高考英語短文改錯(cuò)專項(xiàng)演練.doc

高考短文改錯(cuò)題解題策略與技巧及題庫| （一）考查方向 短文該錯(cuò)的設(shè)錯(cuò)題一般有兩類：語法錯(cuò)誤和邏輯錯(cuò)誤。語法錯(cuò)誤包括詞法錯(cuò)誤和句法錯(cuò)誤，如：冠詞、介詞、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、主謂一致、形容詞、副詞、代詞、連詞和語義重復(fù)等方面；邏輯錯(cuò)誤涉及整體理解、語言運(yùn)用和邏輯推理判斷。 2007年寧夏/海南高考英語試卷中的短文該錯(cuò)題做了調(diào)整，把原來設(shè)題短文由10行調(diào)整為78行，由原來的10行9錯(cuò)調(diào)整為共有10處錯(cuò)誤，每句最多有兩處錯(cuò)誤，取消了原來找出正確的一行，這些調(diào)整都體現(xiàn)了更多的新意和合理性：一是更加符合寫作時(shí)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的客觀規(guī)律；二是在試題導(dǎo)語中加入說明“假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的作文。”這就說明短文該錯(cuò)的宗旨就是針對(duì)我們中國學(xué)生在英語寫作中常見的尤其是“中國式英語”錯(cuò)誤而設(shè)計(jì)的。 （二）備考策略 1. 牢固掌握語法知識(shí)，建立清晰的語法框架在高三學(xué)習(xí)中，要把主要語法知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)透徹，尤其對(duì)各種詞類的句法作用做到了如指掌。只有把語法 知識(shí)的清晰框架結(jié)構(gòu)建立起來，才能在做短文該錯(cuò)時(shí)思路清晰，切中考點(diǎn)。 2. 書面表達(dá)與短文該錯(cuò)相結(jié)合 在書面表達(dá)訓(xùn)練中一定要提高運(yùn)用語言的準(zhǔn)確性。寫完不要等老師批改，先把自己的習(xí)作當(dāng)作一篇短文該錯(cuò)來修改，看看時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用是否得當(dāng)，詞類應(yīng)用是否正確，名詞的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)是否有誤等。 （三）做題技巧 1. 瀏覽全文，掌握大意 通讀短文，把握全篇主旨，弄清上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。有時(shí)孤立地分析某個(gè)句子，其結(jié)構(gòu)正確、語義通順，無錯(cuò)可改，但如果聯(lián)系上下文，便會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有的句子中有不合邏輯的地方，須作出改正。2. 反復(fù)閱讀，逐句找錯(cuò)讀懂文章后，要逐句分析在句法、語法、行文邏輯方面是否有錯(cuò)。具體注意以下幾點(diǎn)： （1）整篇文章的語態(tài)、時(shí)態(tài)是否前后一致。 （2）名詞的數(shù)與格，名詞前該不該用冠詞，用什么冠詞。 （3）習(xí)慣用語、固定搭配是否完整，有無缺少或多余介詞、副詞現(xiàn)象。 （4）非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式運(yùn)用是否正確。 （5）并列復(fù)合句中的連詞運(yùn)用是否正確。 （6）主從復(fù)合句中的關(guān)系代詞/副詞、從屬連詞/代詞、副詞的運(yùn)用是否正確；主從復(fù)合句中的定語從句、名詞從句、狀語從句的形式及運(yùn)用是否正確。 （7）代詞的運(yùn)用與結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，尤其是人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞以及it作形式主語/賓語的用法是否正確。 （8）形容詞、副詞的用法，包括形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的用法是否正確。 3. 由易到難，各個(gè)擊破 改錯(cuò)要從最簡單熟悉的項(xiàng)目入手，先從語法角度入手，再從邏輯方面考慮，最后推敲難題。 4. 檢查核對(duì)，反復(fù)推敲 最后反復(fù)瀏覽核對(duì)改后的全文，看全篇是否語義通順。要檢查是否完全按照短文改錯(cuò)題型的要求和規(guī)范做題。高考英語短文改錯(cuò)專項(xiàng)演練_英語題庫 1 Well never forget a day when my classmates and 1. _I paid a visit a chemistry factory. It 2. _was a large one with nearly 20, 000 workers. It looks 3. _like a garden and we saw colorful flowers, grass and trees 4. _there. We also visited some workshop and found workers 5. _working hard. We talked to them and learned a lot of. We 6. _understood them further. On the way home we felt very tiring, 7. _but we both thought we had a very good day. 8. _We really hoped what we could get more chances 9. _of leaving the school and learn about society. 10. _ 2 The children next door often play the football in 1. _the garden after my house and sometimes break my 2. _windows. Last Saturday afternoon I stay at home and 3. _read a book. After a while, I closed my eyes and went 4. _to sleep. A loud knock on the door made me to wake 5. _up suddenly. Soon a little boy turned out. “You havent 6. _broken one of my window again?” I asked. “Oh, no!” 7. _answered the boy. “Your windows were all opened this 8. _time and our football is in your bedroom. Could you 9. _mind getting in to get our ball?” I was at a loss at the 10. _moment. 3 I ever worked as a tour guide. One day I saw advertisement 1. _on the newspaper. I rang up the company, and 2. _I was given the job immediate. They asked me to take 3. _a tour around the city the next morning. The manager 4. _just told me to say anything that I could think about the 5. _city. My first tour is terrible. The old bus was not 6. _air-conditioned, because it was the middle of summer. It 7. _was uncomfortable inside the bus. The tourist soon became 8. _very hot and angry. I owned a very hard time. I stayed there 9. _for a few weeks,and then left and joined in a better 10. _company. 4 Sue and Ann often meet at a cheaper restaurant to eat 1. _and talking about life and school after their morning 2. _class. Sometimes, instead of talking ,they play a 3. _game that they call it “people watching”. They start the 4. _game in observing and listening to people around 5. _them carefully and make guesses about their lives as 6. _ages, jobs, likes, dislikes and so on. Of course, 7. _they never really knew whether they are right or wrong. 8. _Therefore they usually have good reasons for thinking 9. _that what they are. “The game is fun,” they often say. 10. _ 5 At a party, it is quite normal of someone to have 1. _a short conversation with you and then go on to talking 2. _to other people! Dont think they dislike you or they 3. _are impolite. It has the custom at many parties 4. _in Britain, particularly there people are standing up rather 5. _than sitting down. Here are two ways of finishing conversation 6. _at a party. “Excuse me. I think Ill go and get another drinking. 7. _See you later, perhaps?” “Oh. Excuse me. Ive just seen 8. _Mary Jennings over here. Ive got to discuss a meeting we 9. _are been having on Thursday. Would you excuse me for a moment?” 10. _ 6I felt sadly yesterday when our teacher told us something 1. _about Project Hope in class. It has set up to help the 2. _children in the countryside who cant pay to go to 3. _school. After school I came home. I was wondering if I 4. _could do something for the Project then I caught sight 5. _of money-collecting box on the table. Then I made 6. _up my minds to send my pocket money which I 7. _had saved for nearly one year for the children who 8. _wanted to go to school. I wrote a letter to them and 9. _hurried to the post office. Together with the letter Iposted the money and sent with my best wishes to them. 10. _ 7 Last night when Steven and I was having a walk in the 1. _Street, we suddenly heard a painful cry for help under 2. _a tree nearby. We quickly ran to the tree and found a boy laying 3. _on the ground with a stick in his leg. He had fallen of the tree. 4. _Steven suggested we pulled the stick out at once, but I disagreed, 5. _Because I had learned little about first aid at school. The stick 6. _in the leg would help controlling the bleeding. As there was 7 . _no telephone,we managed to find a taxi. We took the boy to the 8. _hospital. The doctors examined the boy fast and we got to 9. _know where the boy lived. So we telephoned his parentsand left after he came to the hospital. We did a good deed. 10. _ 8 Last summer I learnt to ride a bicycle. At first?,I was 1. _unable to control its direction. Sometimes I fall to 2. _the right or to the left. But I worried my father to tell me 3. _how I could ride straightly. He didnt answer me 4. _directly. Instead,he took me to side of the street. 5. _“Can you find some bike track that is really straight?” 6. _asked my father. I watched more carefully and shook my 7. _head .“No?” he said, “in factneither of the tracks is 8. _always straight. But just by correct the direction 9. _every now and then, you had already gone forward.” 10. _ 9Boys and girls, Attention, please. Ive got a good news for you. A new book 1. _How to Improve Your English is now on sell in the 2. _nearby bookstore. Xinhua Bookstore. I think the book 3. _is a great help on our English study and suitable for 4. _us middle school students. Here Ive got it. You may 5 . _go to have a look to see whether you like it or not. The price 6. _is five yuan every. Those who want to buy the 7. _book should get your money ready for. By eleven oclock 8. _tomorrow morning the money should be give either 9. _to me nor to our League Secretary. Well go to buy the 10. _books tomorrow afternoon.10Most families in China hoped their single children willhave a happy future, so they are very strict in their children.So do teachers in schools! Many children are given so muchhomework that they have hardly any spare time have sports.The children are forbidden to do anything but to study. Nowonder so many children are tired of lessons. Some evenattack or kill his parents and teachers! I believe many peoplealready read this kind of news in newspapers or magazines.Shouldnt we draw lesson from the accidents? Now ourgovernment is making out a plan to solve the educationproblems.76_77_78_79_80_81_82_83_84_85_11Nowadays, almost every family has TV set, and almosteveryone likes watching TV. TV has become part of our lives.TV has many advantages, for example, it informs us thelatest news which is happening in the world; it can open oureyes, enlarge our knowledge and also help us to see moreabout the worlD But, it also has some disadvantages. Peoplewaste too much time in watching TV and his normal lifeand work are affecteD To the children who they spend toomuch time in watching TV, it can do harmful to their sightand healthy. So we should control the time of watching TV.76_77_78_79_80_81_82_83_84_85_12A few months after returning the US from Germany, I took part in a college course in French. Since I have learned to say German well in Germany, I thought it might beinterested to begin studying another language. At thefirst class, the teacher asked us to do a pronunciationexercise in it he would say a word or two in French, andeach student would do their best to copy. When he got tome, he kept having me to say more words, and Ifinally asked him why. “I find it great fun,” she explainedit. “In 25 years of teaching at school, its the first timeIve heard an American speak French with a German accent.76._77._78._79._80._81._82._83._84._85._13The Huaihe River has been serious polluted. Day and nightmillions of tons of waste water is being poured down to it fromhundreds of factories. The waste water is harmful. At presentthere is no fish in it. The river water cannot be drunk. People ineither bank have to dig wells to take drinking water. The HuaiheRiver is such dirty and poisonous that people dont dare swimin it. Something must be done to stopping the pollution. Thegovernment and the people near the river must try to clear wateras soon as possible. Now special attention has paid to thepollution by the government and more scientists. The pollutionwill be prevented in the near future.76._77._78._79._80. _81._82._83._84._85._14Dear Abby,How are you? Today Ive got a wonderful news to tell you.I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for myfurther education. One hundred and twenty students took examfor it, but only a few was chosen and I was one of them. However,my parents are not happy about it. They are strong against megoing there. They say it is too far away that they will not see mefor a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel lonely. Theycant imagine a girl so young live alone. They advise me to studyin the capital instead. Then Ill be able to continue living withthem. How can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up?Best wishes,Jane76._77._78._79._80._81._82._83._84._85._15A persons age no longer tells you something abouthis social position, marriage or healthy. Theres no longer,a particular year which one goes to school or goes towork or gets married or start a family. The social clockthat kept us on time and told us when go to school, geta job, or stop working isnt as strong as it was used to be.It doesnt surprise us to hear a 28-year-old universitypresident or a 35-year-old grandmother, or 70-year-oldman who has become a father for the first time. What weall know, publics ideas are changing nowadays.76. _77. _78. _79. _80. _81. _82. _83. _84. _85. _16It is difficult for parents to teach your children to be responsible(有責(zé)任的) for housework, but with one of the followed suggestions,you really can get your children help you at home. If you give yourchildren the impression which they can never do anything quite right,then they will regard themselves unfit or unable persons. Unless theybelieve they can succeed, they will never become totally independence. Dont always scold and give lots of praise instead. Talk aboutwhat theyve done right, but about what they havent done. If yourchildren complete a difficult task, reward (酬勞) him with a Sundaytrip or a ball game of Dad.76._77._78._79._80._81._82._83._84._85._17Before I went to senior middle school, some peoples toldme. “A life of senior middle school is unforgettable.”While I first entered my senior middle school, everythingseemed unpleasant. Face all the strange things around me,I often miss my old friends and classmates. I didnt wantto talk others or make friends with others. Little by little, myschool record went from bad to worse, especially mymaths. I couldnt even pass the exam. I lost the heart andmissed the happy times all day long. I told me, “I dontbelong to it. I dont like the life here.”76._77._78._79._80._81._82._83._84._85._18Tom and Dick are next door neighbour who workin the same office so they walked together to and fromoffice. Some day as they were walking home together itsudden started to rain. Tom quickly opened his umbrellaand said, “My wife surely has foresight (預(yù)見) . She saidon this morning it would rain and told me to carry myumbrella with me.” Dick smiled and walked to him, said,“My wife has even great foresight. She told me not tocarry an umbrella and as she knew you would certainlyhave with you.”76._77._78._79._80._81._82._83._84._85._19Dear Sir or Madam,I see your advertisement in a student magazine andIm interesting to know more about your diving courses.First of all, I should explain that although I can swim Imnot very confident in the water. But you mentioned youradvertisement that your instructors are full qualified(稱職),so I believe theyll able to teach someone like me to dive.I have one weeks holiday in the three week of Juneand would like to know that if theres a course running atthat time. How much does a weeks course worth? Finally,if I decide to go ahead, are there any special equipment Ineed to buy or is everything provided by your company?I look forward to hearing from you.Sincerely yours, Tom76. _77. _78. _79. _80. _81. _82. _83. _84. _85. _20Dear Xiaohua,It is four days since Mother accepted the operation.She is feeling much more better. The doctors told methe operation was successful, but because her old ageshe had to stay in hospital for other two weeks. Thedoctors also say it was quite necessary for her todo so. We expect to get a full report in two and threedays. Please tell the good news to the rest of familyas soon as possible. You neednt to come here. Imable to look after Mother by myself. Youd bettersend flowers to Mother. She will feel happily. Yours, Xiaohui76._77._78._79._80._81._82._83. _84. _85. _21Football is most popular game in England: one has onlyto go to one of the important match to see this. Rich andpoor, young and old, one can see them all there, shout andcheering for one side or the other. One of the surprisedthings about football in England to a stranger is the greatknowledge of the game which still the smallest boy seemsto have it. He can tell you the names of the players in mostof the important team, he has photographs of them andknow the results of large numbers of matches. He will tellyou his opinion which is usual as valuable as that of the adults. 1.- 2.-3.-4-5-6-7-8-9-10- 22Climbing is my favourite sport. I am very food it,especially in later autumn. One day early in the morning,my friends and I put on our sports shoes and start off.After climbing for half an hour, we got at the top ofthe mountain. There we had a good view miles around. Inthe north, a big river crossed the city. There were manyships sail busily. A lot of beautiful trees were there, too.The sun started to go down, for it was time for usto go back. On the road back, we were laughing andtalking all the time. We had a good time on that day.76. _77. _78. _79. _80. _81. _82. _83. _84. _85. _23Before lunch Allen happened to see a man fished ina ditch about five metre outside a bar. Allen stoppedcuriously. All people passing over the man who was fishingregarded him like a foolish man. Allens heart went outof him. He said kindly to fish-catcher, “Hello, willyou please do me a favor and have a drink with mein the bar?” The man gladly received his invitation.After buying the man several cups soft-drinks,Allen asked, “You are fishing there, right? May Iknow how much fish you have caught this morning?”“You are the number 8,” said the man humorously.76._77._78._79._80._81._82._83._84._85._ 24What should you do when your parents become angry? Ifyour parents got mad, try to have a conversation with themabout it. Remembering not to shout at them. They usuallywill try to change, but they will take some time becausethey get angry all their life, and that is all they know. Youmight have to change for your method a couple of times.Do any nice things for your parents that they dont expectlike cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or cleanthe floors. If this doesnt work, bring in friend that youfeel comfortable, and have him or her help you.76._77._78._79._80._81._82._83._84._85._ 25In Feb. 2nd 1979, Chinas Vice-premierDeng Xiaoping was at a visit to the U.S.He was in the space flight center near to HoustonTexas. Sat in the pilots seat of a model ofa space shuttle（航天飛機(jī)）,he was asked to touch a buttonto make it landing on the earth froma height of 95,000 feet, that he did. Fromwindows of the craft, he could see the earthcoming up to meet him as a returned space pilotwould see it. Millions of people in both China andthe US watch this on TV with delight.76_77_78_79_80_81_82_83_84_85_ 26Last Sunday I saw the worst storm in years. It camesudden and went on for over three hours. After lunch, I 1. _went into my room to have a rest. The air was hotter, and 2. _all is quiet. Then a strong wind started to blow into my