對外漢語拼音教學課件.ppt
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,拼音 Pinyin,漢語拼音 Chinese Pnyn,Function:Just like the phonetic alphabets in English, Pnyn helps us to read Chinese words. Formation: Initials 聲母 shng m Finals 韻母 yn m Tones 聲調 shng dio e.g. 你 (you) n-i- n 好 (good,fine) h-ao- ho,聲調 shng dio,The Chinese putonghua has four basic tones. They are shown by the tone-marks:(the 1st tone),(the 2nd tone),(the 3rd tone),(the 4th tone). Different tones may express different meanings.,a o e i u ,dn yn m 單 韻 母: simple finals,聲調 shng dio,1. The tone-mark should be placed over the vowels,eg: n, g,b 2. When a tone-mark is placed above the vowel i, the dot over it must be left out,eg: b,wn jin ji 3. A compound final carries two or more vowels, the tone-mark is placed over the vowel which pronounced with the mouth opening wider and louder,usually a,o,e,eg: li, pio, du,聲調 shng dio,輕聲(the Neutral Tone) Every Chinese character in Chinese Putonghua has its specific tone.But sometimes,in a word or a sentence some syllables lose their original tones and become weak and short, therefore it is called the neutral tone.The neutral tone syllables are shown by the absence of the tone-mark, for example: Bba 爸爸(father,dad) mma 媽媽(mother, mum),聲母 shng m Consonants, 21,When used as initials, the following consonants are pronounced roughly the same as they are in English. b p m f d t n l g k h j s,聲母 shng m Consonants, 21,When used as initials, the following consonants are pronounced quite differently from what they are in English. q x z c zh ch sh r,聲母 shng m Consonants, 21,聲母有21個: b p m f d t n l 玻 坡 摸 佛 的 特 訥 勒 g k h j q x 哥 科 喝 基 欺 希 zh ch sh r z c s 知 吃 詩 日 資 雌 思,聲母 shng m Consonants, 21,在每個本音(清音、濁音)后面配上不同的元音,這樣發(fā)出的響亮聲音就叫做聲母的讀音。 b玻(bo) p坡(po) m摸(mo) f佛(fo) d的(de) t特(特) n訥(ne) l勒(le) g哥(ge) k科(ke) h喝(he) j基(ji) q欺(qi) x希(xi) zh知(zhi) ch吃(chi) sh詩(shi) r日(ri) z資(zi) c雌(ci) s思(si) 這就是漢語的聲母發(fā)音和拉丁字母(英語字母)輔音發(fā)音的重要區(qū)別。,聲母 shng m,b b lu 菠蘿 (pineapple) b ba 爸爸 (dad) b 不 (no) (similar with b in Brother but no buff of breath),聲母 shng m,P po b 跑步 (running,run) (similar to p in port pie But should be more articulated with more aspiration),聲母 shng m,m m m 媽媽 (mum) mi 買 (buy) (same as m in man mug),聲母 shng m,f ch fn 吃飯 (eating) fng 風 (wind) (same with f in from far ),聲母 shng m,d d 大 (big, huge) ddi 弟弟 (younger brother) (similar with d in dog dust but no puff of breath ),聲母 shng m,t ti yng 太陽(sun) t bi 特別( very much) (similar to t in term tide top But should be more articulated with more aspiration),聲母 shng m,n nn rn 男人 (male,man) n 拿 (take,pick,hold) (similar as n in no nation),聲母 shng m,l lng 龍 (dragon) kui l 快樂(happy) (same as l in letter learn ),聲母 shng m,g g ge 哥哥 (older brother) go 高 (tall, high) (Similar with g in grill good but no puff of breath),聲母 shng m,k K k y 渴 (thirsty) 可 以 (can) shng k 上 課 ( have class) ko sh 考試(exam) (similar to k in key But should be more articulated with more aspiration),聲母 shng m,h h shu (drink water) h 河 (river) hi hn 海 (sea) 很 (too much) (h sounds like “h” in the English word“her” heart , but it must be added more friction of the breath than it is in English.),聲母 shng m,j j 雞 (chicken) ji 家( home) (j in Jeep ),聲母 shng m,q q 七 (seven) qin 錢(money) q zi (wife) ( ch in cheese ),聲母 shng m,x x 西(the west) x hun 喜歡(like) xu x 學 習 (study) (sh in sheep ),聲母 shng m,z z 字(characters) zu 坐(sit) (similar with ds in friends z in zero ),聲母 shng m,c ci 菜 (vegetable, dishes) ci 猜(guess) (similar with the ts in bits students ),聲母 shng m,s s 四 (four) s nin 思念 (miss someone) (similar to s in student),聲母 shng m,zh zh 這(this) zhn 站 (stand) zh do (know) ( similar with dge in judge ),聲母 shng m,ch ch 吃(eat) chng 長(long) (similar to ch in church,but must have srong puff of breath),聲母 shng m,sh lo sh 老師(teacher) sh 十 (ten) (similar to sh in shirt),聲母 shng m,r rn 人 (human,people) r 熱 (hot) (similar to r in run),聲母 shng m Test: listen and choose the Initials you hear.,b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s, o e i u 啊 喔 呃 衣 屋 迂,dn yn m 單 韻 母: simple finals,a in Father y 阿 姨 b b 爸 爸 m m 媽 媽,o,Aw W 我 f 佛,e,Uh kui l le k 餓 快 樂 了 可,i,E see bee n m fn 4 你 米 飯,u,oo in Loop book b xn b zh do 不 行 不 知 道,(First, try to pronounce “i“, and then your tongue stays here, gradually purse your lips. Try it yourself) y xi y l s 魚 下 雨 綠 色,韻母 yn m,Single finals a o e i u ,復韻母是指由兩個或三個元音組成韻母。復韻母共13個: i ei o ou 哀 欸 熬 歐 ia ie io iou(iu) 呀 耶 腰 憂 u uo ui uei(ui) 蛙 窩 歪 威 e 約,f yn m 復 韻 母(componund finals),ai ei ao ou ia ie ua uo e,f yn m 復 韻 母(componund finals),ai ei ao ou ia ie ua uo e,ai,ai (as in “high“) w i n k i 我 愛 你 可 愛 zi bi 在 白 zi jin 再 見,ei,(like a long “a“ or the “ei“ in “eight“) li hi 累 黑,ao,-ao (as in “how“ or “out“) ho mo sho lo o zo shn ho 好 貓 少 老 高 早 上 好,ou,(like the “ow“ in “l(fā)ow“ or “boat“) du u ku shu zu 都 狗 口 手 走,ia,ia ( like ya in “yard“) ji 家,ie,-ie (like ye in “yes“) bi ji r xi xi 別 節(jié) 日 謝 謝,ua,-ua (u followed by a) ku hu zhu shu 夸 花 抓 刷,uo,-uo (as in “war“) c su du sho u ji 廁 所 多 少 國 家,e,xu x xu shen xu xio d xu yu hu 學 習 學 生 學 校 大 學 約 會,sn chng yn m 三 重 韻 母( finals consisting of 3 single finals),uai uei(ui) iao iou(iu),uai,-uai (like wi in “wild“) shui hui shui 帥 壞 衰,Uei (ui),-ui (similar to “way“) du b du u hu b hu shu shu 對 不 對 貴 會 不 會 水 誰,iao,-iao (like yow in “yowl“) jio jio bio nio lio tin xio 叫 腳 表 鳥 聊 天 小,iou(iu),-iu (like yo in “yoga“) di ni li 丟 牛 六,漢語拼音 Chinese Pnyn,復韻母iou和uei與聲母相拼,實際發(fā)音時o和e往往消失,于是就縮寫為iu和ui的形式。遇到韻母是iu和ui的音節(jié)時,發(fā)音響亮的部分在后面的元音上,所以調號標在后一個元音上。如: 球:qi 聲調標在u上。 歸:gu 聲調標在i上,省略i上的點。 標調號的口訣: 有不放過,沒找o e 。 iu ui標后頭,單個韻母沒的說。,b yn m 鼻 韻 母(nasal finals),漢語拼音 Chinese Pnyn,鼻韻母是指由一個或兩個元音帶上一個鼻輔音n或ng構成的。鼻韻母共16個: n en ang eng ong 安 恩 昂 亨的韻母 轟的韻母 ian in iang ing iong 煙 因 央 英 雍 uan uen(un) uang ueng 彎 溫 汪 翁 an n 冤 暈 鼻韻母uen與聲母相拼,實際發(fā)音時e往往消失,于是就縮寫為un。去掉e后,只剩下了元音u ,所以調號只能標在u上。,qin b yn m 前 鼻 韻 母 (front nasal finals),an en in ian uen(un) uan an,an,-an (like the sounds of “John“ or “angry“) mn ch fn hn y hn nn 慢 吃 飯 漢 語 很 難,en,-en (like “en“ in “open“) rn zhn u rn ti u rn 人 中 國 人 泰 國 人 zn me yn zhn zhn de m 怎 么 樣 真 真的嗎,in,-in (as in “bin“) nn jn tin xn 您 今 天 新,ian,-ian (similar to “yen“) qin du sho qin min tio fn din 錢 多 少 錢 面 條 飯 店,uan,-uan (u followed by an) lun dun un mn 亂 短 關 門,uen(un),As when yn kn mn chn tin 云 昆 明 春 天,an n,-uan un( followed by an n, only with initials j,q,x) yun qun xun z 遠 勸 選 擇,hu b yn yn m 后 鼻 音 韻 母(back nasal finals),ang eng ing ong iang ueng iong uang,ang,(like the sound of “under“ or “rang ) pn mn zhn shn k rn zn 胖 忙 張 上 課 讓 臟,eng,-eng (like the “ung“ in “l(fā)ung“) fn nn xu shen 風 能 學 生,ing,-ing (like “sing“) mn zi tn 名 字 聽 n jio shn me mn zi ? 你 叫 什 么 名 字 ?,ong,ong (like the “ung“ in “l(fā)ung“ with a slight “oo“ sound) yn dn n zu zhn u 用 東 工 作 中 國,iang,(-i followed by ang),uang,-uang (like wang in “twang“),ueng,u after with eng,iong,(i merged with ong),t sh yun yn yn m 特殊 元 音 韻 母( special finals),er 兒 er can not be combined with any other yunmu( finals) ,it can only be the finals by itself. It is commonly used in northern dialect. There are many words in the northern dialect pronunciation of vowels occur due to the volume of tongue action sound change, and this phenomenon is called er hua.,er,er in herd,-i (in zi ci si) -i(in zhi chi shi),Simple Vowels,a jar o log e bird er,2,i east u moon ,a o e,i u ,3、Initial Consonants,b(+o) brother b b b p(+o) pie p p p m(+o) mug m m m f(+o) far f f f,d(+e) dust d d d t(+e) tide t t t n(+e) nation n n n l(+e) learn l l l,g(+e) grill g g g k(+e) key k k k h(+e) heart h h h,j(+i) j j q(+i) q q x(+i) x x,z(+-i) zero z z z c(+-i) students c c c s(+-i) students s s s,zh(+-i) zh zh zh ch(+-i) ch ch ch sh(+-i) sh sh sh r(+-i) r r r, m b l m b l m b l m b l,Mark tones rules,(1)aoeiu b bo bi xi p pu d ni xi (2)iu,ui li ni ; du tu,(3) j,q,x j j q q x x n l,5、Other Vowels,ai i mi ci ei bi hi fi ao o lo bo ou u du tu,ia y xi ji ie y li bi,韻母 yn m,i 1. When i stands by itself as a syllable, it should be written as yi. 2. i should be written as y when it is placed at the beginning of a final standing by itself as a syllable, or y is added before i,eg: ia-ya ie-ye iou-you iang-yang,韻母 yn m,u 1. When u stands by itself as a syllable, it should be written as wu. 2. When u combines with other finals to form syllables, it should be written as W,eg: ua-wa uo-wo uei-wei uan-wan i,The Separation Letters,ua w hu gu uo w hu gu e yu n l,iao yo xio qio iou yu li ni (iu) uai wi hui shui uei wi shu zhu (ui),an n bn ln en n rn shn in yn xn jn n yn,ian yn lin xin uan wn lun zun an yun uen wn xn zhn (un),ang ng mng zhng eng dng lng cng ing yng mng tng ong zhng hng tng,iang yng ling ning uang wng hung zhung iong yng jing xing ueng wng,m b p,d n l,fn hn ho ch.,w fi chng shui.,xi xi du b q,gn w d.,zi shu y bin .,zu lin x .,w men y q,xu hn y .,ji yu !,日常用語 Daily Expressions,1.zo shang ho! xi w ho wn shang ho,日常用語(一)Daily Expressions,2.du bu q mi gun x,日常用語 Daily Expressions,3.n ho,日常用語(一)Daily Expressions,4.xi xie zi jin,日常用語 Daily Expressions,5.w n t w men n men t men,日常用語 Daily Expressions,lo sh xu sheng shng k xi k,tng (listen) shu (speak) d (read) xi (write) y xi dng (wait) gn w d (read after me),- 配套講稿:
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