2018年中考英語真題分類匯編 題型3 閱讀理解 專項訓(xùn)練十 自然與環(huán)保（含解析）

時間：810分鐘/篇分值：2分/小題 Passage 1(2018常德)Let's clean up the ocean together!We all know it's important to have dreams. However, to make the dreams come true is not an easy thing. A young Dutch man named Boyan enjoys working hard to make his dreams come true.When Boyan was 16, he went diving(潛水) in Greece. He was shocked to see more plastic bags than fish in the sea. The boy made up his mind to clean up the ocean. However, everyone told him that there was nothing he could do once plastic bags went into the ocean. The teenager didn't give up. He spent several months studying plastic pollution. Finally, he came up with a science project using floating barriers(漂浮的柵欄) to collect the_waste. That is to say, instead of using nets and ships to collect the plastic bags, the barriers can make the plastic bags come together with the help of natural ocean currents(洋流) and winds. What's more, the collected plastic bags can be recycled and made into products or oil.Boyan won prizes for the project, but that was not enough for him: he wanted to make it a reality(實現(xiàn)). In 2013, he set up The Ocean Cleanup. Together with scientists, engineers and volunteers, the young man is working hard to clean up the ocean to make our world a better place.Would you like to join them?()1. Where did Boyan decide to clean up the ocean?A. In Holland. B. In Greece.C. In England.()2. What does the waste mean in the third paragraph?A. The nets. B. The barriers. C. The plastic bags.()3. What may be The Ocean Cleanup?A. A group. B. A club. C. A company.()4. The author writes the passage to tell us _A. to clean up the ocean B. not to pollute the oceanC. to protect our environmentPassage 2(2018武漢)Andrew Holleman, a 12­year­old boy, loved playing in the open land near his home. The land was wet and forested, and made a home for the birds, other animals and many different plants.It made the perfect place for him to study and get to know the nature. He had seen some red­tailed hawks, red foxes, wood turtles and other animals. He also found special native flowers.Suddenly it was announced that the “empty” land would be improved by a lot of houses on it. The plants would be removed, the animals would run away and most would probably die. Then the wet soil(土壤)would be covered with extra grounds.When he heard about the news, he was not happy. He was very worried that the land and water would be polluted.Andrew wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area, and how the houses would affect(影響)the local environment. He sent letters to members of local government and television reporters. He also called on his neighbors to oppose the building of the houses.Although he was only 12 years old, he had the courage and wisdom of a person much older. Andrew's teachers described him as gentle, shy and active. His classmates also admired how much he knew about local animals and plants, and the environment. Each day after school, Andrew went door­to­door, to ask the people to sign(簽名), who did not want the houses to be built. In only one month, he got the signatures of 250 people.In the end, the land remained a safe place for birds, animals and plants that belonged there. Andrew won many prizes for his brave and great work to stop the houses being built, and thus help save the environment.()1. The passage is mainly about _A. 250 people who signed to help AndrewB. a brave boy who cared for the environmentC. the open land that suited animals and plantsD. the research of improving the environment ()2. The underlined word “oppose” in the passage probably means _A. supportB. dislikeC. disagreeD. prefer()3. Andrew was very worried because _A. the animals would be killedB. new houses would be built on the open landC. not all the neighbors were going to signD. the local government made a right decision()4. According to the passage, Andrew _A. was good at going door­to­doorB. got in no touch with the reportersC. usually acted like a person much olderD. was praised by his teachers and classmates()5. We can infer(推測)that _A. the land would remain as it used to be B. the open land would be built into a parkC. the neighbors would have to move awayD. Andrew would soon work for the government Passage 3(2018廣州)“Save the whales！” That's what the picture on Jake Smith's bedroom wall said. Jake liked having a picture that said something important that showed he cared. He just never expected to get a chance to save a real whale, one right in his own neighbourhood.It was a Saturday morning when the newspaper first reported the whales' coming. A group of the animals were swimming close to the beach in Jake's hometown. All the local people rushed out to the beach to see them. They were expecting a beautiful show, better than a movie, but nothing they'd have to do anything about.Then one whale swam in their direction, directly towards land. It came in with the waves, and when the waves receded,_it stayed. Its huge body rested on the sand. Suddenly, Jake and his family and all the others were no longer sightseers. They had to become rescuers. A few people ran towards the animal. They pushed and tried to force the whale back into the water, but it was no use.An animal rescue service team soon arrived in a truck with heavy lifting machinery, to help move the animal. Jake and his family couldn't do much on the beach, so they went back to their house and made sandwiches and hot tea for the rescuers. At least, Jake thought, they could help in some way.Back at the beach, they offered the food to the rescuers and were happy to see that it was needed. It was getting dark. Some people lined up their cars along the beach and shined the headlights on the sand. The rescuers would not give up. After trying many times they were finally able to lift the whale into the water. Everyone cheered when it headed out to sea. It swam out about a mile and then disappeared for a moment under the sea. Then, in what looked like a jump for joy, it rose high above the water a thank­you to those who had worked so hard to save its life.()1. What does the picture on Jake's wall tell us about him?A. He lived near the ocean.B. He cared about the environment.C. He worked as an animal rescuer.D. He thought whales were the most beautiful animals.()2. Why did the local people go down to the beach that morning?A. To swim with the whales.B. To help rescue the whales.C. To see the whales swimming.D. To watch a movie about whales.()3. The underlined word “receded” in Paragraph 3 means _A. didn't move B. went back out C. washed over D. got up ()4. How did Jake and his family help save the whale?A. By calling the rescue service.B. By asking their neighbours for help.C. By giving the rescuers food and drink.D. By controlling the people on the beach.()5. In what order did the events of the whale rescue take place?a. The whale disappeared under the sea.b. People turned on the light of the cars.c. Rescuers lifted the whale into the water.d. Animal rescue service brought its truck.e. People pushed the whale towards the sea.A. edbca B. ebcdaC. dbeac D. aebdc Passage 4(2018重慶B卷)A wild baby bison(野牛) at Yellowstone National Park had to be killed because of tourists.The tourists thought that the baby bison looked cold. They put it in their car and drove to park ranger(管理員) station.A ranger described the action of the tourists as a “dangerous move” because adult bisons can look after their babies very well and they will attack(攻擊) to protect their young.Park rangers took the animal from the car and set it free. But, sadly, the baby was refused by its family because it had the smell from humans.Yellowstone National Park explained on Facebook that the smell from people can cause parent animals to refuse to accept their young. The park tried again and again to make the baby bison live with its parents. After several times they had to give up.Many people expressed anger at both the tourists and the park.The park said that they did not have the ability to care for a young bison. They also said that it is “not the task of the park to save animals”The tourists were fined(罰款) $110 for touching park wildlife. Park rules say that visitors to Yellowstone should stay at least 22 meters away from all wildlife, and at least 90 meters away from bears and wolves.One ranger said that Yellowstone recently added many safety signs that say staying near the wildlife there is dangerous to humans and animals as well. Those signs are written in English and other languages.()1. The tourists took the baby bison to a park ranger station because they thought it looked _A. sad B. hungry C. happy D. cold()2. The park ranger described the action of the tourists as a “dangerous move” because _A. the tourists drove in a wrong wayB. adult bisons would attack the touristsC. adult bisons couldn't look after their baby wellD. the tourists would make the baby bison sick()3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The park refused to send the baby bison back.B. The visitors saved the baby bison.C. Many people are angry at the bison family.D. The smell from humans may bring trouble to bisons.()4. From the passage, we can learn that _A. we must keep away from any wild animalB. we should care about wild animals in a right wayC. we'll be fined if we save a bison in the parkD. we'd better write safety signs in many languages Passage 5(2018泰安)A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city.Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn't built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city.Even so, travel isn't that difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat.Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge, and there's nothing special. But when they come back to the bridge an hour later, it's underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes.Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made ice of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋) melt(融化). Every year, high waters hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater.Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy's biggest companies to build the MOST project, which was planned to be built under the seawater to stop the rising water. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem.()1. Which is the best way to travel in Venice?A. The waterways. B. Taxis and cars.C. 400 bridges. D. Boats and rain shoes.()2. What doesn't cause Venice to get lower and lower?A. The ice of the Arctic Ocean melt.B. Seawater is everywhere around the city.C. People used too much underground water.D. The temperature has become higher over the years.()3. What can we infer from the last passage?A. Venice is sure to stop getting lower.B. High waters won't hit Venice any more.C. Scientists can solve the problems easily.D. Some possible ways help to solve the problem.()4. What's the best title of this passage?A. The Places of Interest of VeniceB. The History of VeniceC. The Specials and Problems of VeniceD. The MOST Project of Venice Passage 6(2018湖州)In the modern age, human society runs on energy. Most machines need electricity to operate. Humans can not live without electricity even a single day both in their daily life and work. They have many different ways to create electricity. But some ways are harmful to the environment.For example, fossil fuels(化石燃料) are the most common kind of energy. They include coal, oil, and natural gas. First, people have to dig them from the ground. This can sometimes harm the environment. However, scientists are creating cleaner and better ways to do that these days. So the environment is not harmed as much as before. But when people burn these fossil fuels, they can give off a lot of harmful gases, which is considered to be one of the greatest causes of global warming. This might harm the environment.Tidal(潮汐) energy is another way to make electricity. This uses the ocean tides to make electricity. But some kinds of tidal energy can kill many fish and other sea animals. Also dams(大壩) can create lots of clean energy. But dams create lakes and change the way that rivers run. So they can do great harm to the balance of nature around the lakes and along the rivers.Nuclear(核) energy is a very powerful form of energy. It is cheap. It is also very clean. But many people are afraid of it because it uses radioactive materials. Also, there have been some very serious accidents in the past which caused great harm both to human and nature. But the technology is much better these days. So many countries are starting to use nuclear energy more.()1. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about fossil fuels?A. They are dug from the ground.B. They are considered expensive.C. They hardly harm the environment.D. They are not widely used in the world.()2. From the passage, we know that tidal energy can_A. cause serious accidents B. change the way that rivers run C. give off a lot of harmful gases D. kill many living things in the ocean()3. Nowadays many countries start to use nuclear energy more because_A. it's a common kind of energyB. people are not afraid of it nowC. it's cheap, clean and safer than beforeD. people can't live without nuclear energy()4. The passage is probably in the part of _ in a newspaper.A. health B. science C. culture D. sports,小詞典)1dive v潛水2.floating barrier漂浮的柵欄3ocean current洋流 4.reality n現(xiàn)實5soil n土壤 6.affect v影響7sign v簽名 8.bison n野牛9ranger n管理員 10.attack v攻擊11fine v罰款 12.melt v融化13fossil fuel化石燃料 14.tide n潮汐15dam n大壩16nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的專項訓(xùn)練十 自然與環(huán)保Passage 1 【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述一位名叫Boyan的年輕人如何實現(xiàn)自己的夢想，同時呼吁人們要保護海洋。1. B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干意為：Boyan決定在哪里清理海洋？根據(jù)第三段前三句“When Boyan was 16, he went diving (潛水) in Greece.The boy made up his mind to clean up the ocean.”可知是在希臘。故選B。2. C【解析】詞義猜測題。題干意為：第三段中the waste的意思是什么？根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句中“make the plastic bags come together”與“collect the waste”為同義轉(zhuǎn)換，可判斷the waste是指The plastic bags，故選C。3. A【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：The Ocean Cleanup可能是什么？根據(jù)第四段最后兩句“In 2013, he set up The Ocean Cleanup. Together with scientists, engineers and volunteers, the young man is working.”可推知這是一個由科學(xué)家、工程師和志愿者組成的團體，致力于清理海洋垃圾。故選A。4. A【解析】主旨大意題。題干意為：作者寫這篇文章是為了告訴我們。根據(jù)文章第一段“Let's clean up the ocean together！”以及后文描寫B(tài)oyan為清潔海洋所做的努力；同時結(jié)合最后一段呼吁大家加入到清潔海洋的隊伍中，可知作者在呼吁我們?yōu)榍鍧嵑Ｑ笞龀鲐暙I。故選A。Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。敘述一個12歲男孩Andrew如何保護他周圍的環(huán)境的故事。1. B【解析】主旨大意題。題干意為：這篇文章主要關(guān)于。本文主要講述Andrew是如何保護環(huán)境，如何保留這塊開闊的場地的，故選B。2. C【解析】詞義猜測題。題干意為：文章中劃線單詞“oppose”的意思可能是。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Andrew wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area, and how the houses would affect(影響) the local environment.”可知他是不同意在這片空地上建造房子的，故此單詞的意思和disagree相近， 故選C。3. B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干意為：Andrew非常擔(dān)心，因為。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Suddenly it was announced that the empty land would be improved by a lot of houses on it.”和第四段第一句“When he heard about the news, he was not happy.”可知Andrew真正擔(dān)心的是在這片空地上蓋房子后動物們將遷移走，植物將被移除，土壤也會被破壞。故選B。4. D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干意為：根據(jù)這篇文章，Andrew。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第二、三句“Andrew's teachers described him as gentle, shy and active. His classmates also admired.”可知D項符合題意。故選D。5. A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干意為：我們可以推測。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“In the end, the land remained a safe place for birds, animals and plants that belonged there.”可知A項正確。故選A。Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了Jake和家人、鄰居幫助營救人員把擱淺的鯨魚救回大海的故事。1. B【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：Jake墻上的圖片告知我們關(guān)于他的什么情況？根據(jù)文中第一段第二句“Jake liked having a picture that said something important that showed he cared.”可知選項B與之相符。故選B。2. C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干意為：那天上午為什么人們到海灘上去？根據(jù)文中第二段后三句可知選項C符合題意。故選C。3. B【解析】詞義猜測題。題干意為：第三段中劃線單詞“receded”的意思可能是。根據(jù)第三段第二句和第三句可知，此處表達退潮后，鯨魚擱淺，因此劃線單詞表示(海水)退去。故選B。4. C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干意為：杰克和他的家人怎樣救的鯨魚？根據(jù)第四段中“Jack and his family couldn't do much on. and made sandwiches and hot tea for the rescuers.”可知杰克和他的家人為營救者提供吃喝。故選C。5. A【解析】句子排序題。題干意為：營救鯨魚的事件發(fā)生的順序是什么？通讀全文可知鯨魚最終獲救游回到大海。故a位于句末，營救人員到達之后，人們打開燈為營救人員照明，故d位于b之前。故選A。Passage 4【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文中主要講述了幾位游客因為覺得小野牛冷，就用車把它載到了公園管理站的故事。文章告訴我們：我們應(yīng)該以一種正確的方式關(guān)心野生動物。1. D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干意為：游客們帶這頭小野牛去公園管理站是因為他們認為它看起來。根據(jù)第二段第一句“The tourists thought that the baby bison looked cold.”可知是因為游客們認為這頭小野?？雌饋砝?。故選D。2. B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干意為：公園管理員把游客的行為描述為“危險的動作”是因為。根據(jù)第三段“A ranger described the action of the tourists as a dangerous move because adult bisons can look after their babies very well and they will attack(攻擊) to protect their young.”可知成年野牛會襲擊游客來保護它們的孩子。故選B。3. D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)這篇短文，下面哪一項是正確的？根據(jù)第四段第二句“But, sadly, the baby was refused by its family because it had the smell from humans.”和第五段第一句“.the smell from people can cause parent animals to refuse to accept their young.”可知來自人類的氣味會給野牛帶來麻煩。故選D。4. B【解析】主旨大意題。題干意為：從這篇短文中，我們可以知道。閱讀短文可知這些游客本意是出于關(guān)心這頭小野牛，但是因為方式不當(dāng)，反而給小野牛帶來了麻煩。因此我們應(yīng)該以一種正確的方式關(guān)心野生動物。故選B。Passage 5【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了威尼斯，近年來由于地下水過度使用使得該城下沉和北冰洋的融化，使得海平面上升。科學(xué)家們正在想辦法拯救這座特別的城市。1. A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在威尼斯旅行的最好方式是什么？由第三段第二句“The waterways have always been the best way to get around.”可知在威尼斯最佳的旅游方式是水路旅游，故選A。2. B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干意為：哪一項不是導(dǎo)致威尼斯越來越低的原因？通讀第五段可知，造成威尼斯下沉的原因有兩個：一是由于人們過多地使用地下水；二是因為過去幾年來全球氣溫升高，北冰洋的冰融化，導(dǎo)致海平面上升。因此選項A、C、D符合文章事實，而選項B并不是造成威尼斯下沉的原因。故選B。3. D【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：我們從最后一段中可以推斷出什么？由最后一段中的“Scientists are trying different ways. The Italian government has asked.to build the MOST project.”可知這一問題有可能解決的方法。故選D。4. C【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。題干意為：文章的最佳標(biāo)題是什么？通讀全文可知，文章介紹了威尼斯的特殊交通方式及這座城市遇到的一些問題，故選C。Passage 6【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了三種電能的特點和生產(chǎn)方法：化石燃料，潮汐能，核能。1. A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干意為：根據(jù)這篇短文，下列關(guān)于化石燃料下面哪項是正確的？根據(jù)第二段第三句“First, people have to dig them from the ground.”可知，人們必須從地下挖掘化石燃料。故選A。2. D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干意為：從這篇文章中，我們知道潮汐能可以。根據(jù)第三段第三句“But some kinds of tidal energy can kill many fish and other sea animals.”可知潮汐會殺死海洋動物。故選D。3. C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。題干意為：現(xiàn)在許多國家開始更多使用核能是因為。根據(jù)短文最后一段第二、三句“It is cheap. It is also very clean.”和倒數(shù)第二、三句“Also, there have been some very serious accidents in the past which caused great harm both to human and nature. But the technology is much better these days.”可知，現(xiàn)在它便宜、干凈，而且比過去更安全。故選C。4. B【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：這篇短文可能在報紙的 部分。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容可知，文中主要介紹了電能及產(chǎn)生電能的三種方式，可知這是一篇關(guān)于科技的短文。故選B。9