介詞（短語） - 2022年高考英語備考糾錯筆記

04介詞(短語)2022英語備考糾錯筆記糾錯一 介詞詞義的誤用(1)【誤】The bridge on the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down.【正】 The bridge over the river, which has a history of nearly 100 years, is now in danger of falling down.分析over通常指“正對的上方"，表示兩個物體之間垂直的相對位置；on指線上 或面上的接觸點，僅在兩個物體互相接觸的情況下表示“在上面”。(2)【誤】In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch with writing often.iE In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch by writing often.分析with表示用具體的工具,此處用by表示抽象的方式。by writing意為“通過寫信”。 本題不是keep in touch with的固定搭配。注意造成以上錯誤的原因在于對詞義接近的介詞的用法不清，應加強其學習。糾錯二介詞搭配的誤用(1)【誤】 You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich of vitamins.【正】 You should eat more fruit and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins.分析be rich in是固定搭配，意為“富含:根據(jù)語境可知，把of改為in。(2)【誤】He got married with her last month.1E He got married to her last month.【正】He married her last month.分析get married to sb=marry sb為固定表達，意為“與某人結婚”。(3)【誤】 Under the help of the teacher, he made rapid progress.【正】 With the help of the teacher, he made rapid progress.分析with the help of sb意為“在某人的幫助下”為固定短語。注意造成以上錯誤一方面在于不熟悉介詞的語法功能和不同搭配，另一方面在于英 漢差異而致，如誤區(qū)二第(2)處和第(3)處。平時應注意短語的積累，方能避免此類問題。糾錯三介詞的缺失錯誤(1)【誤】If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.【正】If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wail for your teacher to lead you outside.分析wait for是固定搭配，意為“等待”，由于其后有賓語your teacher,故需要加介 詞 for。(2)【誤】He is the man I just spoke.【正】 He is the man I just spoke to.分析man后為省略了關系詞的定語從句，對某人講話為speak lo sb,故lo不可缺失。糾錯四介詞的冗余錯誤【誤】 We, together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home in last week.【正】 We, together with our teacher, visited a local nursing home last week.分析時間名詞前有next, last等修飾時，一般不再用介詞，lasl week前面不須加介詞。注意造成以上錯誤的原因主要在于受漢語表達的影響，若想避免此類問題多背多練 是關鍵。二.真題演練1 .（2020 江蘇）Taki ng on this challenge will bring you someone who shares your interests.A. in exchange forB. in answer toC. in contact withD. inmemory of【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意:接受這個挑戰(zhàn)會讓你和你有共同興趣的人接觸。A. in exchange for 作為交換；B. in answer to 回答；C. in contact with 接觸，與有聯(lián)系；D. inmemory of紀念。根據(jù)空后someone who shares your interests及常識可知，此處指“和與你有 共同興趣的人接觸故選C。2 .（2020 .天津）For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake a monkey.A. in the shape ofB. beyond the reach ofC. at the mercy ofD. on the side of【答案】A【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意:我五歲生II的時候，媽媽給我烤了一個猴子形狀的蛋糕C A. in the shape of 呈 形狀；B. beyond the reach of 超出 的能力之外 C. at the mercy of 受的支配；D. on the side ofjfflF,站在的一邊。蛋糕是猴子“形狀”的。故選A。3 .（2020 .浙江.語法填空）Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56, through agriculture.【答案】in【解析】考查介詞。句意：公元前1000（）年以后，人們第次真正嘗試通過農業(yè)來控制他們 所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived 應是之前名詞the world的定語從句，定語從句引導詞被省略，可推知先行詞應是在從句中作賓語，即：they lived in the world, live in十名 詞，意為“居住在某地故填in。4 .（2020 .全國卷 I .語法填空）The far side of the moon is of particular interest （interesting） to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters （環(huán)形山），more so 65 the familiar near side.【答案】ihan【解析】考查介詞。句意：因為它比熟悉的一面有更多的深環(huán)形山。根據(jù)空前的比較級more so可知,此處填介詞than,表示“比更故填than。5 .（2020 .全國卷 II .語法填空）Bamboo plants are associated 67 health, abundance and a happy home.【答案】with【解析】考查短語。句意：竹類植物與健康、富足和幸福的家庭聯(lián)系在一起。be associated with 與相聯(lián)系。故填with。6 .（2020 .全國卷 III .語法填空）The artist was finally humbled （謙卑）by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.【答案】on【解析】考查介詞。句意：這位藝術家最終被世界上最偉大的藝術家大自然母親所折服。 結合句意表示“在世界上”短語為on eartho故填on.7 .（2020 .新高考全國 I 卷（山東）.語法填空）Museums must compele45 peopled sparetime and money with other amusements.【答案】for【解析】考查介詞。句意:博物館必須和其他娛樂活動競爭人們的業(yè)余時間和金錢。此處是 固定短語:compele for,意為:“為了競爭故填for08 .（2019 江蘇）Favorable policies are to encourage employees' professionaldevelopment.A. in effect【答案】AB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape【解析】考查介詞短語。句意：好的制度政策實際上都會激發(fā)員工的專業(yè)水平的提升。A. in effect實際上；B. in command指揮；C. in lum輪流，依次：D. in shape在外形上，處于良好 的狀態(tài)。故選A。9 .（2019 浙江）But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer 61 this question is not clear.【答案】to【解析】考查介詞。句意：這個問題的答案不清楚。thekey/answert。這是固定搭配，” 的答案是工故填2。10 .（2019 .新課標 I 卷）Modem methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform （perform） consistently over a large area.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介詞用法。此處tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定語，用 of連接，“methods of doing sth.”,意為” 的方法”，構成固定結構。或者意為“對于跟蹤北 極熊的方法''用for。故填of/for。11 .（2018 .北京）一Good morning, Mr. Lee's office.Good morning. Td like to make an appointment next Wednesday afternoon.A. for B. on C. in D. at【答案】A【解析】考查介詞。句意：早上好，Lee先生辦公室。早上好。我想預約下周三下 午（和Mr. Lee見面）。make an appointment for意為"為 預約”，是固定搭配,故A選項 正確。12 .（2018 .天津）Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went.A. at first B. after allC. above all D. at random【答案】B【解析】考查介詞短語辨析及語境理解。句意:鮑勃認為他不能去參加聚會，因為他不得不 寫一份報告，但他終究去了。A.at first起初;B.aRerall畢竟，終究。C.aboveall首先;D.at random隨便地。根據(jù)前面的轉折連詞可知，與前面情況相反，故選B。13 .（2018 .江蘇）China's soft power grows the increasing appreciation and understandingof China globally.A. in line with B. in reply （oC. in return for D. in honour of【答案】A【解析】考查介詞短語詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：中國的軟實力增長與H俱增全球對中國 的賞識和理解相一致Q A. in line with按照;與一致；B. in reply to答復:C. in return for作 為的報酬；D. in honour of為紀念。故選A©