歉這一動作發(fā)生在過去，做生意這一動作是從過去的過去某一時間點開始的動作一直延續(xù)到過去(道歉)，故要用過去完成進行時。題組二體驗真題1. has been inspiring【解析】此處表示inspire這個動作從過去1962年開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。4.B 【解析】句意：Marty一直努力寫書，我想他到周五為止將已經(jīng)完成了。用現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示從過去到現(xiàn)在一直進行的動作。所以選B。5.C 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成進行時。根據(jù)句意：彼得在那里，我哪兒都找不到他。他在早餐過后就去了圖書館，然后自從那以后他就一直在那里寫論文。從句意中可以知道彼得是吃過早餐之后去了圖書館，從那個時候開始他就一直在寫論文，這個動作一直延續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作從某一時間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。故選C。 9