（通用版）2019中考英語二輪復(fù)習 句子類型講義

句子類型學員姓名： 年 級： 輔導科目：英語 學科教師：授課日期授課時段授課主題 句子類型教學內(nèi)容課前回顧：1 檢查作業(yè)，錯題講解（錯題本）2 復(fù)習上節(jié)課知識點（筆記本）3. 詞匯短語默寫知識梳理知識點1：陳述句1. 陳述句： 陳述句是用來陳述一個事實或表達說話人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降調(diào)，句末用句號“.” Tom has a new car. The flower isnt beautiful. 2. 陳述句否定式的構(gòu)成(1) 如果肯定陳述句的謂語部分含有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞be，則只需在這些動詞后加not即可構(gòu)成否定式。         He is playing the guitar.（肯定）         He is not playing the guitar.（否定）         We can get there before dark.（肯定）         We cant get thee before dark.（否定）(2) 如果陳述句的謂語動詞是實義動詞，而其中又沒有情態(tài)動詞或助動詞時，則需根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)在該實義動詞前加dont, doesnt或didnt。同時把該實義動詞變?yōu)樵巍?#160;        He plays the violin well.（肯定）         He doesnt play the violin well.（否定）         She won the game.（肯定）         She didnt win the game.（否定） (3) 如果句子是there be結(jié)構(gòu)或謂語動詞是have（有），除了be和have之后加not之外，句中如果有some要變?yōu)閍ny。例如： There is some water in the cup. There is not any water in the cup. He has some books. He has not any books. (4) 除not以外，否定詞no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可構(gòu)成否定句。例如： There is something wrong with his bike. There is nothing wrong with his bike. I have seen the film. I have never seen the film.知識點2：祈使句      祈使句是用來表示命令、請求、建議、號召等的句子，謂語動詞用原形，句末用感嘆號“！”或句號“.”。朗讀時一般用降調(diào)。1. 肯定的祈使句：（1）祈使句主語是you時，you常省略，但如果要特別強調(diào)對方或表達某種強烈的情緒時可以有主語或稱呼語。          Be quiet.           You be quiet!（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一種強烈的感情或請求，do起強調(diào)作用。          Do come back at once!           Do be careful.（3）please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語氣，但please用在句末時，必須用逗號與其余部分分開。         Open the window, please.（4）Let引導祈使句時，后面需跟上人稱代詞或稱呼語，人稱代詞一般只用第一、第三人稱。         Let Jack wait a minute.          Lets go to school.（5）在祈使句中，Lets和 Let us是有區(qū)別的。Lets包括說話者，而Let us不包括聽話者在內(nèi)。這點從反意疑問句時可明顯看出。        Lets go skating, shall we?（表示內(nèi)部的建議）        Let us try again, will you?（表示向別人發(fā)出請求） 2. 否定祈使句通常以Dont或Never開頭。其結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：“Dont(Never)+動詞原形+其他成分” 例如：     Dont do that again!     Never leave todays work for tomorrow!     Dont be late next time!知識點3：疑問句1. 一般疑問句：   （1）一般疑問句的肯定形式             一般疑問句一般是指以助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、be動詞或have（有）開始，通常要求以yes，或no來回答的疑問句，一般疑問句讀時通常用升調(diào)。         Do you know Mr. Smith?          Can you swim?    （2）一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)        在一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，把副詞not放在一般疑問句的主語之后。但如果用not的簡略形式-nt，則須將-nt與一般疑問句句首的be, have，助動詞或情態(tài)動詞寫在一起。在實際運用中，一般都采用簡略式。         Are you not a football fan?         Arent you a football fan?         Will she not like it?         Wont she like it?        與漢語不同的是，英語一般疑問句否定結(jié)構(gòu)的答語是否定還是肯定，全由答語的否定或肯定來決定。若答語是肯定的，則用yes加肯定結(jié)構(gòu)；若答語是否定的，則用no加否定結(jié)構(gòu)。           Arent you a football fan? 你不是足球迷嗎？ Yes, I am. No, I am not.           Wont she like it?           Yes, she will.         No, she wont. 2. 選擇疑問句：        選擇疑問句是說話者提出兩種或兩種以上的不同情況，讓對方選擇回答的疑問句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問句+選擇部分”。選擇部分由or連接，or前面的部分讀升調(diào)，or后面的部分讀降調(diào)。        選擇疑問句不能用yes或no回答，而必須具體的選擇答復(fù)。        Is your bag yellow or black?  Its black.。        Would you like some tea or coffee?  Either will do.。        Which do you like better, singing or dancing?   I like dancing better.3. 特殊疑問句特殊疑問句由“疑問代詞或疑問副詞+一般疑問句”構(gòu)成，句子一般用倒裝語序，但如果主語是疑問代詞或由疑問代詞修飾時，用陳述句的語序。特殊疑問句不能用yes或no回答，讀時用降調(diào)。例如：Who is on duty today? How long have you been in Beijing?What time do you get up every morning?What must I do now?常用的特殊疑問句詢問內(nèi)容 疑問詞或句型 例    句 回   答 職業(yè)，身份 what What is your father? He is a doctor. 姓名或關(guān)系 who Who is that boy? He is Jack.He is my brother 相貌特征 whatlke? What is she like?What does she look like? She is beautiful. 目的 whatfor? What did they come here for? To attend a meeting. 原因 why Why did they come here? Because they have a meeting to attend. 天氣  how whatlike? How is the weather toay?What is the weater like today? Its fine. 顏色 what color？ What dolor is her skirt? Its red. 服裝尺寸 what size What size does he wear? He wears 40. 幾點鐘what time What time is it? Its 7:30. 星期幾 what day What day is today? Its Tuesdy. 幾號，日期 what is te date? What is the date today? Its May 2. 年齡（多大） how old How old is he? He is 38. 持續(xù)多長時間（多久） how long How long have you been here? For five months. 長度（多長） how long How long is the bridge? Its 500 metres. 距離（多遠） how far How far is t from here to the zoo? Its 6 kilometres. 頻度（多經(jīng)常） how often How often do you come back? Once a week. 時間經(jīng)過（多快） how soon How soon will she arrive? In an week. 數(shù)量（多少） how many（可數(shù)名詞）how much（不可數(shù)名詞） How many jackets doyou have?How much cofee do you want? Three.Two cups. 價格 how much How much is it?How much does it cost? Five dollars. 高度（多高） how tall（人，樹）how high（山，建筑物） How tall is she?How high is the tower? Shes 1.73 metres.Its 450 metres. 鞏固練習I. 單項填空  1. -Excuse me, _ is the nearest bookshop?    -Go down the street and turn left at the second corner.    A. how  B. what  C. where  D. who  2. -_ is it from our school to the Bell Tower?    -About half an hours bus ride. Shall we go and visit it?    A. How long  B. How often  C. How far  D. How much  3. -Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _?    -No. She got up too late.    A. had she  B. hadnt she  C. did she  D. didnt she  4. -The room is so dirty. _ we clean it?    -Of course.    A. Will  B. Would  C. Do  D. Shall  5. -_, sir?    -Size 41, I think    A. What size do you need  B. What can I do for you    C. How do you like this shirt  D. Whats the matter with you  6. -_ good weather! Why not go out for a walk?    A. What  B. How  C. What a  D. How a  7. -Its a nice car. _ have you been in it?    -Just to Shanghai.    A. How much  B. How long  C. How soon  D. How far  8. -_ to the United States?    -No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.    A. Have you been     B. Have you gone C. Did you go        D. Will you go  9. -_ were you away from school last year?    -About two weeks.    A. How often  B. How soon  C. How long  D. When  10. -_ do you want?     -I want a CD of popular songs.     A. Which CD           B. How many CDs C. What CD            D. How much  11. _ is your mother, a teacher or a doctor?     A. What  B. Which  C. Who  D. whose  12. -_ is your mother today, Jim?     -She is much better.     A. How  B. What  C. Where  D. How old  13. -_he _ at this school last term?     -Yes, I think so.     A. Didstudy      B. Doesstudy C. Wasstudy      D. Didstudied  14. -_ did you begin to learn English?     -Three years ago.     A. When  B. Why  C. Where  D. What  15. -_ do you write to your pen-friend?     -Once a week.     A. How long  B. How soon  C. How far  D. How often  16. _ nice flowers! Where did you pick them?     A. How   B. What  C. What a  D. How a  17. The sick mans allowed to take a walk in the garden every day, _?     A. is he  B. isnt he  C. has he  D. hasnt he  18.  _ cross the road before the traffic lights turn green.     A. Not  B. Wont  C. Dont  D. Doesnt  19. He found nothing in the room, _?     A. doesnt he          B. does he C. didnt he           D. did he  20. You havent changed your mind, _?     A. do you             B. are you C. have you           D. did you 1.C 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.CII. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換（按要求改寫下列句子）1. Bruce bought a dictionary yesterday. (改為否定句)  Bruce _ _ a dictionary yesterday.2. Mr. Smith does morning exercises every day. (改為一般疑問句)  _ Mr. Smith _ morning exercises every day?3. Allan will go back to England by plane next month. (就劃線部分提問)  _ _ Allan go back to England next month?4. There are some apples on the table. (改為否定句)  There _ _ apples on the table.5. When she sees you, she will tell you the news(就劃線部分提問)  _ _ she tell you the news?6. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改寫為否定句)  Uncle Wang _ _ making things.7. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. (改為一般疑問句)  _ Ann _ the book to the library yesterday?8. Our city is very beautiful. (改為感嘆句)  _ _ our city is!9. He has worked in this school for five years. (就劃線部分提問)  _ _ has he worked in this school?10. Both of them are my best friends. (改為否定句)   _ of them _ my best friend.11. They are happy to see each other. (改為感嘆句)   _ _ they are to see each other!12. The exam begins at nine. (改為一般疑問句)   _ the exam _ at nine?13. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon. (就劃線部分提問)   _ _ he _ at four yesterday afternoon?14. He had nothing for breakfast. (改為反意疑問句)   He had nothing for breakfast _ _?15. She doesnt think I can surf on the Internet. (改反意疑問句)   She doesnt think I can surf on the Internet, _ _?16. Hes put the tree in the hole? (改為一般疑問句)   _ he _ the tree in the hole?17. How useful the book is! (改為陳述句)   It is _ _ useful book.18. The population of Australia is about 19,500,000. (就劃線部分提問)   _ _ population of Australia?19. The meeting will start in ten minutes. (就劃線部分提問)   _ _ will the meeting start?20. Dont tell him to come to my office. (改為肯定的祈使句)  _ _ to come to my office.1. didnt buy 2.Does; do 3.How will 4.arent any 5.When will 6.doesnt like 7.Did; return 8.How beautiful 9.How long 10.Neither; is 11. How happy 12.Does; begin 13.What was; doing 14.did he 15. does she 16.Has; put 17.such a 18.Whats the 19.How soon 20.Tell him歸納總結(jié)1. 陳述句2. 祈使句3. 疑問句課后復(fù)習1.錯題整理整理5道錯題2.回家作業(yè) 10