2020年中考英語熱點專題突破 訓練十二 短文填空

熱點12 短文填空【命題趨勢】短文填空中的自由填空一般在一篇200250字左右的短文中挖出10個空（一般一行或一句一個空，首句不設(shè)空），要求學生通讀短文，并根據(jù)上下文來補全短文，每空只能填一個單詞（不能填數(shù)字）。主要考九大詞類（名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞、連詞、冠詞）。該題旨在測試考生的英語閱讀理解能力，從而達到既考查學生的語言基礎(chǔ)知識，又考查他們的觀察能力、聯(lián)想能力以及對語言的綜合運用能力?！緷M分技巧】 1、從語法方面考慮短文填空題所涉及的語法內(nèi)容通常包括：名詞的單復數(shù)、形容詞和副詞的比較等級、主謂一致、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、介詞和連詞的選用等。2、從習慣用法和固定搭配方面考慮如上所說，陜西省的短文填空以詞組和短語為主，而詞組和短語必然會涉及到很多習慣用法和固定搭配。3、從上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)方面考慮有的空白必須根據(jù)上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)才能判斷應(yīng)該填什樣的單詞或短語?！緹狳c話題】 勵志類，故事類，文化風俗，健康，科技【限時檢測】（建議用時：30分鐘）A（2019 南通市）話題：勵志難度：建議用時：6分請認真閱讀下面短文,并根據(jù)各題所給首字母的提示,寫出一個合適的英語單詞完整、正確的形式,使短文通順。Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. A short video about seven people wearing prosthetic devices(人造裝置) who t_1_ on a desert race challenge has become popular. The seven disabled people j_2_in the 108-kilometer desert race from May 11 to 14 in Dunhuang, Northwest Chinas Gansu Province. Six of the seven had one leg amputated(截肢)，and o_3_had two legs amputated. Cheng Baojun, a man from Luohe, Central Chinas Henan Province, the double amputee, said he never i_4_ he could take part in the desert race. “It is great, I can do it, and you can also. ” “It is easy to say, but walking it is h_5_. ” Cheng said. On the first day, they finished a complete section of 27 kilometers of the race, and on the second day, they finished 20 kilometers. “My legs were painful while I was walking. We also met with a very big sandstorm on the way. But s _6_ it was a challenge, we could not give up. We all encouraged each other to continue. ” he said. After getting t_7_, they rested on the third day and walked on the fourth. Lao Tongyi walked the longest of the group, a distance of more than 70 kilometers. Team leader SunNaicheng said that they had to p_8_ through depulation (人煙稀少) areas of the Gobi Desert. He also added that team members challenged themselves and realized their d _9_. They are good e _10_for everyone to learn from. Its up to you how far you go. If you dont try, you will never know.【答案與解析】【文章大意】這篇短文主要講述了一段關(guān)于七個人戴著假肢參加沙漠競賽的視頻已經(jīng)很流行了。告訴我們有志者事竟成。1. took 句意：一個關(guān)于七個人戴著假肢參加沙漠競賽的短片已經(jīng)很流行了。短語take on a desert race challenge參加挑戰(zhàn)沙漠競賽。這里是一般過去時態(tài)，take的過去式是took。根據(jù)句意，故填took。2. joined 句意：7名殘疾人參加了5月11日至14日在敦煌舉行的108公里沙漠競賽。jion in參加。這里是一般過去時態(tài)，joined，根據(jù)題意，故填joined。3. others 句意：七名患者中有六名一條腿被截肢，其他人則兩條被截肢。Six of the seven had one leg amputated(截肢)可知下文是其他的。根據(jù)句意，故填others。4. imagined 句意：來自中國中部河南省洛河市的雙重截肢者程寶軍（音）說，他從來沒有想過自己能參加沙漠賽跑。這里是一般過去時態(tài)，imagine的意思是“想象”，imagine的過去式imagined。根據(jù)題意，故填imagined。5. hard 句意：程說：“說起來容易，走起來難?！备鶕?jù)上文It is easy to say hard可知下文是是難的。根據(jù)句意，故填hard。6. since 句意：我們在途中還遇到了一場很大的沙塵暴。但由于這是一個挑戰(zhàn)，我們不能放棄。根據(jù)下文it was a challenge, we could not give up可知這里是表示原因，用since。根據(jù)句意，故填since。7. tired 句意：他們累了，第三天休息，第四天走。Tired的意思是“累人的”，根據(jù)句意，故填tired。8. pass 句意：組長孫乃成說，他們必須通過戈壁沙漠的人煙稀少的區(qū)域。根據(jù)下文through depulation (人煙稀少) areas of the Gobi Desert.可知這里是通過的意思。have to do sth.表示不得不做某事；pass意思是“通過”，根據(jù)句意，故填pass。9. dream 句意：他還補充說，團隊成員挑戰(zhàn)自己，實現(xiàn)了自己的夢想。這里是說實現(xiàn)夢想。短語realize ones dream表示實現(xiàn)某人的夢想。根據(jù)句意，故填dream。10. examples 句意：他們是每個人學習的好榜樣。主語是They，這里表語用復數(shù)，examples的意思是“榜樣”，根據(jù)句意，故填examples。B（2019 泰安市）話題：故事難度：建議用時：6分根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用方框中所給詞語的適當形式填空，使文章通順完整。（每詞限用一次）he, kill, scared, silly, lie, courage, hear, against, fight, strongOne sunny afternoon, a young deer and an old deer were _1_ under a tree in the forest. Suddenly, in the distance, they _2_ some sounds of dogs' barking. The old deer stood up quickly. He felt nervous and _3_. He said to the young deer, "Be quick! It's time to find a place to hide in. The barking dogs are fierce(兇猛的) and they will _4_ us. "The young deer laughed and said, "Why should we hide from the dogs? We are bigger and _5_than them. We can toss（扔）them aside with our big antlers(角). We should fight with them bravely. "The old deer admired the _6_of the young deer, but he did not believe the young. "We'd better run away now." said the old deer. The young deer refused to run away. He decided to fight_7_ the dogs. As the dogs ran to _8_ , he put down his antlers and wanted to toss them aside, But he didn't win the _9_ because there were too many dogs. He was killed by the dogs in the end. The young deer lost his life because he didn't know his strength and weakness. We can learn a lesson from the story. Don't be like the _10_ young deer when we are in danger. We should know our strength and weakness.【答案與解析】【文章大意】本篇文章難度適中，主要講述一個老鹿和一個年輕的鹿在樹下躺著，突然他們聽到狗叫聲。老鹿建議找個地方躲起來，而年輕的鹿認為自己很強大，可以和狗打一架。但是打架時鹿失敗了，因為他們是一群狗。通過這個故事告訴我們一個道理：我們要知道我們的優(yōu)勢和劣勢。1. lying 句意“一個陽光明媚的下午，一只年輕的鹿和一只老鹿躺在樹林的樹下”。根據(jù)The old deer stood up quickly“這個老鹿迅速地站起來”可知，他們是“躺在樹下”。且根據(jù)空前were可知，用過去進行時，故填lying。2. heard 句意“突然他們聽到遠處有一些狗的叫聲”。根據(jù)some sounds of dogs' barking“一些狗的叫聲”可知，表示“聽到”。hear聽到。且根據(jù)文章可知，用一般過去時，故填heard。3. scared 句意“他感到很害怕”。根據(jù)空前nervous and可知，空處用形容詞。根據(jù)Be quick! It's time to find a place to hide in. The barking dogs are fierce(兇猛的) and they will _4_ us“快點！是時候找個地方躲起來了，狂叫的狗是兇猛的，他們將會殺死我們”可知，老鹿是害怕的。scared害怕的，故填scared。4. kill 句意“狂叫的狗是兇猛的，他們將會殺死我們”。根據(jù)文意可知，老鹿建議找個地方躲起來，因為狂叫的狗會殺死我們。kill殺死，且根據(jù)空前will可知，用原形，故填kill。5. stronger 句意“我們比他們大又比他們壯”。根據(jù)空前bigger and以及than可知，用比較級，根據(jù)文意可知，年輕的鹿不懼怕狗，所以表示“比他們大又比他們壯”。故填stronger。6. courage 句意“這個老鹿欽佩這個年輕的鹿的勇氣”。根據(jù)We can toss（扔）them aside with our big antlers(角). We should fight with them bravely“我們可以用我們的大角將他們?nèi)拥簦覀儜?yīng)該勇敢地和他們打一架”可知，老鹿要找個地方躲起來，而年輕的鹿要和狗打一架。所以老鹿欽佩年輕的鹿的勇氣。根據(jù)空前the以及空后of可知，用名詞。courage勇氣，故填courage。7. against 句意“他決定和狗打一架”。根據(jù)We can toss（扔）them aside with our big antlers(角). We should fight with them bravely“我們可以用我們的大角將他們?nèi)拥?，我們?yīng)該勇敢地和他們打一架”可知，表示打一架。fight against與打架，故填against。8. him 句意“當狗跑向他時，他放下鹿角想要將他們?nèi)拥揭贿叀?。根?jù)He decided to fight_7_ the dogs“他打算和狗干一架”可知，空處指代年輕的鹿。且空處用賓格，故填him。9. fight 句意“但是他沒有贏得這個戰(zhàn)斗因為有太多的狗”。根據(jù)We can toss（扔）them aside with our big antlers(角). We should fight with them bravely“我們可以用我們的大角將他們?nèi)拥?，我們?yīng)該勇敢地和他們打一架”可知，年輕的鹿和狗打了一架，但是沒有贏得戰(zhàn)斗。fight戰(zhàn)斗，用單數(shù)，故填fight。10. silly 句意“當我們陷入危險時，不要學這個傻鹿”。根據(jù)The young deer lost his life because he didn't know his strength and weakness“這個年輕的鹿因為不知道他的強處和弱處最后失去了生命”可知，不要向這只傻鹿學習?？仗幮揎椕~deer，用形容詞，故填silly。C（2019 重慶市B卷）話題：文化差異難度：建議用時：6分根據(jù)下面短文內(nèi)容，在短文的空格處填上一個恰當?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。Youve been here in China for a few days, and you may notice that Chinese people can sometimes be very direct. But dont be fooled into thinking you can_1_anything you like to them. Here are a few things foreigners_2_China should never say. Have you been on vacation? You look so tanned (曬黑的)! While many people in the West grow up with the idea that dark skin is a sign of beauty, this is not true in China. That explains_3_umbrellas are just as common on sunny days as they are on rainy days here.I really love China, butDont finish that_4_. No place can be perfect. Its fine if you say something impolite about your_5_country, but dont do it about someone elses. This doesnt just happen in China, but its fair to say the Chinese people show more love to their country. I think Chinese food is the best food in the world.Whats that? As everyone in China should already know this, saying that you love Chinese food is like saying that sugar is_6_or ice is cold. Its wont hurt anybody, but they may think you know_7_about their food culture. Since there are many different kinds of Chinese food, it sounds better to talk about the local food that you like most. Keep them in mind and_8_your stay in China!【答案與解析】【文章大意】短文介紹了外國游客在中國不應(yīng)該說的一些話。例如：“你度假了嗎？你看起來很黑！”、“我真的很喜歡中國，但是”、“我認為中國食物是世界上最好的食物?！蓖瑫r文章也暗示我們，每個國家都有自己國家的習俗，一定要入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。1. say 句意：但不要愚昧地認為你對他們想說什么就說什么。根據(jù)后面的句子“Here are a few things foreigners_54_China should never say.”可知，短文介紹了外國人在中國最忌諱說的一些話，不是想說什么就說什么，情態(tài)動詞say后跟動詞原形，故答案為say。2. in 句意：這里有一些外國人在中國不應(yīng)該說的話。in China在中國，故答案為in。3. why 句意：這就解釋了為什么雨傘在晴天和雨天一樣常見。explain“解釋”，中國人不喜歡皮膚黑，在晴天也打著雨傘，這也是雨傘在晴天和雨天一樣常見的原因，故答案為why。4. sentence(complaint) 句意：不要說出那樣的話（抱怨）。that是指前面的“I really love China, but”，是一句抱怨的話，故答案為sentence(complaint)。5. own 句意：如果你對自己的國家說些不禮貌的話沒關(guān)系。在形容詞性物主代詞所修飾的名詞前面加上own，表示“某人自己的”，故可以添加own。6. sweet 句意：說你喜歡中國菜，就像說出糖很甜或冰很冷一樣。根據(jù)“ice is cold”判斷，此處是讓你說出事物的屬性特征，糖給我們的印象肯定會是甜的，故答案為sweet。7. nothing/little 句意：但他們可能會認為你對他們的飲食文化一無所知。根據(jù)前面的句意“說你喜歡中國菜，就像說出糖很甜或冰很冷一樣”理解可知，好像說出這樣的話跟沒說一樣，會讓中國人認為自己對他們的飲食文化一無所知。故答案為nothing/little。8. enjoy 句意：要記住它們，祝你在中國過得愉快！并列連詞and前后連接的是兩個祈使句，需要填寫動詞原形，短文是寫給外國游客的，最后要獻上祝福的話：祝您在中國過得愉快！enjoy“享受的樂趣，過得快活”。D（2019 貴州省遵義市）話題：健康難度：建議用時：6分閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個適當?shù)脑~，或填入括號中所給單詞的正確形式I have two friends in our class， Rick and Scott Rick has a good lifestyle He sleeps eight or nine _1_ （hour）a day So he can get up early in the morning He exercises every day before having breakfast He runs three times every week and plays soccer _2_（one） a week He also has good eating habits He _3_（try） to eat all kinds of fruits He thinks apples are the _4_（delicious） of all fruits He believes "Having _5_ apple every day keeps the _6_（ill）away "He drinks milk every day and often eats vegetables He likes hamburgers _7_ he doesn't eat too much He looks after his health well Good eating habits and doing exercises every day are good for himScott is different _8_ Rick He is kind of _9_（health） He doesn't like doing exercise and sleeps too late He likes eating junk food， too He is fat now， and he _10_（ask）to lose weight by his doctor【答案與解析】【文章大意】本文介紹了瑞克和斯科特的生活方式。瑞克有良好的生活方式，而斯科特和瑞克不同。他有點不健康。他不喜歡運動，睡得太晚。他也喜歡吃垃圾食品。他現(xiàn)在很胖，醫(yī)生要求他減肥。1. hours 句意：他每天睡八或九個小時。數(shù)字eight or nine后面跟可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，hour小時，復數(shù)hours；故答案是hours。2. once 句意：他每周跑三次，每周踢一次足球。one一，基數(shù)詞；once：一次，once a week：一周一次；故答案是once。3. tries 句意：他盡力吃各種水果。本句是一般現(xiàn)在時，主語三單，謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)；try：試圖，三單形式是tries；故答案是tries。4. most delicious 句意：他認為蘋果是所有水果中最美味的。根據(jù)比較范圍of all fruits可知可知使用最高級，delicious是多音節(jié)形容詞，最高級是most delicious；故答案是most delicious。5. an 句意：他認為，“每天吃一個蘋果可以遠離疾病?！?apple：蘋果，可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)一般和不定冠詞連用，apple是元音音素開頭，可知“一個蘋果”是an apple；故答案是an。6. illness 句意：他認為，“每天吃一個蘋果可以遠離疾病。”冠詞要和名詞一起使用，ill：有病的，形容詞，名詞是illness，不可數(shù)名詞；根據(jù)定冠詞the，可知填名詞；故答案是illness。7. but 句意：他喜歡吃漢堡包，但他不吃太多。本句是并列句，根據(jù)句意可知前后句句意是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，可知填but。8. from 句意：斯科特和瑞克不一樣。短語be different from：與不一樣；根據(jù)上文描述可知瑞克有很好生活方式，下文描述斯科特“他不喜歡運動，睡得太晚。他也喜歡吃垃圾食品”可知斯科特生活方式不健康，故斯科特和瑞克不一樣。結(jié)合句意可知答案是from。9. unhealthy 句意：他有點不健康。根據(jù)下文He doesn't like doing exercise and sleeps too late He likes eating junk food， too（他不喜歡運動，睡得太晚。他也喜歡吃垃圾食品。）可知“他有點不健康?！北揪涫侵飨当斫Y(jié)構(gòu)，be動詞后面跟形容詞做表語，kind of：有點，副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞原級； health：健康，名詞；形容詞是healthy：健康的，unhealthy：不健康的；故答案是unhealthy。10. is asked 句意：他現(xiàn)在很胖，醫(yī)生要求他減肥。本句是and連接的并列句，這兩個句子時態(tài)一般一致，根據(jù)He is fat now時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，可知此句時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時；根據(jù)句意可知主語和謂語動詞是被動關(guān)系，可知使用被動語態(tài)，故此句是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)；其構(gòu)成am/is/are + 動詞的過去分詞，本句主語he第三人稱單數(shù)，可知使用is；ask的過去分詞是asked；故答案是is asked。E（2019 浙江省金華、義烏、麗水市）話題：機器人難度：建議用時：6分閱讀下面短文， 然后根據(jù)括號內(nèi)所給漢語意思寫出單詞的正確形式。 每空限填一詞。If you are tired of making human connections, Lovet can be a great choice for you. A Japanese company _1_(發(fā)明) it in December, 2018. It is a friendly robot which can make _2_(孤獨的) people feel the love.The _3_(名字) “Lovet” comes from the two words“l(fā)ove” and “robot”. With two bright eyes and a _4_(柔軟的)body, Lovet moves around your house and asks you for hugs. It doesnt talk, but chirps(作唧唧聲).Lovet follows you with the help of a _5_(照相機) on its head. It also has abilities to tell who you are by reading your face. It can _6_(甚至) remember up to 1000 faces.The robot cannot help you with housework, but it will _7_(發(fā)展) your ability to love. It moves around on three wheels and waves its two little _8_(手臂) to show surprise and love, or to ask for a hug. it sleeps when it's hugged and it follows you when it is called. It is _9_(害羞的) around strangers. When you open the door, it will hide _10_(在后面). If you want to make it laugh, just touch it.Lovet will do all it can to fill you with joy.【答案與解析】【文章大意】短文介紹了日本機器人Lovet。它是一個友好的機器人，能讓孤獨的人感受到愛，可以記住多達1000張臉。它不會幫你做家務(wù)，但它會培養(yǎng)你的愛的能力，在陌生人面前很害羞。如果你想讓它笑，就摸它。Lovet會盡它所能讓你充滿快樂。1. invented 考查動詞。根據(jù)所給漢語意思拼寫出單詞invent“發(fā)明”，動詞；由in December，2018可知時態(tài)用一般過去時，句意：一家日本公司于2018年12月發(fā)明了它，故答案填invented。2. lonely 考查形容詞。根據(jù)所給漢語意思拼寫出單詞lonely“孤獨的”，形容詞，修飾后面的名詞people；句意：它是一個友好的機器人，能讓孤獨的人感受到愛。故答案填lonely。3. name 考查名詞。根據(jù)所給漢語意思拼寫出單詞name“名字”，沒錯；句意：“Lovet”這個名字來源于“l(fā)ove”和“robot”這兩個詞，故答案填name。4. soft 考查形容詞。根據(jù)所給漢語意思拼寫出單詞soft“柔軟的”，形容詞，修飾后面的名詞body；句意：帶著兩只明亮的眼睛和柔軟的身體，Lovet在你家里四處走動，故答案填soft。5. camera 考查名詞。根據(jù)所給漢語意思拼寫出單詞camera“照相機”，名詞；句意：Lovet用在它頭上的照相機的幫助下跟著你，故答案填camera。6. even 考查副詞。根據(jù)所給漢語意思拼寫出單詞even“甚至”，副詞；句意：它甚至可以記住多達1000張臉，故答案填even。7. develop 考查動詞。根據(jù)所給漢語意思拼寫出單詞develop“發(fā)展”，動詞；will后跟動詞原形，句意：但它會培養(yǎng)你的愛的能力，故答案填develop。8. arms 考查名詞。根據(jù)所給漢語意思拼寫出單詞arm“手臂”，名詞；由前面的its two little，可知此處用其復數(shù)形式，句意：它用三個輪子轉(zhuǎn)動，揮舞著它的兩個小手臂，故答案填arms。9. shy 考查形容詞。根據(jù)所給漢語意思拼寫出單詞shy“害羞的”，形容詞；句意：它在陌生人面前很害羞，故答案填shy。10. behind 考查介詞。根據(jù)所給漢語意思拼寫出單詞behind“在后面”，介詞；句意：當你打開門時，它會藏在后面，故答案是behind。