2018年中考英語(yǔ)真題分類匯編 題型3 閱讀理解 專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練十一 風(fēng)俗文化（含解析）

時(shí)間：810分鐘/篇分值：2分/小題 Passage 1(2018邵陽(yáng))China is a large country. The population is over 1.3 billion. It has a special culture with a very long history.Chinese food plays an important role for Chinese families. Different foods have special meanings. The main difference is that Chinese people eat their meals with chopsticks. One of the main foods in Chinese culture is rice. Tea is a favorite drink and it is popular in the market.Chinese calendar is different from the one used in western countries. New Year's Day is in late winter. It is also called the Spring Festival. It has a big celebration of ringing out the old and ringing in the new. It has special foods and traditions. For example, sweeping the floor before New Year's Day sweeps away all the old year's bad luck.The Chinese zodiac(生肖), known as Sheng Xiao, follows a twelve­year cycle. Each year is named for an animal. These animal signs are the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. For example, the year that begins in 2018 is the year of the monkey.Chinese is a complex(復(fù)雜的)language. Chinese writing developed almost 4，000 years ago and may even be older. Chinese writing has thousands of characters. A character stands for a word and also a meaning. Besides Putonghua, Chinese people speak six other forms of the language, and there are many kinds of dialects()1. What's the population of China?A. Almost 4，000.B. More than 1.3 billion.C. 12 million. ()2. The underlined “dialects” probably means “_” in Chinese.A. 交際B. 對(duì)話C. 方言()3. According to the passage, what's one of the main foods in China?A. Tea. B. Rice. C. Meat. ()4. The year that begins in 2018 isn't the year of the monkey, is it?A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn't. C. I don't know. ()5. What's the main idea of the passage?A. Different foods have special meanings in Chinese culture.B. Chinese is a popular language.C. Chinese culture. Passage 2(2018黃石)Are you an eating­lover? Do you want to eat every delicious food in the world? Then do you watch the popular program A Bite of China? It's a TV program on Chinese delicious food which has been produced by CCTV. Is there any holiday that isn't celebrated with special festival food? Here are several traditional Chinese foods：Noodles are a symbol of long life in Chinese culture. They are as much a part of Chinese birthday celebration as a birthday cake with its candles lit in many western countries. Since noodles mean long life, it is considered very unlucky to cut it off.Although westerners sometimes may be very sorry to see fish lying on the plate, in China a whole fish is a symbol of richness. In fact, at a party it is a tradition to serve the whole fish last, pointed towards the most valued guest. Fish also has a special meaning because the Chinese word for fish, yu, sounds like the word for richness or plenty, and it is believed that eating fish will help your wishes come true in the year to come.A very popular dish during the Dragon Boat Festival is Zongzi. This tasty dish is made of rice dumplings with meat, peanuts or other delicious food in bamboo leaves. The tradition of Zongzi is meant to remind us of a great man, Qu Yuan in Chinese history.()1. A Bite of China is _A. a magazineB. a newspaper C. a film D. a TV program()2. According to the passage, in traditional Chinese culture, people will eat _ on their birthdays.A. eggsB. noodlesC. fishD. cakes()3. Fish has a special meaning in Chinese culture mainly because _A. it is served last at a partyB. it is pointed to the valued guestC. it sounds like the word yu in ChineseD. it is so delicious that all Chinese people like it()4. _ in the Dragon Boat Festival make(s) us think of Qu Yuan.A. Zongzi B. Meat C. Peanuts D. Dumplings()5. The article mainly talks about _A. Chinese food B. Chinese historyC. Chinese festivals D. Chinese languagePassage 3(2018河北)In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts(主人)and the worst guests in the world. They're not really bad guests, but because the guest­host relationship in China is much different than in some western countries, it appears they are not nice guests. And western hosts sometimes look rude(粗魯?shù)?in the eyes of Chinese guests. In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese person's home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the west, generally the guest is not a god. Acting according to the host's way of doing things is usual behavior for a guest. My wife's mother, a very kind elderly Chinese lady, doesn't smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non­smoker, I feel unhappy. Usually I want to stop them directly, but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that. In most North American homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you could ask, “Is it OK if I smoke？” But, don't be surprised if they say, “No, you can't smoke.” In our culture, if you smoke in their home, you are a bad guest, but if they do not allow you to smoke in their house, they are not a rude host. Guests in China also have special habits. Some western people may not adapt_to these habits very soon. Thankfully my wife is Chinese, so whenever we visit a Chinese family she tells me to buy them a gift. However, giving a gift to a host is not always necessary in my country. So, if you invite international guests to your house, don't be too surprised if they don't bring you a gift. In China, you probably won't need to change the guest­host relationship very much because you will probably only be the host, and Chinese are naturally very good hosts. If western hosts invite you to their house, try not to be too surprised if their style of treating you is not what you have expected.()1. Many foreigners think that Chinese hosts are the_ in the world.A. best B. worst C. most natural D. most different()2. When a western guest visits a Chinese family, he often_A. buys some fruit B. feels like a godC. wants some gifts D. takes a cup of tea()3. If the writer's guests want to smoke in his house, what will he probably say?A. It's OK if you smoke here. B. Let's smoke together.C. Sorry, you can't smoke here. D. Smoking is a bad habit.()4. What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “adapt to” in the passage?A. think back to B. get used to C. look forward to D. keep close to()5. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Foreigners should learn from Chinese.B. Hosts must do things in the guests' way.C. Western hosts are always nice to guests.D. People should understand cultural differences.專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練十一 風(fēng)俗文化Passage 1 【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。從食物、節(jié)日習(xí)俗、生肖和語(yǔ)言等方面介紹了中國(guó)悠久的文化。1. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：中國(guó)的人口是多少？根據(jù)第一段第二句“The population is over 1.3 billion.”可知選B。2. C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。題干意為：劃線單詞“dialects”的漢語(yǔ)意思可能是“ ”。根據(jù)本段最后一句“Besides Putonghua, Chinese people speak six other forms of the language, and there are many kinds of dialects.”可知，除了普通話，中國(guó)人還說(shuō)這種語(yǔ)言的六種其他形式，并且有許多種方言，故選C。3. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：根據(jù)短文，在中國(guó)一種主要的食物是什么？根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“One of the main foods in Chinese culture is rice.”可知選B。4. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：2018年開始的這一年不是猴年，是嗎？根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“For example, the year that begins in 2018 is the year of the monkey.”可知2018年開始的這一年是猴年，故選A。5. C【解析】主旨大意題。題干意為：這篇文章的主旨大意是什么？分析整篇文章可知，全文主要介紹了中國(guó)歷史悠久的文化，故選C。Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了中國(guó)的食物面條、魚和粽子的寓意和文化內(nèi)涵。1. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：舌尖上的中國(guó)是。由文章第一段第四句“It's a TV program on Chinese delicious food.”可知舌尖上的中國(guó)是一檔電視節(jié)目。故選D。2. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：根據(jù)這篇文章，在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中，人們?cè)谏盏臅r(shí)候吃。根據(jù)文章第二段“Noodles are a symbol of long life in Chinese culture. They are as much a part of Chinese birthday celebration .” 可知在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中，人們過(guò)生日要吃面條。故選B。3. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中魚有著特殊的含義主要是因?yàn)?。由文章倒?shù)第二段最后一句中“.because the Chinese word for fish, yu, sounds like the word for richness or plenty.”可知，魚在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中的特殊意義在于它聽起來(lái)像漢字中表示富裕的“余”。故選C。4. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在端午節(jié)讓我們想起了屈原。根據(jù)文章最后一句“The tradition of Zongzi is meant to remind us of a great man, Qu Yuan in Chinese history.”可知，端午節(jié)的粽子能使我們想起屈原。故選A。5. A【解析】主旨大意題。題干意為：這篇文章主要談?wù)摿?。這篇文章主要介紹了中國(guó)三種傳統(tǒng)食物面條、魚和粽子的寓意和文化內(nèi)涵。故選A。Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。通過(guò)列舉實(shí)例介紹了中外待人接物的不同，告訴我們應(yīng)該多了解不同國(guó)家的不同文化。 1. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：許多外國(guó)人認(rèn)為中國(guó)主人是世界上。根據(jù)文中第一段第一句“In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts(主人).可知選項(xiàng)A與之相符。故選 A。2. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：當(dāng)一名外國(guó)客人拜訪中國(guó)家庭的時(shí)候，他經(jīng)常。根據(jù)文中第二段第一句“In China, guests are almost like gods.”可知選項(xiàng)B與之相符。故選B。3. C【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：如果作者的客人想要在他的房子里吸煙，他可能會(huì)說(shuō)什么？ 根據(jù)文中第三段倒數(shù)第二句“But, don't be surprised if they say，No, you can't smoke.”由此可知選項(xiàng)C與之相符。故選C。4. B【解析】短語(yǔ)猜測(cè)題。題干意為：文中劃線短語(yǔ)“adapt to”的意思是什么？聯(lián)系上句中國(guó)的客人也有特殊的習(xí)慣，可知本句闡明了一些西方人可能不能很快適應(yīng)這些習(xí)慣，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有B項(xiàng)與之相符，故選B。5. D【解析】主旨大意題。題干意為：這篇文章的主旨大意是什么？分析整篇文章可知，通過(guò)列舉實(shí)例介紹了中外待人接物的不同文化，告訴我們應(yīng)該多了解不同國(guó)家之間的不同文化。故選D。 4