（通用版）2019中考英語二輪復習 動詞講義

動詞學員姓名： 年 級： 輔導科目：英語 學科教師：授課日期授課時段授課主題動詞 教學內(nèi)容課前回顧知識梳理知識點1：動詞I. 動詞的定義： 動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞。 例如： work，工作 , study，學習，eat 吃。 II. 動詞的分類：1) 限定動詞：限定動詞在句中作謂語，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。2) 非限定動詞：有動詞不定式，動名詞和分詞三種。在句中不能單獨作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。3) 實義動詞：有完整的詞義，并能單獨作謂語，實義動詞又可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。例如：study 學習, reach 到達, see 看見, rise 升起。4）連系動詞: 在句中作謂語動詞，后面跟表語。連系動詞有 be, seem, look, become, get, grow, feel。5) 助動詞: 只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)，語態(tài)和語氣等動詞形式。例如：do, shall, will, have, has. 6) 情態(tài)動詞: 表示能力，義務(wù)，必要，猜測等說話人的語氣或情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞只能和動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞。情態(tài)動詞有 can, will, have, be, should, do, would, 等Can/ may/ must用法概覽 情態(tài)動詞許可猜測其他can可以/表能力，“能夠，會”be able tocant不可以不可能表示不能做，能力的缺失may可以可能表祝愿May you be happy!must/一定表義務(wù)，必須have tomustnt不可以，禁止/隨堂練習：1. You _ lose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night. A. may B. need C. should D. ought to 2.For our safety, we _ drive cars after drinking any wines.A) cantB) needntC) shouldntD) mustnt3. Can you speak louder, please? I _ hear you clearly. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't4. Passengers _ stay seated during the take-off and landing.A) canB) mayC) shouldD) must5. Computers _solve many difficult problems quickly.A) can B) must C) need D) should 6. It _ be fantastic if more students join in the charity show tomorrow. A must B need C can D may 關(guān)于問答句Can I?Yes, you can/ may.No, you cant/mustnt.May I?同上Must I?Yes, you must.No, you neednt.= No, you dont have to.隨堂練習：1.-Mum, can you buy me the new iPad after the High School Entrance Examination? - Im afraid I _, dear. We are short of money now. A cant B mustnt C shouldnt D neednt2. -Must we finish the poster in class? -No, you _ . You can finish it after class. AMustnt B. neednt C. shouldnt D. cant關(guān)于need的考點情態(tài)動詞：need do 行為動詞：need to do，need sth.1. Plants and flowers _ water and sun when they start growing. A. need to B. don't need C. needn't D. need2. There is still quite a lot of meat in the fridge, so you _ buy any more.A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. shouldnt3. The weather report says it wont rain this afternoon, so you_take an umbrella with you.A) shouldnt B) mustntC) cantD) neednt隨堂練習：1. Passengers _ stay seated during the take-off and landing.A) canB) mayC) shouldD) must2. Millie _ come to attend your birthday party tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A) may B) must C) need D) has to3. Computers _solve many difficult problems quickly.A) can B) must C) need D) should 4. Some Americans think if students chew gum（咀嚼口香糖）in class, they _ focus on their study. A) may notB) needntC) shouldntD) mustnt5. There is still quite a lot of meat in the fridge, so you _ buy any more. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. shouldnt6. The weather report says it wont rain this afternoon, so you take an umbrella with you.A) shouldnt B) mustntC) cantD) neednt7. Cathy has to do the same thing every day. She _ be very bored with her job. A) can B) need C) should D) must8. The manager says theres no hot water after 8:00p.m. You mean we _ go to bed without a shower. How terrible!A) have to B) mayC) mustD) can9. You _ watch sports news for a while if you have finished your homework.A) mustB) needC) shouldD) may10. On School Open Day, parents _ know how colorful their kids school life is. A) shouldB) canC) must D) need11.For our safety, we _ drive cars after drinking any wines.A) cantB) needntC) shouldntD) mustnt12.Plants and flowers _ water and sun when they start growing. A. need to B. don't need C. needn't D. need13. You have already tried your best, so you _ worry too much about the exams. A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't14. Only you _ do such a thing, I'm sure, and nobody else has such an ability. A. must B. should C. may D. can15. You _ worry about your son. He can take care of himself. A. cant B. may not C. mustnt D. neednt16 -Mum, will you buy me the new iPad after the High School Entrance Examination? - Im afraid I _, dear. We are short of money now. A cant Bmustnt C shouldnt D neednt17. It _ be fantastic if more students join in the charity show tomorrow. A must B need C can D may18. Nowadays even a small personal computer _ store huge amounts of information. A. must B. need C. should D. can19. Every citizen _ try his best to protect our environment. Its our duty. A. need B. must C. can D. may20. -Must we finish the poster in class? -No, you _. You can finish it after class. AMustnt B. neednt C. shouldnt D. cant21. Christy has been in China for two years, but she still _ speak Chinese. A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. shouldn't22. Tom, you mustn't play with fire. You hurt yourself if you don't stop. A. may B. can C. should D. need to23. You _ wash your car at the moment. Its going to rain. A. neednt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. cant24. Can you speak louder, please? I _ hear you clearly. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can'tKeys: DAAAB DDADB DDBDD AADBB BAAD非謂語動詞非謂語動詞有動詞不定式（the Infinitive）；動名詞（the Gerund）；現(xiàn)在分詞（the Present Participle）；過去分詞（the Past Participle）。初中階段需要掌握的主要是動名詞和不定式的固定搭配，及使動用法的詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法差別。固定搭配：1) enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事2) keep /keep on /carry on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事3) feel like doing sth. 想要做某事4) practice doing sth. 練習作某事5) give up doing sth. 放棄作某事6) be good at/ do well in doing sth. 擅長作某事7) pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事8) what about/ how about doing sth.怎么樣(好嗎)?9) Thank you for doing sth. 為感謝某人10) mind doing sth. 介意做某事11) be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 被用來做某事12) spend (in) doing sth. 花時間作某時13) be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于作某事14) finish doing sth. 做完某事15) look forward to doing. 盼望做某事16) prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜歡勝過17) be/get used to doing sth. 習慣于做某事18) keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事省略動詞不定式的短語作賓補1) 一感、兩聽、三讓、四看、半幫助see/ hear/ feel/ notice/watch/ look at /listen to sb. do sth. 看見/聽見/感覺/注意某人作某事I heard her sing in the next room last night. （指事情過程，已經(jīng)發(fā)生過了）I heard her singing in her room when I passed by. （指事情正在發(fā)生）make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/讓某人做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事2) had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事3) Why dont you/ not do sth.為什么不作某事同義詞比較1、stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事2、forget / remember to do sth. 忘記/記得要去作某事 forget / remember doing sth. 忘記/記得曾經(jīng)做過某事3、used to do sth. 過去常常作某事 be used to do sth. 被用來作某事 be used to doing sth. 習慣于作某事4、like /love doing sth. 喜歡做某事，抽象概念 like/love to do sth. 想要做某事，不一定是喜歡5、v. ing 與 v. ed 用法：分詞做表語有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，一種是過去分詞做表語，這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)常考到的地方。一般來說，表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞如excite， interest等都是及物動詞，漢語意思不是“激動”，“高興”，而是“使激動”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動的”、“令人高興的”，過去分詞則是“感到激動的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。換句話說，若人對感興趣，就是somebody is interested in.,若人/物本身有興趣時，就是說sb./sth. is interesting.這類詞常見的有：interesting使人感到高興-interested感到高興的exciting令人激動的-excited感到激動的delighting令人高興的-delighted感到高興的disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人費解的-puzzled感到費解的satisfying令人滿意的-satisfied感到滿意的surprising令人驚異的-surprised感到驚異的worrying令人擔心的-worried感到擔心的Travelling is interesting but tiring旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much如果要學生學得太多，他們會感到糊涂的。The argument is very convincing他的論點很令人信服。They were very excited at the news聽到這個消息，他們非常激動。III. 動詞的基本形式：英語動詞有四種基本形式：動詞原形，過去式，過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。這四種動詞形式和助動詞一起構(gòu)成動詞的時態(tài)，語態(tài)和語氣。 1) 動詞的原形。就是詞典中所給的形式。例如：be, have, buy, sit. 2) 動詞過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成有規(guī)則的和不規(guī)則的兩種形式。規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞，由在原形動詞的后面加詞尾 -ed 構(gòu)成。例如：work - worked - worked. 不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞的形式是不規(guī)則的，須要一一記憶。 例如：go - went - gone, do - did - done.3) 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞由動詞原形加 -ing 構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成方法如下： a）一般情況在動詞原形后加 -ing 。例如：go-going stand-standing b）以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉 e ，再加 -ing. 動詞是閉音節(jié)的單音節(jié)詞，或是以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)詞，而末尾只有一輔音字母時，這個輔音字母須雙寫，然后再加 ing。例如：arrive- arrivingget- getting.c）少數(shù)幾個以 -ie 結(jié)尾的動詞，須將 ie 變成 y ，再加 ing. 例如：die-dying lie-lying。 隨堂練習：中考題1.As we all know, it's not polite to keep others _for a long time. （2011上海中考） A.wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting2.You had better_because you have to drive back home. （2011上海中考） A. not drinking B. not drink C.don't drink D. not to drink3. Before going to the History Museum, our teacher told us _ the public rules. （2010上海中考） A. obey B. to obey C. obeying D. obeyed4. The woman feels that she should let her son _his own decision this time. （2009上海中考） A.makes B.make C.to make D.making5. Susan finally became a popular singer after he practiced _for years. （2009上海中考） A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sang6. Our headmaster asked us _ a report on how to protect wild animals. （2008上海中考） A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote 7.Wed better _ off our mobile phones. The meet will start in a minute. A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned 8. What are you going to do when you finish _the room? A) to clean B)cleaning C)clean D)cleaned9. Well make laws_ our environment.10. A) protected B) protecting C) to protect D) protect10. My little brother hopes the film Dad, Where are We Going, though he has seen it twice.A) to see B) see C) to seeing D) saw11. While in college, Mike never minded extra work for his class. A) to do B) doing C) do D) did12. To live a green life, we try _ more energy and produce less pollution. A. to save B. save C. saves D. saved 13. Mr. White spent about one hour and a half _ the accident report yesterday evening. A. write B. written C. writing D. to write14. Children are often warned _ the fire.   A)  not to play        B) to play            C) dont play           D) doesnt play 15. Wed rather _ some books instead of playing computer games.A) read B) to read C) reading D) reads課堂小結(jié)課后復習1. Linda and her mother are busy_ the necessary things into their suitcases.A) pack B) packing C) packed D) to pack2. Even in the police station, the thief still denied _ the girls wallet from her pocket.A) steal B) stole C) stealing D) to steal3. All of the teachers and students hope _a successful result in the project.A) have B)to have C)have D)having4. All the people were amazed that the girl could keep _ for hours.A) turn B) turning C) to turn D) turned 5. In order to have a good sleep, you should let your body_.A) relax B)relaxes C)to relax D)relaxing6. You had betterwith her about the colour and the size of the furniture.A) discussed B) discussing C) to discussD).discuss7. It is not easy for the Chinese _for a Visa(簽證)to the USA.A. apply B. to apply C. applying D. applied8. Ill invite you to my new flat as soon as I finish _it.A. decorating B. decorate C. to decorate D. decorated9. If I cant finish _my homework now, Ill go on with it after supper.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do10. Nowadays most of the Chinese have decided _ a trip to Malaysia. A. dont take B. not to take C. not take D. wont take 11. During the summer holidays, the girl practised _ the piano for three hours every day.A. play B. plays C. to play D. playing 10