2020年高考英語(yǔ) 必考點(diǎn) 專(zhuān)題04 介詞(精講深剖)(含解析)

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1、專(zhuān)題04 介詞——精講深剖 真題速遞 單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.(2019全國(guó)I卷)Modem methods ______ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. 【答案】of/for 【解析】考查介詞。此處tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定語(yǔ),用of 連接,“methods of

2、doing sth.”,意為“…的方法”,構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)?;蛘咭鉃椤皩?duì)于跟蹤北極熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。 2. (2019全國(guó)III卷)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ______ dogs,seven to be exact. 【答案】of 【解析】考查介詞?!癮 pack of”意為“一群”。故填of。 3.(2019浙江卷)The answer ______ this question is not clear. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介詞。句意:這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案不清楚。the key/answe

3、r to ...這是固定搭配,“……的答案是……”。故填to。 4.(2018全國(guó)I卷)While running regularly can't make you live forever,the review says it is more effective at lengthening life walking,cycling or swimming.than 【答案】than 【解析】考查介詞。根據(jù)句中的more可知,此處應(yīng)用介詞than引出比較對(duì)象。此處表示跑步比散步、騎行或游泳更能有效地延長(zhǎng)壽命。故填than。 5.(2018全國(guó)II卷)Corn uses

4、 less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 【答案】than 【解析】考查介詞。由空前的less可知,此處應(yīng)用介詞than,表示“比”。 6.(2018全國(guó)III卷)I was searching these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介詞。search for意為“尋找”,為固定搭配。 7.(2017全國(guó)I卷)This trend,which was started by the med

5、ical community (醫(yī)學(xué)界)   a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 【答案】as 【解析】考查介詞。此處指作為抵抗心臟病的一種方法,所以用介詞as。句意:這一趨勢(shì)是由醫(yī)學(xué)界(醫(yī)學(xué)界)發(fā)起的一種對(duì)抗心臟病的方法,它產(chǎn)生了一些意想不到的副作用,例如超重和心臟病—這正是醫(yī)學(xué)界所努力對(duì)抗

6、的。 8.(2017全國(guó)II卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work. 【答案】from 【解析】考查介詞。travel to and from work上下班。句意:它的路程還不到7公里卻避免了路面上因?yàn)樯舷掳喽鴵頂D的人群。 9.(2017全國(guó)III卷)After school she plans to take a year off to mode

7、l fulltime before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介詞。關(guān)于某個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)位要用介詞in。a degree in engineering or architecture工程學(xué)或建筑學(xué)學(xué)位。句意:畢業(yè)后,她計(jì)劃在上大學(xué)獲得學(xué)位、工程學(xué)或建筑學(xué)之前,先請(qǐng)一年的假去做全職模特。 單句改錯(cuò) 1.(2019全國(guó)II卷)When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal an

8、d decided to be a doctor. 【答案】故在high school前加in/at 【解析】考查介詞?!霸诟咧小毙枰媒樵~in或者at,故在high school前加in/at。 2.(2019全國(guó)III卷) I want my cafe have a special theme such as like "Tang Dynasty". 【答案】去掉like。 【解析】考查介詞。such as和like都是用來(lái)舉例子,重復(fù)了。故把like刪除。 3.(2018全國(guó)I卷)At the end of our trip,I

9、told my father that I planned to return for every two years,but he agreed. 【答案】去掉for。 【解析】考查介詞。慣用語(yǔ)every two years意為“每隔兩年”,其前不用介詞,故介詞for多余。 4.(2018全國(guó)II卷)Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometime

10、s. 【答案】for改為with 【解析】考查介詞。表示“和某人玩……”習(xí)慣用play ...with sb.,故將for改為with。 5.(2017全國(guó)I卷)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 【答案】on改為of 【解析】考查介詞。in the middle of...在……的中間,是固定搭配。 6.(2017全國(guó)II卷)They have also bought for so

11、me gardening tools. 【答案】去掉for 【解析】考查介詞。 表示“買(mǎi)某物”直接用buy sth.。buy還可用于buy sb.sth.或buy sth.for sb.,表示“為某人買(mǎi)某物”。 7.(2017全國(guó)III卷)When I look at this picture of myself,I realize of how fast time flies. 【答案】去掉of 【解析】考查介詞。realize認(rèn)識(shí)到,意識(shí)到,是及物動(dòng)詞,后面直接跟賓語(yǔ),不需要接介詞。 考

12、綱解讀 介詞的考查形式多樣,除了單純考查介詞外,還??疾榻樵~與其他詞的搭配。此外,在定語(yǔ)從句中,也常考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法。有些介詞的考查頻率較高,如with,beyond。另外,for作為并列連詞的用法也是一考點(diǎn)。 知識(shí)梳理 一、介詞with的用法主要 意義 例句 “和……在一起”,“由……陪同”或“有……在場(chǎng)” The students went to the farm with their teachers. 學(xué)生們與他們的老師一起去了農(nóng)場(chǎng)。 “隨著……” With time passing, they have grown into

13、 big boys and big girls.隨著時(shí)間的流逝,他們已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)成大小伙子和大姑娘了。 with后面加復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),說(shuō)明附帶情況 He likes to sleep with the windows open. 他喜歡開(kāi)著窗戶(hù)睡覺(jué)。 “具有;帶有;包括……在內(nèi)” China is a country with a long history. 中國(guó)是個(gè)歷史悠久的國(guó)家。 表示原因或理由 The little girl was trembling with fear. 這個(gè)小女孩嚇得發(fā)抖。 【考題印證】 單句語(yǔ)法填空 (2016·浙江,16)In this arti

14、cle,you need to back up general statements ________ specific examples. 【答案】with 【解析】句意:在這篇文章中,你需要具體的例子來(lái)支持總的觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)句意及結(jié)構(gòu)可知這里用介詞with表示“用……” 【變式探究】(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat ________their hands. 【答案】with 【解析】用手吃飯,應(yīng)用介詞with。

15、 單句改錯(cuò) 【變式探究】(2015·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)Unfortunately,on the development of industrialization,the environment has been polluted. 【答案】with 【解析】句意:不幸的是,隨著工業(yè)化的發(fā)展,環(huán)境受到了污染。on表示“在……方面”,with表示“隨著……”。根據(jù)句意可知,指兩件事情伴隨而行,應(yīng)用with。 (2018全國(guó)II卷

16、)Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes. 【答案】for改為with 【解析】考查介詞。表示“和某人玩……”習(xí)慣用play ...with sb.,故將for改為with。 二、介詞短語(yǔ) 1.動(dòng)詞+介詞 短語(yǔ) 含義 account for 說(shuō)明 agree on 對(duì)……達(dá)成協(xié)議  begin with 以……開(kāi)始 come across  碰見(jiàn) go into 調(diào)查  keep from 阻止 look fo

17、r 尋找  stand for 代表  agree with 同意(某人意見(jiàn))  wait for 等待  decide on 對(duì)……作出決定  head for 向……前進(jìn)  live on 靠……生活  look into 調(diào)查  stick to 堅(jiān)持 agree to 同意(某種安排等) aim at 針對(duì) call for 要求  get into 進(jìn)入    【考題印證】 語(yǔ)法填空 (2018全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)I was searching __

18、______ these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. 【答案】 for 【解析】 search for尋找,為固定搭配。 【變式探究】(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused ________our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 【答案】on 【解析】focus on集中于,故填on。 (2016·天津,14)I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm alway

19、s too busy to carry ________ a conversation with her. 【答案】on 【解析】 句意:我不喜歡她在我工作時(shí)給我打電話——我總是太忙,不能和她進(jìn)行會(huì)話。carry on“繼續(xù)進(jìn)行,從事”,符合句意。 2.動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞 短語(yǔ) 含義 add up to 合計(jì)達(dá)…… come up with 提出 get on with 與……相處融洽 look down upon 看不起 look up to 敬仰(某人) put up with 忍受 come up against 遭到反對(duì)  do away with

20、 廢除 keep up with 跟上 look forward to 盼望 make up for 彌補(bǔ)  stand out for 堅(jiān)決要求 come up to 達(dá)到 get down to 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真考慮 live up to 不辜負(fù)(期望) look out for  當(dāng)心   run out of 用完   stick out for 堅(jiān)持要求 dream of 夢(mèng)想做某事 【考題印證】 (2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,64)But my connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on

21、 a TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first... 【答案】to  【解析】句意:但是我與熊貓之間的聯(lián)系要追溯到20世紀(jì)80年代中期我在一檔電視節(jié)目的時(shí)候,那是我第一次……。go back to“追溯到”,是固定短語(yǔ)。 3. 動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞 短語(yǔ) 含義 catch sight of 突然看見(jiàn) make room for 為……騰出地方 take pride in 以……為榮  make friends with 和……交朋友 pay attention to 注意  show interest in 對(duì)……

22、感興趣 make fun of 取笑 take care of 照顧  take part in 參加  【特別提醒】揭密常考的介詞短語(yǔ) 1. ①at的用法 含義及用法 例句 用在表示地點(diǎn)、場(chǎng)合、方位等的名詞:前表示“在某處” I'll pick you up at the airport at 2 o' clock this afternoon. 今天下午兩點(diǎn)我會(huì)到機(jī)場(chǎng)接你 用在表示時(shí)刻、鐘點(diǎn)、期間、……歲、時(shí)節(jié)等的名詞前 He left school at( the age of)16. 他16歲便離開(kāi)了學(xué)校。 表示“以,按(價(jià)格、速度、數(shù)量等)”

23、Admission is at normal charges and you don't need to book. 以正常價(jià)格收取門(mén)票費(fèi),無(wú)須預(yù)約。 表示“因…而; 聽(tīng)到/看到/想: 到……就 We were frightened at the terrible sight.看到這可怕的景象,我們被嚇到了。 表示“朝,向(某方: 向、目標(biāo))” He shot at the bird but missed it.他向那只鳥(niǎo)射擊,但是沒(méi)射中。 表示“在…方面” She's hopeless at managing people.她對(duì)人事管理一竅不通 ②含有at的短語(yǔ) 短語(yǔ) 含

24、義 at a time 一次 at least 至少 at the same time 同時(shí) at all costs 不惜一切代價(jià) at most 至多  at times 有時(shí)候  at first 最初  at once 立即 at last 最后  at present 目前 at work 起作用 【考題印證】 【變式探究】(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the hous

25、e during the hot day; ________the same time,they warm up again for the night. 【答案】At 【解析】at the same time與此同時(shí),故應(yīng)用介詞at。 2. ①by的用法 含義及用法 例句 (時(shí)間)不遲于,在……之前 He is sure to come by three o'clock.他三點(diǎn)之前肯定會(huì)來(lái). (位置)靠近,在……旁邊/附近 On a cold evening, it is pleasant to sit by the fire. 在寒冷的夜晚,坐在爐火旁邊很舒服。 表

26、示“(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、度量、數(shù)量)根據(jù),按照,以…計(jì)算”,常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“by+the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞” They sell eggs by the dozen.他們按打賣(mài)雞蛋。 We rent the car by the day.我們按天租用汽車(chē)。 (表示程度、數(shù)量): 相差 We lost the match by one goal.我們以一球之差輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。 經(jīng)過(guò),經(jīng)由 They came in by the back door.他們是從后門(mén)進(jìn)來(lái)的。 靠,用,通過(guò)(某種:方法、手段) You can reserve the tickets by phone.你可以通過(guò)電話訂票。

27、 被/由……”(常置于表被動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞后,后接動(dòng)作的 執(zhí)行者) He was knocked down by a car.他被一輛小汽車(chē)撞倒了。 ②含有by的短語(yǔ) 短語(yǔ) 含義 by accident 偶然 by day/night 白天/夜間 by heart 能背誦 by turns 輪流 by birth 出身 by no means 絕不 by chance 偶然 by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地 by the way 順便說(shuō)一下 by chance 偶然  by mistake 錯(cuò)誤地 by the way 順便說(shuō)一下 【考題印證】

28、 【變式探究】(2015·陜西卷)The little pupil took his grandma ________the arm and walked her across the street. 【答案】by 【解析】take sb.by the arm,挽著某人的胳膊,應(yīng)用介詞by。 (2015·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,66)Instead,I'd headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,it's only an hour away ________ car and offers all the scenery of t

29、he better-known city. 【答案】by  【解析】句意:然而,我直接去了陽(yáng)朔。對(duì)于那些飛往桂林的人來(lái)說(shuō),坐車(chē)只需要一個(gè)小時(shí)的路程……乘坐交通工具常用by加可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式,by car“開(kāi)車(chē)”。 3. 含有in的短語(yǔ) 短語(yǔ) 含義 in a sense 從某種意義上說(shuō) in case 萬(wàn)一;如果 in fact 實(shí)際上 in one's opinion 在某人看來(lái) in other words 換句話說(shuō) in short 總之 in the long run 從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看 in advance 事先;提前 in store 必將

30、發(fā)生  in general 一般說(shuō)來(lái)  in no time 立刻  in public 公開(kāi)地 in vain 徒勞  in time 及時(shí) in the meantime 同時(shí)  in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)中 in turn 輪流 in order 井井有條 in return 作為回報(bào) in the end 最后 in all 總共 【考題印證】  【變式探究】(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to

31、 university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture. 【答案】in 【解析】此處表示得到一個(gè)在工程學(xué)或者建筑學(xué)方面的學(xué)位。此處考查in的本意“在……方面”。考生可能會(huì)誤用on和about,這兩個(gè)介詞本意為“關(guān)于……”。degree與介詞in搭配,表示在某方面的學(xué)位。 4. 含有on的短語(yǔ) 短語(yǔ) 含義 on average 平均 on foot 步行 on sale 在出售 on the way 在途中 on business 出差 on holiday 在休假 on strike

32、 罷工  on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí) on duty 值日 on behalf of 代表 on the contrary 相反 on the spot 當(dāng)場(chǎng) on fire 著火  on purpose 故意地 on the other hand 另一方面 【考題印證】 【變式探究】(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused ________our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 【答案】on 【解析】focus on集中于,故填on。句意:我們大多數(shù)人

33、都是早上比一天晚些時(shí)候更專(zhuān)注工作。 5. 含有out of的短語(yǔ) 短語(yǔ) 含義 out of breath 氣喘吁吁  out of date 過(guò)時(shí) out of order 發(fā)生故障 out of patience 失去耐心 out of work 失業(yè) out of control 失去控制 out of doors 在戶(hù)外 out of question 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) out of reach 拿不到 out of the question 不可能 out of danger 脫險(xiǎn) out of fashion

34、不合時(shí)尚 out of luck  倒霉   out of shape 變形  out of touch 失去聯(lián)系 6. for的用法 含義 例句 (表示目的或功能)為了 Are you learning English for pleasure or for your work? 你學(xué)英語(yǔ)是出于消還是為了工作? (表示對(duì)象或用途)給,對(duì) The problem was that it was too expensive for everyday use. 問(wèn)題是這對(duì)日常使用來(lái)說(shuō)太貴了。 (表示原因)因?yàn)?,由? Bill was arrested for

35、 dangerous driving.比爾因危險(xiǎn)駕駛而被拘捕 (表示時(shí)間、距離、數(shù)量)達(dá),計(jì) We drove for miles before we found a gas station.我們開(kāi)車(chē)數(shù)英里后才找到一個(gè)加油站。 (表示等值或比例關(guān)系)換取 He agreed to pay30 dollars for the picture.他答應(yīng)付300美元買(mǎi)下那幅面。 支持,贊成 How many people voted for the proposal?有多少人支持這項(xiàng)提議? 至于,關(guān)于,就……而言 It's cold for the time of year.在一年的這

36、個(gè)時(shí)節(jié)天氣是冷了些。 (表示去向)往,向 (表示陳述或問(wèn)題:的對(duì)象)適于,適合于 A few days later she would be leaving for New York.過(guò)幾天她就要去組約了。 I'm sure she's the ideal person for the job.我確信她是這個(gè)職位的理想人選。 【考題印證】 【變式探究】(2016·四川卷)The mother continued to care for the young panda ________more than two years. 【答案】for 【解析】考查短語(yǔ)for+時(shí)間段

37、,故應(yīng)用介詞for。 【謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則】 (一)介詞與動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的搭配 短語(yǔ) 含義 call for 需要 pay for 要……付款 apply for 申請(qǐng) search for 找,搜索 wait for 等待 begin with 開(kāi)始 play with ……一起玩;玩弄 care about 介意 feel like 想要 hold up 舉起 rely on 依靠 pass by 經(jīng)過(guò) figure out 想出 dream of 夢(mèng)想 listen to 聽(tīng) refer to 參考;查閱 contribute

38、to 有助于;促成;貢獻(xiàn) laugh at 嘲笑 charge…for… 為……要價(jià)…… exchange for 用…來(lái)交換 go back to 追溯到 focus on 集中于 【考題印證】 (2018·全國(guó)Ⅲ)I was searching ________ these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. 【答案】for 【解析】 search for尋找,為固定搭配。 (2016·全國(guó)I) But my connection with pandas goe

39、s back my days on TV show in the mid-1980s… 【答案】to 【解析】 go back to追溯到,為固定搭配。句意:但是我和熊貓的關(guān)系可以追溯到我在上世紀(jì)80年代中期的電視節(jié)目中。 (2014·遼寧高考) OK.Don’t laugh me. I may look funny. 【答案】at 【解析】 laugh at嘲笑,為固定搭配。 (2014·廣東高考) I didn’t understand why this would happen and my credit had already been charge

40、d the reservation. 【答案】for 【解析】 charge for為……要價(jià)……,為固定搭配。句意:我不明白為什么會(huì)發(fā)生這種情況,而且我的信用已經(jīng)被收取了預(yù)訂費(fèi)。 (二)介詞與名詞構(gòu)成的搭 1.a(chǎn)t+n.表示狀態(tài) 短語(yǔ) 含義 at a loss 不知所措 at peace 處于和平狀態(tài) at war 處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中 at work 在工作 【考題印證】 (2015全國(guó)卷II)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are

41、 now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; the same time,they warm up again for the night. 【答案】at 【解析】 at the same time同時(shí),為固定搭配。句意:當(dāng)新的一天開(kāi)始,墻壁已經(jīng)釋放了它們的熱量,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)夠冷,能夠使房子在炎熱的白天保持涼爽;同時(shí),它們又可以溫暖一整夜。 2.其他以at開(kāi)頭的介詞短語(yǔ) 短語(yǔ) 含義 at the beginning of 在……的開(kāi)始 at the cost of 以…的代價(jià) at the risk

42、of 冒……危險(xiǎn) at the mercy of 在……支配下;任……擺布 3.on+n.表示狀態(tài) 短語(yǔ) 含義 on exhibition/show 在展出 on fire 著火 on sale 出售,打折 on the way 在途中 on the decrease/ increase 在減少/在增加 on holiday/vacation 在度假 on the top of 在……頂端 【考題印證】 單句改錯(cuò) (2016.6月浙江高考)While they chatted,my father would lift my sister an

43、d me up to sit in the top of the fridge. 【答案】in改為on 【解析】 on the top of 在……頂部,為固定搭配。句意:當(dāng)他們聊天的時(shí)候,父親會(huì)把我妹妹和我抱起來(lái),坐在冰箱的頂部。 考點(diǎn)精講 “2策略”秒解語(yǔ)法填空題 1.分析句子成分 如果句子中不缺少主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞后又不缺少賓語(yǔ),則在名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞前一定是填介詞。 【思路點(diǎn)撥】 1. She patted him the head and said, "My little boy, do you feel comfortable now t

44、han before?” 【答案】on 【解析】考查介詞。此句中不缺少賓語(yǔ),在名詞the head前填介詞?!?hit / beat + sb.+ on/in + the +身體部位"這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)(其中的定冠詞不可用物主代詞代替).如果打在堅(jiān)硬結(jié)實(shí)的部位(如head, shoulder, back等),前面常用介詞on;如果打在柔軟多肉的部位, (如leg, eye, face等)前面常用介詞in. e.g. hit him on the head/ shoulder/back hit him in the face /eyes/right leg 2. Chinese proverb

45、s are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people's daily life. these proverbs there are often interesting stories. 【答案】behind 【解析】考查介詞。此句中不缺少主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),在名詞these proverbs 前填介詞。根據(jù)句意“漢語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)豐富,至今仍廣泛應(yīng)用于中國(guó)人的日常生活中。這些諺語(yǔ)背后往往右很多有趣的故事?!惫侍頱ehind。 3.If you could exchange lives someone f

46、or a short time, would you like to do that? 【答案】with 【解析】考查介詞。此句中不缺少此句中不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),在代詞someone 前填介詞。又因?yàn)閑xchange sth with sb 跟某人交換某物,故填with。句意:如果你能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)和別人交換生活,你愿意這樣做嗎? 4.Atkins'dog, Otis, waited the nearby bushes uneasily. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介詞。此句中不缺少此句中不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),在名詞the nearby bushes前填介詞,又根據(jù)句意“

47、阿特金斯的狗奧蒂斯在附近的灌木叢中不安地等待著”,故填in。 2.記牢搭配 (1)注意短語(yǔ)搭配中介詞的正確使用; (2)注意有特殊用法的介詞,如接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)就只能用with或 without。 【思路點(diǎn)撥】 5.As a result, he spends his life in a wheelchair and cannot write means of a pen or pencil. 【答案】by 【解析】考查介詞。by means of用……方式,是固定搭配。句意:結(jié)果,他在輪椅上度過(guò)了一生,不能用筆或鉛筆寫(xiě)字。故填by。 6. But wild to

48、day disappears or is danger just because humans do harm to it. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介詞。in danger處于危險(xiǎn)中,是固定搭配。句意:但今天的野生動(dòng)物消失或處于危險(xiǎn)中僅僅是因?yàn)槿祟?lèi)對(duì)它的傷害。故填in。 7. But one day I came a sentence in the Bible“Do not be anxious about tomorrow, for tomorrow will be anxious for itself, let the day's own tro

49、uble be sufficient for the day.” 【答案】across 【解析】考查介詞。come across遇見(jiàn),碰到,是固定搭配。句意:但有一天,我遇到圣經(jīng)中的一句話:“不要為明天擔(dān)憂,因?yàn)槊魈鞎?huì)為自己而焦慮,今天的煩惱已經(jīng)足夠多了。”故填across。 8. The effect that music can have our emotions is tremendous, as it can bring people to floods of tears or bursts of laughter. 【答案】on 【解析】考查介詞。have

50、 effect on,對(duì)……有影響,是固定搭配。句意:音樂(lè)對(duì)我們的情感的影響是巨大的,因?yàn)樗粌H能讓人們淚如雨下也能讓人們捧腹大笑。故填on。 9. Many times we don' t realize how routine our lives have become and how much we take them granted until we find ourselves in a new situation. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介詞。take sth/sb for granted認(rèn)為某人/某物理應(yīng)如此,是固定搭配。句意:很多時(shí)候,直到我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處

51、于一個(gè)新的環(huán)時(shí),我們才意識(shí)到我們的生活變得有多么的日常和我們有多大程度上認(rèn)為它們是理所當(dāng)然的。 10. The teacher paused purpose to remind the students to stop talking. 【答案】on 【解析】考查介詞。on purpose故意 ,是固定搭配。句意:老師故意停下來(lái)提醒學(xué)生停止講話。故填on。 11. While teens become busy their studies, it is very important to develop a hobby, which can not only

52、 give them fun and rest but also broaden their horizons. 【答案】with 【解析】考查介詞。be/become busy with sth忙于做某事 ,是固定搭配。句意:盡管青少年學(xué)習(xí)忙碌,但是培養(yǎng)一種愛(ài)好也是非常重要的,它不僅能給他們帶來(lái)樂(lè)趣和休息,而且還能開(kāi)闊他們的視野。故填with。 12.First,they care social concerns. 【答案】about 【解析】考查介詞。care about關(guān)心某事 ,是固定搭配。句意:首先,他們關(guān)心社會(huì)問(wèn)題。故填about。 “三視角”破解短

53、文改錯(cuò)題 一.介詞的漏用 1.如果句子中不缺少主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞后又不缺少賓語(yǔ),則在名詞或代詞前經(jīng)常是缺少介詞; 2.某些不及物動(dòng)詞后漏加介詞,以及某些短語(yǔ)中介詞缺失,如look(at), listen (to), take care (of), be fit(for),according(to)等。 【思路點(diǎn)撥】 1. When the old man came back,the smell of the whisky reminded him the accident. 【答案】him 后加of 【解析】考查介詞。remind s

54、b of sth提醒某人某事。句意:當(dāng)老人回來(lái)的時(shí)候,威士忌的味道讓他想起了那個(gè)事故。故加上of。 2. Only if we are fully prepared the challenge both mentally and physically can we overcome the difficulties. 【答案】prepared后加for 【解析】考查介詞。prepared for sth 為某事而準(zhǔn)備。句意:只有我們做好充分的心理和身體準(zhǔn)備,我們才能克服這些困難。故加上for。 3. I'm very glad to receive your e

55、-mail asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with. 【答案】your后加for 【解析】考查介詞。arrange sth for sb為某人安排某事。句意:我很高興收到您詢(xún)問(wèn)有關(guān)我們安排您入住的寄宿家庭的信息的電子郵件。 二.介詞的多余 1.不該用介詞的短語(yǔ)中用了介詞,如 next yea

56、r常寫(xiě)成in next year; 2.有些及物動(dòng)詞后多加了介詞,如 enter the room錯(cuò)寫(xiě)成enter into the room, return my book錯(cuò)寫(xiě)成return back/to my book等。 【思路點(diǎn)撥】 4. One of them, who seemed in his thirties, praised on me for my self-confidence. 【答案】去掉on 【解析】考查介詞。praise是及物動(dòng)詞,其后可以直接接賓語(yǔ),故on多余。句意:他們中的一個(gè)看起來(lái)三十多歲的人表?yè)P(yáng)了

57、我的自信。 5. Gradually, I became interested in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college. 【答案】去掉into 【解析】考查介詞。enter是及物動(dòng)詞,可以直接接賓語(yǔ),故into多余。句意:漸漸地,我對(duì)生物學(xué)產(chǎn)生了興趣,當(dāng)我進(jìn)入大學(xué)的時(shí)候,我選擇了學(xué)習(xí)生物。 6. But on today, at this special time, I just want to tell you loudly: I love you, Mom!

58、 【答案】去掉on 【解析】考查介詞。today可以當(dāng)副詞做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),意為“(在)今天”,故on多余。句意:但是今天,在這個(gè)特殊的時(shí)刻,我只想大聲地告訴你:媽媽?zhuān)覑?ài)你! 三.介詞的誤用 1.on,in,at等介詞的基本用法或基礎(chǔ)詞義的混用; 2.固定搭配中的介詞的誤用; 3.“介詞十關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的誤用; 4.受漢語(yǔ)思維影響誤把介詞當(dāng)連詞。 【思路點(diǎn)撥】 7. I also do well at speaking English.

59、 【答案】at改成in 【解析】考查介詞。do well in sth在某方面擅長(zhǎng)。句意:我也擅長(zhǎng)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 8. It's the relationship among my deskmate and me. 【答案】among改成between 【解析】考查介詞。My daskmate and me 是兩者之間,故用between,among指三者及三者以上之間。故把a(bǔ)mong改成between。句意:那是我和我同桌之間的關(guān)系。 9. There was

60、 one on I'd always wanted. 【答案】on改成in 【解析】考查介詞。in particular 特別,尤其。句意:這有一個(gè)我特別想要的。故把on改成in。 10. For his opinion, actors should go on even when they feel they have made mistakes in their performances. 【答案】For 改成In 【解析】考查介詞。in one’s o

61、pinion 在某人看來(lái)。句意:他認(rèn)為,在演出時(shí)即使演員們覺(jué)得自己的表現(xiàn)出了錯(cuò)誤,他們也應(yīng)該繼續(xù)表演。故把For 改成In。 11. Not only is he strict with his teaching but also he is kind and patient to everybody. 【答案】with 改成in 【解析】考查介詞。be strict with sb 對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格;be strict in sth對(duì)某事要求嚴(yán)格。根據(jù)句意“他不僅嚴(yán)格教學(xué)嚴(yán)格,而且還和善和耐心地對(duì)待每個(gè)人?!?,故把with 改成in。

62、12. In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me. 【答案】during改成when 【解析】考查介詞。“they came over to play or do homework with me”是個(gè)句子,得用連詞來(lái)引導(dǎo),而during是個(gè)介詞,不能引導(dǎo)句子,又根據(jù)句意“事實(shí)上,當(dāng)我的同學(xué)來(lái)我家跟我玩或者一起寫(xiě)家庭作業(yè)時(shí),他甚至把他們嚇跑了?!惫拾裠uring改成when。 模擬訓(xùn)練   

63、     一.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1.(云南省2019高三第二次質(zhì)檢)China’s high-speed trains are similar those of France’s TGV,German’s ICE and Japan’s shinkansen. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介詞。be similar to 與……相似。根據(jù)句意“中國(guó)的高速列車(chē)類(lèi)似于法國(guó)的TGV,德國(guó)的ICE和日本的新干線。”故填to。 2. (山東省安丘市、諸城市、五蓮縣、蘭山區(qū)2019屆高三4月模擬訓(xùn)練)On the Art of Poetry, written ______ classic

64、al Chinese was issued in 1948. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介詞。句意:《論詩(shī)歌藝術(shù)》于1948年出版,是用文言文寫(xiě)成的?!坝?-----語(yǔ)言”應(yīng)該用介詞in,故答案為in。 3.(東北三省三校2019屆高三第一次模擬)Becoming mainly tells the story about how Michelle has balanced work and family ______ a professional woman. 【答案】as 【解析】考查介詞。根據(jù)句意“這本書(shū)主要講述了米歇爾作為一名職業(yè)女性是如何平衡工作和家庭的?!笨芍颂幈硎尽白?/p>

65、為”,故填as。 4.(東北三省三校2019屆高三第二模擬)At the camp, we could choose from abundant activities to enjoy before dinner, _____ camel rides, body painting and taking pictures with an eagle. How cool! 【答案】like 【解析】考查介詞。句意:在營(yíng)地,享受晚餐前,我們可以選擇豐富的活動(dòng),像騎駱駝,身體彩繪和與鷹拍照。文中在舉例,所以填like。 5.(吉林省名校2019屆高三下學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)合模擬考試)Whisky ma

66、king provides work ________ several thousand people in the Scottish Highlands and islands, and whisky is Scotland's biggest goods sold to every corner of the world. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介詞。句意:威士忌為蘇格蘭高地和島嶼上的幾千人提供工作。固定短語(yǔ)provide sth. for sb.“提供某物給某人”,故填介詞for。 6.(東北三省四市2019屆高三第一次模擬)You can use your mobile phone, access ______ Internet or work on your laptop. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介詞。句意:同樣,你可以在高鐵上使用手機(jī),連上互聯(lián)網(wǎng),用筆記本辦公。本句為短語(yǔ)access to sth得以使用某物,故用to。 7.(河南省開(kāi)封市2019屆高三上學(xué)期第一次模擬)Non-Hermitian wave engineering is ______r

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