2018年中考英語真題分類匯編 題型6 短文填空 專項訓練三 首字母填空（含解析）

時間：1012分鐘/篇分值：1分/小題Passage 1(2018武漢)Henry was a kind, good boy. His father was dead, and his mother was very poor. He had a little sister about 2 years old. He wanted to help his mother because she could not 1.a_ earn(掙) enough money to buy food for his little family.One day a man gave him a dollar for 2.r_ the pocketbook which he had lost. Henry could have kept the pocketbook because no one saw him when he found it. But his mother had taught him to be 3.h_， and never to keep what did not belong to him. So he gave the pocketbook back to the man.With the dollar he bought a box, three 4.b_ and some shoe polish(鞋油). He then went to the 5.c_ of the street, and said to everyone whose boots did not look 6.n_. “Polish your boots, please？” He was so 7.p_ that gentlemen soon began to notice him, and to let him polish their boots. The first day he 8.c_ over 50 cents, which he gave to his mother to buy food with. When he gave her the money, she cried with joy and said, “You are a 9.d_， good boy, Henry. I didn't know how I could earn enough to buy bread, but now I think we can 10.m_ to get along quite well.”Henry worked after school every day. He earned almost enough to support his mother and his little sister.Passage 2(2018呼和浩特)Many years ago, in a small village, an old man was hired(雇傭) to clear the spring(泉水) up on the mountain. He took care of the spring every day, and 1.s_ away all the leaves and other things 2.t_ would make the water dirty. Soon, beautiful swans(天鵝) came to the clear spring, and the village became a popular attraction for visitors.Years passed. One evening the town leaders held a meeting. As they looked at the salary list, one of them said, “Why do we keep this old man 3.o_ year after year? I don't think we need him or his work.”Later, the old man was 4.t_ to leave.For several weeks, something changed. When early 5.a_ came, the leaves began to fall off the trees, and the spring was covered with leaves. A few days later, the water was much darker. Only a few months 6.a_ the man left, all the swans left. And the 7.t_ didn't come, either.Then they 8.r_ their mistake and rehired the old man. A few weeks later, the spring began to clear up. Soon new life 9.r_ to the village.So, my friends, do you see? No matter how small your work seems to be, 10.n_ look down upon it. Anything that we can do will make a difference.Passage 3(2018東營)FAITHFUL(忠誠的) TO DEATHSome time ago, a fire broke out (爆發(fā)) in a building late at night. Nearly all the families were 1.s_ inside the house. After the firemen came, they rushed into the burning building and saved the people to the safe 2.p_The crowds thought 3.a_the people were safe. But it was not so. Two little orphan(孤兒) girls were still asleep alone at the very top of the building, in a small room. 4.N_ thought of them. Luckily, they lived with a dog. The dog tried to wake them up, but 5.f_. He ran to the window and barked(吠叫) loudly for help. 6.B_ no one noticed him. Then he climbed down the ladder(梯子) and tried to pull a fireman to the ladder. The fireman kicked him away, thinking he was mad. Then the dog ran to 7.a_ fireman, jumped on him, ran to the ladder, barking all the time and looking back as if he was asking the fireman to follow him.This fireman realized there must be someone in the little room, as the dog was acting so strangely. So he followed the dog 8.u_ the ladder, there he saw the two girls and saved them.Where was the 9.d_？ A brave fireman rushed into the room to look for him and found him lying near the window, choked(窒息) with smoke. He brought him down with care, but he was already 10.d_. He had given his life for his friends. What a faithful friend!Passage 4(2018泰州)We all need exercise. Exercise uses up food that we eat and keeps the body full of 1.e_. Exercise makes your heart and muscles(肌肉) strong. Exercise also makes you feel relaxed. If you exercise several times a week, you will stay happy and 2.h_. There are many 3.w_to exercise. You can walk, run, play sports or swim.4H_， most people cannot do this. It is too far from their homes to their offices. They have no 5.c_ but to drive to work. First, these people don't have a chance to exercise because they are sitting in their cars for two to four hours each day. Second, driving is challenging, 6.e_ in rush hours, and needs too much attention. It makes a person 7.t_ out. When these people arrive home after work, they don't want to take exercise.Some western countries, such as the United States, have problems with exercise. Many people don't have enough exercise. They have to work from morning till 8.n_， so they don't have time to take exercise.Today, many people in the West are fat, which causes health problems. Doctors say exercise can help people both lose 9.w_ and improve their health. So many people are trying to get more exercise. But it takes time to change, and when people don't see a 10.d_ right away, they will lose heart and stop exercising.Passage 5(2018攀枝花)Reading newspapers has become an important part of everyday life. Some 1.p_ read newspapers as the first thing to do in the morning; others read newspapers as soon as they have free time during the day so that they can learn what is 2.h_ in the world.Sometimes, we do not have enough time to read all the news 3.c_， so we just take a quick look at the front page. At other times, we may be so busy 4.t_ we only have a few minutes to look at the names of the passages.Newspapers can be 5.f_ everywhere in the world. We can get many different kinds of newspapers in big cities, but in some mountain villages we can see 6.f_ newspapers.Some newspapers are published(出版) once a week, 7.b_ most of the papers are published once a day with many pages, some even published twice a day! You know different people enjoy reading different newspapers. Some like world news, and others prefer short stories. They just choose what they are 8.i_ in.Today newspapers in English have the largest number of 9.r_ in the world. The English language is popular, and 10.m_ Chinese students are reading English newspapers such as China Daily and 21st Century. They bring us more and more messages together with the Internet.Passage 6(2018鹽城)“Make­A­Wish” is one of the world's most well­known charities. It makes wishes come true for children who have 1.s_ illnesses. It gives them hope and helps them forget about their 2.h_ problems.It 3.s_ in 1980 in Phoenix, Arizona. Christopher was a 7­year­old boy who was very sick. He always dreamed of becoming a 4.p_ to fly in the sky. They gave Christopher a tour of the city in a police helicopter(直升飛機)and 5.b_ a space helmet for him.There are four kinds of wishes children usually have：I wish to go. Children usually want to visit some 6.p_of interest, like the Statue of Liberty.I wish to meet. Children sometimes want to meet their 7.f_ film stars or sports players.I wish to be. Some children wish to become doctors to help people who don't have money for 8.m_ treatment.I wish to have. Some children want to have a computer, a bike or many other things. 9.L_ for them, they can get what they want from the charity.Let's hope more wishes will come true in the 10.f_. People who work in the charity always try for the best. Will you be one of them?Passage 7(2018揚州)When Italian traveller Marco Polo came to Yangzhou in the 13th century, he recorded his amazing observations in his bestselling book The Travels of Marco Polo. For over 700 years, it 1.n_ went out of print. Hollywood Filmmaker Chris Nebe follows in the footsteps of Marco Polo to explore China's mystery. He has 2.c_ twelve documentaries of Mysterious China series, including Yangzhou: A City of Timeless Culture. This 30­minute documentary takes a close look at the beauty and 3.c_ of Yangzhou.To live, humans and all warm­blooded animals must have salt. In ancient time, salt was used as money and had the values as 4.g_. Close to the seasalt­rich Yellow Sea, Yangzhou has been one of the 5.r_ cities in China because of its lively trade in salt, silk and grain. The surviving mansions and gardens of wealthy salt businessmen are witnesses of Yangzhou's great history. 6.L_ a beautiful necklace, Yangzhou Slender West Lake lovingly embraces (擁抱) the city. It has been a memorizing attraction for visitors from afar, showing the lasting 7.s_ of Yangzhoupeace and harmony (和諧)The government has tried 8.i_ best to protect the Old Town of the 2500­year­old city. The area has become a great tourist attraction. At night, the streets turn into a mysterious land. Here delicious snacks and treasured souvenirs 9.w_ to be discovered.The ancient art of Chinese handicrafts is celebrated in Yangzhou. Favourites among them are paper­cutting. Yangzhou's 10.e_ to continue the art form include China Paper­cutting Museum and tourists can enjoy masters' show on paper­cutting there.Want to learn more? Why not watch the documentary in your spare time?Passage 8(2018天津)If you pay a visit to Liu Hasheng's restaurant in Harbin, you will find 18 robots there. They are ready to serve you and make sure that your dining 1.e_ is perfect. After the visit, you can tell others that robots serving customers isn't a dream any more.It's wonderful to see 2.h_ the 18 robots work in the restaurant. The wonder 3.s_ when you walk in. You'll see a robot come up and say, “Earth person, hello! Welcome to the Robot Restaurant.” When you have ordered your 4.m_， the robots in the kitchen begin to do the cooking. After the food is 5.p_， a robot waiter will glide(滑行) out of the kitchen to serve you with the meal you've ordered. And as customers enjoy their 6.d_ food, a robot sings lovely songs for them.You may ask, “Where did all these robots come from？” Liu said they were designed(設計) and 7.m_ by the Harbin Haohai Robot Company. Liu said he invested(投資) 5 million yuan in the restaurant, with each robot costing 200，000 yuan to 300，000 yuan. And the 8.w_ robot team is managed by the workers in the computer room.After a busy day, all the robots will go for a meal， which is 9.e_. After 5 hours, the robots can continue their work for a day. The restaurant now provides a menu with more than 30 dishes(菜肴), and the average(平均) cost for a dinner is 10.a_ 40 to 50 yuan. Do you want to go and have a try in this restaurant? Passage 9(2018德州)What Would You Do?What Would You Do? is a TV programme on American ABC. The programme is started by the news reporter John Quinones. He said, “It is popular with many peopleboth the 1.y_ and the old. It tests what people will do 2.w_ they see someone in trouble. We use hidden cameras to record what will 3.h_. Its purpose is to tell us to help people in need.”Here is last week's programme.In a cake shop, one actor acted as a blind woman named Pamela and the 4.o_acted as the shop worker of the cake shop. The shop worker looked down upon(瞧不起) the blind. So when the blind woman came into the shop and 5.b_a box of cakes, the shop worker cheated(欺騙)her when he gave her the change(零錢). He 6.o_gave her 6 dollars instead of 34 dollars.Would someone be brave enough to 7.h_the blind woman? Yes! A woman customer stopped the shop worker 8.f_ cheating the blind. Seeing this, several other customers joined in too and asked the shop worker to return the rest(剩余的) 9.m_ to the blind woman.At this time, John Quinones appeared and explained that he was recording a programme 10.c_ What would you do？. Then he interviewed the first customer who said that it was necessary to give a hand to the people in need.A psychologist(心理學家)said，“It's difficult to take the first step to stand up. It needs courage.”Passage 10(2018襄陽)I packed, and was ready to leave for my two­day trip. I had been busy with my work. I had made 1.p_ for the trip for the last few days, and I expected to get 2.r_ for several days.As I got into the car to leave, my mind flew to my kids.How to keep in touch with your kids when you're busy or far away is a dilemma(兩難的問題) many fathers have. Men like to focus special attention on one thing for a long 3.p_， but this can lead to trouble. Moving from work to family isn't always an easy thing. And if you don't 4.s_ your kids that you're thinking about them, they may think that you don't care.As I started down the road, I suddenly stopped to 5.t_ back to my house and wrote a short message on a 6.c_ of cards to each of my children. I put each in a “secret” place where I knew they'd find it.When I called the next night, they both said 7.e_， “Daddy, I got your card. When did you do that？”I was moved when I heard these words. What I had never thought was that a small thing had a big influence on my kids. It proved(證明) that they were in my heart. And distance(距離) couldn't 8.s_ them from their father. To my satisfaction, they feel “l(fā)ove” of their father. This 9.v_ experience encouraged me to continue to do the small things to be a responsible father.As fathers get much busier and have to work longer hours, they usually pay 10.l_ attention to the small things. Don't miss the good chances to let your kids see how important they are.Take a moment to do a small thing for your kids. It won't 11.s_ small to them.Passage 11(2018鎮(zhèn)江)When you have dinner, you follow table manners. When you have a 1.l_， you obey the rules in the classroom. But have you ever thought about needing to 2.m_ your manners in the digital(數(shù)碼的) world when you use phones, e­mails and social media, like QQ, WeChat, etc?As new research by Oxford University noted, “It's just important to treat people with respect online as it is in real life.” The study came up with some rules of good manners to live by in the digital age. Their first 3.a_ is not “over­sharing” on social media, which means not posting every detail about your life online, because some of us are not creative 4.e_ to always show off our thoughts and lives on social media. The manners also 5.i_ not looking through others' phones and not gossiping (說閑話) about others over messages, 6.e_ when you choose “reply all” to send a message to a group of people.Although gossip is not 7.h_ chat that can make conversations exciting, it can also be a way to spread something untrue about other people. Gossip can be even stronger on social media than in real life, so it's 8.b_ not to gossip.Moreover, when you have bad news for someone, do not leave text messages on social media, chat with him or her by 9.c_ or sending personal messages.Nowadays technology has 10.o_ us different ways to contact others. It is important to remember how to behave toward others online.Passage 12(2018上海)The Young Person's Rail­card is very popular in Britain now. It gives young people the chance to buy 1.c_ train tickets across the country. Just imagine, it could take you to festivals, to see friends, or to London for a weekend break, at a lower price.Who can apply?Anyone between 16 and 25 years of age. You will need to provide something to 2.p_ that you are under 26.For this, only your ID card, driving licence, passport or medical card will be acceptable.Or, if you are an adult student 3.o_ 25 years old but receiving formal education, you can also apply. You will need to get your teacher to sign the application form(申請表). Formal education' refers to studies of more than 15 hours per week for at least 20 weeks a year in college.Then take your completed application form with a recent 4.p_ of yourself, 28 and other materials needed to any main railway station or student travel office to apply for the card.How to use your rail­card?You can use it any timeweekends, holidays or during the week. Please ask at your local station or contact a railway travel agent for more 5.i_If a rail­card does not have the user's name signed, it will be considered invalid(無效的). No one else may use either your rail­card or any tickets bought with it. You will be required to pay the 6.f_ price of the ticket if you are unable to show your own rail­card with the ticket for a check during a journey.Tickets at reduced prices are not available for first­class travels or for travels 7.a_， such as to France or Germany. Passengers will be asked to buy regular­priced tickets if they want to use these services.專項訓練三 首字母填空Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了亨利在父親去世后，通過為人們刷靴子掙錢來幫助母親維持家庭的開銷。1. always【解析】句意：他想幫助他媽媽因為她不能掙足夠的錢為她的小家庭買食物。根據前兩句可知他媽媽總是不能掙到錢來養(yǎng)活他們的小家庭。結合首字母a可知應填always。2. returning 【解析】句意：一天，一個男人給了他一美元因為亨利他丟失的錢包。根據后半句“a pocketbook which he had lost”推知是因為歸還了這個人的錢包，這個人才給了他一美元，結合所給首字母r可推知return符合語境，再由空前的介詞for可知應填returning。3. honest 【解析】句意：但是他媽媽教他要。根據后句“ .and never to keep what did not belong to him.”可知此處句意指的是做人要誠實，根據空前的be可推知應填形容詞honest。4. brushes【解析】句意：用這一美元他買了一個盒子，三個和一些鞋油。根據后句中“.said to everyone whose boots did not look 6.n.”可知他開始給別人擦鞋來掙錢。擦鞋應有刷子，結合所給首字母b以及空格前three可判斷此處應填brushes。5. corner【解析】 句意：然后他走到一條街的，并對那些靴子看起來不。結合所給首字母c可判斷街道的角落符合語境。故應填corner。6. nice 【解析】句意：并對那些靴子看起來不的人說，“請問，擦鞋嗎？”根據常識可知只有別人的鞋臟了才會擦。根據空格前l(fā)ook可知此處應填入形容詞。結合所給首字母n可知應填nice。7. polite【解析】句意：他很以至于紳士們很快開始注意到他，并讓他來擦他們的靴子。根據前句“Polish your boots, please？”可知這個男孩很有禮貌，根據首字母p以及was可知此空應填一個形容詞，故填polite。8. collected【解析】句意：第一天他超過50美分。根據下文可知空格處表示他賺的錢超過50美分。分析句子結構可知此處缺少謂語動詞。結合所給首字母c可知collect符合語境。根據上下句可知應用一般過去時，故填collected。9. dear【解析】句意：你是一個好男孩，亨利。由上文中這個男孩把他擦鞋賺來的錢給了他媽媽，可知他媽媽很感動。這句話應該是媽媽夸獎他的話，結合所給首字母d可知dear符合語境。 10. manage【解析】句意：我不知道如何賺足夠的錢來買面包，但是現(xiàn)在我認為我們很好地過活。根據前半句“I didn't know how I could earn enough to buy bread.”可知，媽媽一直在為家庭生計擔憂，推測該句句意：兒子可以幫著掙錢后，全家可以過得好。結合所給首字母可知此處表示能努力生活得好。manage to do sth. 設法做成某事。故填manage。Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了一位老人看護泉水，并每天打掃衛(wèi)生，優(yōu)美的環(huán)境吸引了大批的天鵝和其他鳥類以及旅游的人，后來當?shù)仡I導認為他沒有用了就辭退了他，結果環(huán)境變差，鳥兒和游客都不來了，老人又被返聘回來。故事告訴我們：無論你的工作多么渺小，永遠不要看不起它。1. swept【解析】句意：他每天照看泉水，并所有的樹葉。根據and表并列可知，此處缺少動詞。聯(lián)系下文，清澈的泉水引來美麗的天鵝，可知老人每天清除所有的樹葉， sweep away意為“清除”，結合前半句為一般過去時，可知此處也應用一般過去時，再根據首字母提示可知填swept。2. that【解析】句意：他每天照看泉水，并清除所有的樹葉和其他使水變臟的東西。分析句子結構可知，此處缺少關系代詞。修飾先行詞things的定語從句應由that或which引導，再聯(lián)系首字母提示可知填that。3. on【解析】句意：為什么我們讓這位老人一年又一年一直工作？keep.on意為“繼續(xù)”，再根據首字母提示可知填on。4. told【解析】句意：后來，老人被離開了。聯(lián)系上文，可知本句表示老人被迫離開了，根據空前的was可知用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，再根據首字母提示可知填tell的過去分詞told。5. autumn【解析】句意：當早來臨，樹葉開始掉落。分析句子結構可知，此處缺少名詞。根據句意并結合常識，秋天樹葉開始落下，再根據首字母提示可知填autumn。6. after【解析】句意：老人離開僅僅幾個月，所有的天鵝都飛走了。分析句意并聯(lián)系上文可知，老人走后幾個月，事情都改變了，天鵝都走了，再根據首字母提示可知填after。7. tourists【解析】句意：并且也不來了。分析句子結構可知，此處缺少名詞作主語。分析句意并聯(lián)系上文可知環(huán)境變得不盡人意，游客也不來了，再根據首字母提示可知填tourists。8. realized/realised【解析】句意：后來他們錯誤，又重新聘用老人。分析句子結構可知，此處缺少動詞作謂語。根據句意可知他們意識到了錯誤，又重新聘用老人；根據后半句可知用一般過去時，再根據首字母提示可知填realize的過去式realized或realise的過去式realised。9. returned【解析】句意：不久新生活這個村莊。分析句子結構可知，此處缺少動詞。根據句意并聯(lián)系上文，泉水開始干凈，環(huán)境又變好了，新生活又回到了村莊。再根據首字母提示可知return最符合語境，根據上句用一般過去時，可知本句也用一般過去時，故填returned。10. never【解析】句意：無論你的工作看起來多么渺小，看不起它。根據句意并聯(lián)系上文可知無論工作多小，永遠不要看不起它，再根據首字母提示可知填never。Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了在一次火災中，一只忠誠而且聰明的狗救了兩個女孩的故事。贊揚了它的機智與忠誠。1. sleeping【解析】句意：所有住戶都在房子里正在。分析語境可知，因為是夜晚，所以都正在“睡覺”根據句意和“were”可知，該句時態(tài)為過去進行時。根據首字母提示可知填sleeping。2. place(s)【解析】句意：他們沖進燃燒的大樓，把人們救到安全的。分析語境可知，是指把人們救到安全的地點，應填單詞為place。又因為place為可數(shù)名詞，單復數(shù)均可，