動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài) (2)

動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)專題復習 Name_一般時一 一般現(xiàn)在時 結(jié)構(gòu)：_1. 描述當前時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)、反復發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時間狀語：always , everyday , often , once a week (month/ year .) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等1)She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. 2) She_ home for school at 7 every morning. ( leave) 3) After lunch,they usually _ on the school field. ( play)2. _用一般現(xiàn)在時1) The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動。2) Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。3) Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。   4) Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。3表當前_ _ The cloth washes well。   Ann writes good English but does not speak well. We must be careful. Cotton _(catch) fire easily.4. 當事情按時刻表發(fā)生時，一些位移動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時表示_。常見的動詞有：arrive/begin/come/close/ depart/ end/ go /leave /open /return /sail /start /stop等。 The train_ at 10:05 a.m. (leave)The plane from Hainan_ at 6 p.m. (arrive)5. 在時間，條件或讓步狀語從句中， 一般現(xiàn)在時表_, 即_原則 1) I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 2) If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 3）. When they_（come）, they _（tell） you something important.二 一般過去時 結(jié)構(gòu)：_1. 描述在過去某個時候發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)(與現(xiàn)在無關)。時間狀語有：last night (week , month , year , century .) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago 等等。1) He _ his driving license last month. ( get)2) Where _ you _ just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？(go) 2. 它也可以用來表示在過去某段時間里經(jīng)常發(fā)生的_動作。 1) When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 2) He used to act like that. 三 一般將來時 結(jié)構(gòu): _ _ _ _1. shall / will + 動詞原形，它沒有主觀性，是"純粹的將來動作"。will還可表臨時決定，例如：1) I shall / will not be free tomorrow . 2) He will arrive here this evening .3) -Someone is knocking at the door.-I _go to open the door.2. _ a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3. _按計劃安排要發(fā)生的動作； 要求或命令他人做某事。1) The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 2) You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room . 4. _ 馬上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. I am about to go out when the telephone rings.注意： be about to do. when.5. 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來 1）下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, close, depart, end,open,sail , stop的一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來，主要用來表示_的事情。The train _ at six tomorrow morning.( leave) When does the bus start? It_ in ten minutes. (start)The plane_ off at 11:00 a.m. (take) 2）起始和位移動詞用_表示將來 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, close, depart, end,open,sail , stop I'm leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。 _ you _ here till next week? (stay)你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？ Mr. Reider _ for New York next week. (leave)3）在時間，條件或讓步狀語從句中， 一般現(xiàn)在時表_, 即_原則 When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case （that）, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately 1) I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 2) If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 3) When Bill _, ask him to wait for me. (come)4) I_ to you as soon as I _ there. ( write arrive)4） 以here, there等開始的倒裝句，表示動作正在進行。例如： There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。進行時一 現(xiàn)在進行時 結(jié)構(gòu)：_1 _正在發(fā)生的動作(now,at this moment,at this time)。They are having a football match .Someone is asking for you on the phone. 2 _發(fā)生的動作1)He is preparing for CET Band Six. 2)Those Americans are learning Chinese in Beijing.3) Mr. Green is writing another novel.3 表示說話人的情感，如：贊許、批評；喜歡、厭惡等,常與always，constantly連用。You are always changing your mind. （表示_）He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示_）One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示_）Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .（表_）4. 起始和位移動詞用_表示將來 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, close, depart, end,open,sail , stop, , -see , have , lunch( 吃午飯 ) , return, dine ( 進餐，尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , 等。 Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？ Mr. Reider is leaving for New York next week. 5. 表漸進過程 get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬間動詞die等。例如：1.Its getting cold. 2. Shes finding that chemistry is much more difficult than physics.二 過去進行時 結(jié)構(gòu)：_1） 表示在過去某時刻正在進行的動作，例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.2) 過去進行時可用于描述背景，表示_.也可稱為_. a. My brother _ while he_ his bicycle and hurt himself. （ fallride ） b. It _ when they _ the station. （ rain leave ） c. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun _我到達山頂時，陽光燦爛。1. Did you notice our head teacher just now? No, I _ of something else.A. was thinking B. thought C. had thought D. have thought 三 將來進行時結(jié)構(gòu)：_1. 在將來某時候正在進行的動作例如：They will be visiting Beijing this time tomorrow. What will you be doing tomorrow morning? 2. 預計、安排即將發(fā)生或勢必發(fā)生的動作。We shall be meeting at the school gate .When you get to the station at nine tomorrow, your uncle_(wait) for you there.綜合練習（現(xiàn)在/過去/將來進行時）1. The students_ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, left B. were writing, left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left2. At this time tomorrow _over the Atlantic.A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly 3. I didn't like my aunt, who without warning and bringing us presents. A. always turned up B. has always turned up C. was always turned up D. was always turning up4. Tom _ into the house when no one_.A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. was slipped; had looked D. was slipped ; had looked5. The last time I _ Jane, she _ cotton in the fields.A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked C. has seen; picked D. saw; was picking7. -Has Sam finished his homework today?- I have no idea. He _ it this morning.A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done8.By the way ,have you moved into the new house?Not yet. The walls A.are being painted B.were painted C.are painted D.are painting9. Has Sam his homework today?I have no idea. He it this morning. A.did B.has done C.was doing D.had done10. If we had set off early in the morning yesterday, we over the Pacific Ocean this time tomorrow afternoon.A.would have flown B.will be flying C.had flown D.will be flown完成時一 現(xiàn)在完成時 結(jié)構(gòu)：_1. 未完成用法,表示動作或狀態(tài)始于過去，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能繼續(xù)發(fā)展, 也可能剛剛結(jié)束。He has been in the army for ten years. I have studied English since 1980.注意：a.這類動詞必須為延續(xù)性動詞。 b.常與表示時間段的時間狀語連用：since,for,in the past few years,so far, up to now，by now,all one's life.2. 完成性用法，表示動作或狀態(tài)到說話時已結(jié)束，但強調(diào)結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響 注意：a常與非延續(xù)性動詞連用 b.常與already, yet, once, twice, just, ever, never連用 He has gone to Shanghai.（結(jié)果：他已不在這兒，He is not here now.） He went to Shanghai. (只強調(diào)去這個動作發(fā)生在過去)3. 反復性用法，表示過去到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)反復發(fā)生的動作。I have been to the city twice this week.4. 一般現(xiàn)在時代替現(xiàn)在完成時 有些動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時，如hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如：  I hear （= have heard） he will go to London. 我聽說了他將去倫敦。   I forget （=have forgotten） how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。Practice:1. Through programmes like these, the WFP _(help) more than one billion people since it _(set up). 2. Since the disease _(discover)in the 1980s, it _ (become)a serious problem in many places, infecting over 60 million people worldwide.3. My friend, who_on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served 二 過去完成時 結(jié)構(gòu)：_解題的關鍵：以_時為基礎。1.Kim hadnt learned any English before she came to China.2. The meeting had already begun when they arrived.3. I told him that we had known each other for many years.4. The house was dirty because they hadnt cleaned it for weeks.5. After they had eaten all the food, they cleared off the table.6. He said he had taught in that school since 1980.1.表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時間以前開始一直延續(xù)到過去某一時間，常與延續(xù)性動詞連用，并常帶有for, since, by, when, until等時間狀語。如：I had stayed in Beijing for three years by then.Until then he had known nothing about it.The boy told his mother that he had been ill since he came back from the school.By ten oclock we had alrealdy done half of the work.2. 表示動作在過去某一時間前結(jié)束，通常與非延續(xù)性動詞連用。如：When they got to the field, the football match had already started.He had learned two hundred English words by the end of last term.3. 表示在過去某時間以前反復發(fā)生的動作或出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，常與頻度狀語連用。如：He said he had seen the film twice.4. 表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖，常與hope, intend, mean, expect, think, want, suppose等動詞連用。如：I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being seen, but that morning the room was quiet and orderly. We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.Practice:1.His wife _ to catch the first train but she was too late.A.hoping B. had hoped C.has hoped D.would hope2. Mary mentioned that the dog _ her daughter more than once.A. had attacked B. attacks C. has attacked D. would attack 3.-Why didn't you come to the party? -I_ to come, but one of my friends came to see me just then.A. wanted B. was wanting C. had wanted D. had been wanted4.-Did you meet John here at the university? -No, we_ when I started college.A.have already met B.already met C. would meet D. had already met5.Class _ by the time I _ there, so I took a seat in the back.A.has begun, get B. had begun, got C. began, got D. begins, get三 將來完成時 結(jié)構(gòu)：_表示在未來某一時間會業(yè)已完成的動作。By this time next year he will have graduated from college. I hope that I will have finished this article before you come tomorrow.By the end of November I will/ shall have accomplished the composition of this book.Practice:By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left四 現(xiàn)在完成進行時 結(jié)構(gòu)：_表示發(fā)生在過去的某個動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛完成，或許還要繼續(xù)延續(xù)；這種時態(tài)側(cè)重于這個動作的連續(xù)性，或者說不間斷性。當謂語動詞是be時，用現(xiàn)在完成時就可以表示現(xiàn)在完成進行時。I've been waiting for you for the whole morning. It has been raining for 3 days.1. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she_ English for a year. A.studies B.studied C. is studying D. has been studying五 過去將來時 結(jié)構(gòu)：_用法：表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)1 賓語從句或間接引語中；When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 2 表示過去習慣性的動作 Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. would +V還可表示過去的習慣動作，同used to。When we were children, we would/used to go swimming every summer.Practice:1.-Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor.A. had B. would C. was going to D. did2.This morning Alice _ out _ the door opened and in came some strangers.A.was just about to go; while B.went ; whenC.was going ; while D. was just about to go; when3.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon.A. leaves B.would leave C.left D.had left特殊句型中的時態(tài)1. It / This / That is + 最高級 + n. + 定語從句（完成時）” Eg: Mr. Zhang is the kindest teacher that I have ever met.這是我吃過的最美味的食物。_2. “It / This / That is/was the first / second / third. time + that從句(現(xiàn)在/過去完成時)” Eg: This is the first time that I have come here.這是我第二次參觀這所大學。_3. It is time + 主語 + 過去式 （該是.的時候了）Eg: It is time the government took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.Eg: It is time the government to solve the traffic problems.是該起床的時候了。_4. It is / has been + 一段時間 + since從句(過去時)” It is/has been two weeks since we last met.我已經(jīng)很久沒玩得這么高興了。_5. 主語 + was / were + doing. when從句(過去時)She was picking cotton in the field when I saw her.6. 主語 + was / were about to do. when從句(過去時)主語 + was / were on the point of doing. when從句(過去時) I was about to go out when the bell rang._7. Hardly / Scarcely had + 主語 + 過去分詞. + when從句(過去時) No sooner had + 主語 + 過去分詞. + than從句(過去時)Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down._8. “It be 一段時間 before從句” It will be two years before he comes back from abroad. It was some time before we realized the truth. （2005年山東卷） 9. “祈使句/名詞短語+ and / or / otherwise + 陳述句（將來時）Use your head and youll find a way. Stop smoking otherwise youll be in poor health. A few years more and well fulfill our dream of going to college. 1. I_along the street looking for a place to park when the accident_ . (06安徽卷)A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occu 2. Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 3. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _a good drink. A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying 4. I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he_on it for more than an hour. (2006湖北卷) A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked 5. No sooner _ to the office than she got down to writing the reportA. has she got B. did she get C. does she get D. had she go 被動語態(tài)主動變被動My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. An interesting book _(by my friend)on my birthday.I _ an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.The boss made him work all day long.He _ work all day long(by the boss)We often hear him play the guitar. He _ often_ play the guitar. 主動變被動時，賓補成主補（位置不變）；（作補語的）不定式前需加_。類似make ,hear 的動詞還有see, watch,_等.短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時，勿要掉“尾巴”。She took good care of her children.The children _ (by her).You should pay attention to your pronunciation and spelling.Your pronunciation and spelling _.Attention _ your pronunciation and spelling. 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be + 過去分詞， get / become + 過去分詞表示。基本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài)。強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(tài)（by短語有時可以省略）。Exercises:1. In some parts of the world, tea _ (serve) with milk and sugar.2. The boy whom you lent the bike to _ (hit) by a car.3. Lincoln _ (think of) as a friend of freedom.4. The teacher told us that the attraction of the earth for all bodies _ (call) gravity.5. He was so careless as to _ (run over) yesterday.注意所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中，如rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie，run out, take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。 1) When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 2) After the earthquake, few houses remained. 3) -The English exam is not difficult, is it? - Even Jane belonging to the top students failed in it.主動表被動系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain, appear, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep形容詞/名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 -Do you like the material? -Yes, it feels very soft. The food tastes delicious/good/tasty. The pop music sounds beautiful. The water _ cold when I jumped into the pool for morning exercises.（06 全國） A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當它們和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，常見的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook, cut, draw, drive, open, wear, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink 等。如： The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。 The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。 The pen writes smoothly. 這支筆寫字很流暢。 The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. (07 全國) A. sold B. had been sold out C. were sold D. would sellwant, require, need, be worth后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。 On top of the world hunger, some environmental problems human activities have contributed to _. A. needing solving B. need solving C. needing to be solved D. need to solve在“be + 形容詞 + to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動表被動。This kind of water isnt fit to drink. The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame(受譴責)，be to rent（出租）也用主動形式表被動。Exercises:1、The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _ to arrive. A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected 2、No decision about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made C. is being made D. has been made 3、Population experts predict that most people _ in cities in the near future A. live B. would live C. will live D. have lived 4、Officials say that few patients _with the virus owing to the effective prevention A. infected B. are infected C. have infected D. be infected 5、In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit. A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run 6、He_as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics. A. regarded B. was regarded C. has regarded D. had been regarded 7、-Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? -Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played 8、I like these English songs and they _many times on the radio. A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught 9、-Whats that noise? -Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _. A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested 10、Do you have any problems if you_this jo