浙江省甌海區(qū)三溪中學(xué)高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語動詞學(xué)案 新人教版

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1、2012屆高考英語二輪語法復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案（非謂語動詞）非謂語動詞（一）動詞不定式動詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞)和動名詞統(tǒng)稱為非謂語動詞?，F(xiàn)代英語將現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞合為一大類叫作v + ing形式。這些動詞的形式不能在句中單獨作謂語用，因而沒有語法主語。但可以有邏輯主語。由于沒有語法主語，也就不受人稱和數(shù)的限定，因為不是謂語，也就沒有時態(tài)和語態(tài)，但這些詞仍能表示動作和狀態(tài)，所以仍有表示與其他動詞相對時間關(guān)系的形式。由于與其它詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，因此也有表示主、被動的形式，同時也有自己的賓語和狀語，一起構(gòu)成非謂語動詞的短語(動詞不定式短語，分詞短語，動名詞短語)。非謂語動詞在英語語法中占有特殊

2、且重要的位置。非謂語動詞形式多樣，應(yīng)用廣泛，且在句中起著很活躍的作用，也是語法項目中的重點和難點，學(xué)好非謂語動詞，才能正確進(jìn)行口語和書面的交流。動詞不定式、過去分詞及v-ing形式在句中均不能作謂語用，所以叫做非謂語動詞。（一）動詞不定式：動詞不定式由“to+ 動詞原形”構(gòu)成，如：to study, to play，動詞不定式雖然不能作謂語動詞用，但仍留著動詞的特征，它可以帶有所需要的賓語或狀語而構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。1、動詞不定式的形式變化：動詞不定式有下列時態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式變化。語態(tài)式一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式主 動

3、to buildto have builtto be buildingto have been building 被 動to be buildto have been build2、動詞不定式的基本用法：動詞不定式能起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，可在句中作主語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語用，如：（1）作主語：To help each other is good.（動詞不定式作主語時，一般可用it作形式主語，而將作主語的動詞不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.（2）作表語：My job is to drive them to the power sta

4、tion every day. 動詞不定式在系動詞be之后作表語，與表示將來時的be + 動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有所區(qū)別，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我們的計劃是給農(nóng)民子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。（句中的謂語動詞為is，動詞不定式to set up 為表語，主語為plan，但plan并不是動詞不定式的邏輯主語，即動詞不定式 to set up所表示的動作不是主語plan產(chǎn)生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants chi

5、ldren.我們將為農(nóng)民的子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。（句中的are to set up整個結(jié)構(gòu)為句中謂語，主語為we，同時也是動詞不定式to set up所表示的動作的邏輯主語，即動詞不定式to set up所表示的動作是由we產(chǎn)生的）。（3）作賓語：作及物動詞的賓語，如：She wishes to be a musician.；作某些形容詞的賓語：可以有動詞不定式為賓語的形容詞一般有g(shù)lad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up

6、smoking.；動詞不定式一般不作介詞的賓語，但動詞不定式之前如有疑問詞時，就可作介詞的賓語，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的謂語動詞為see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式須將to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.（5）動詞不定式在句中作賓語，如帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語時，須先用i

7、t作形式賓語，而將該動詞不定式后置，如：I dont think it right to do it that way. （6）作定語：動詞不定式作定語時，須位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定語用的動詞不定式如果是不及物動詞，不定式后面就要用必要的介詞，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place, time, way，不定式后面的介詞，習(xí)慣上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.（7）作狀語：動詞不

8、定式可以作下列的狀語：目的狀語： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或為了），但應(yīng)注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 將表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可強(qiáng)調(diào)目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one m

9、ust work hard at it. 結(jié)果狀語：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他們活到親眼見到了他們家鄉(xiāng)的解放。too + 形容詞或副詞 + 動詞不定式，表示“足能”的結(jié)果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.3、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式：由for + 名詞（或代詞賓格）+ 動詞不定式即構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞不定式。其中for本身無意義。for后面的名詞或代詞是不定式的邏輯主語，這種不定式在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語或狀語，如：It is very importa

10、nt for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 當(dāng)作表語用的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語的性質(zhì)或特征時，就用介詞of而不用for引出不定式的邏輯主語，這些形容詞一般有g(shù)ood, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day.4、疑問詞 + 動詞不定式：疑問代詞和疑問副詞后可加動詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中可作主語、表語或賓語，如：How to

11、prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.5、動詞不定式的否定式：動詞不定式的否定式是由not + 動詞不定式構(gòu)成，如：Its wrong of you not to attend the meeting.6、動詞不定式的時態(tài)形式所表示的時間關(guān)系：（1）一般式：動詞不定式一般式所表示 的動作是和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，但在多數(shù)情況下，是在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后發(fā)生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play tabl

12、e tennis.（同時）；（2）完成式：動詞不定式完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.（3）進(jìn)行式：動詞不定式進(jìn)行式所表示的動作正在進(jìn)行中，而且與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.7、動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)用法：如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語為這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般就用被動語態(tài)形式，如：What is to be done next hasnt been decide

13、d yet.練1、練習(xí)、非謂語動詞（一）1. - Can you ride a horse?- No, I never had the chance _. A. for learning it B. for learning how C. how to learn it D. to learn how2. Paul said, Give me a chair _. A. to sit B. sit C. sit on D. to sit on3. I ran too fast _ where I was going. A. to notice B. for me to notice C. to

14、 notice for me D. and notice4. - Have you enjoyed your visit here?- Yes, Ill be very sorry_ . A. for leaving B.of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving5. - Ill help you whenever you need me. - Good. Id like _me tomorrow. A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help6. - I didnt

15、hear you come in last night.- Thats good. We tried_ noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to be not D. to not be7. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still _. A. a good place which to be lived in B. lived as a good place C. a good place to live in D. living in as a good place8.

16、- Why was the official meeting called?- _ new officers. A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. For selecting9. - Where did he go?- He went to another store _. A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils10. - My baby has a heart trouble.- Did the doctor find it difficult

17、_ ? A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat11. - Did the judge ask you many questions?- Yes, and _. A. they were difficult to be answered B. to answer them was to be difficult C. they were difficult to answer D. they had difficulty in answering12. That beggar seems _ anything yesterda

18、y.A. not to have eaten B. not to eat C. didnt eat D. to not have eaten13. The lost child desired nothing but _ home. A. go B. to go C. going . D. went14.That box is_. A. too heavy for me to carry B. too heavy for me to carry it C. so heavy for me to carry D. very heavy for me to carry15. Would you b

19、e _ to do me a favour, please? A. so kind as . B. too kind C. as kind as D. enough kind16. To learn to speak English well,_. A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice17. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job. A.

20、so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to18. Last summer I took a course on _ . A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made19. The house is not large enough _ . A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living20. Nobody

21、 likes _. A. to speak ill of B. to be spoken ill of C. speaking ill of D. spoken ill of21. I know him _ a good football player while in college. A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been22. I was surprised_. A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly C. watching him eat so quick

22、ly D. to watch him eat so quickly23. Mr. White was seen _ the Palace Museum. A. enter B. to enter C. entered D. to entering24. I saw Mary _ the house. A. open the door and go into B. to open the door and to go into C. open the door and to go into D. open the door and went into25. Paul does nothing b

23、ut _ all day long. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played26. Now we could not do anything but _ for him here. A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait27. I dont know her and I dont _ . A. want B. want to C. w ant it D. to want28. - Go to the theatre with me, will you?- I should like _, but I dont ha

24、ve time. A. to B. too C. to do D. to go to29. To play fair is as important as _. A. to play well B. play well C. we play we ll D. playing well30. It is the greatest happiness on earth _. A. loving and to be loved B. to love and being loved C. to love and to be loved D. love and be loved31. _ is bett

25、er to love than _ . A. That, to be loved B. That, be loved C. It, be loved D. It, to be loved32. Its very foolish _ it? A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying33. It _ me two hours to find your new house. A. cost B. took C. spent D. used34. We did not expect our offer

26、 _ so quickly. A. rejected B. to reject . C. to be rejected D. rejecting35. He told her _ there at once. A. get B. gets C. should get D. to get36. We all think it most foolish _ this mistake.A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make37. I really dont know _ . A. to swim B.

27、 how to swim C. to swim how D. how swim38. - What do you think about English?- Its a difficult language _.A. speaking B. to be spoken C. to speak D. spoken非謂語動詞（二）動詞-ing形式（二）-ing形式：動詞的-ing形式也是一種非謂語動詞。-ing形式仍保留有動詞的特征，可以帶有其所需要的賓語或狀語而構(gòu)成-ing短語。1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物動詞的-ing還有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，而不及物動詞的-ing則沒有被動

28、語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在以及物動詞make 和不及物動詞go為例，將其-ing各種形式列表如下：動詞 語態(tài)形式及物動詞make練2、練習(xí)、非謂語動詞（二）1. Alien said that his trip was _. A. interested B. interest C. interesting D. of interest2. We cant understand _ a decision until it is too late. A. him to postpone to make B. his postponing to make C. him to postpone making D. h

29、is postponing making3. I couldnt understand _ at the poor child. A. you to laugh B. you laugh C. why laugh D. you laughing4. Its no use_ with him. You might as well _ with a stone wall. A. arguing, argue B. to argue, arguing C. arguing, arguing D. to argue, argue5. It is no good _ todays work for to

30、morrow. A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave6. The old mans _ pity on the snake led to his own death. A. take B. taking C. being taken D. have7. Its very kind _ you _ say so. A. of, to B. for, to C. to, to D. of, /8. Some peoples greatest pleasure is _ . A. fishing B. to fish C. to be f

31、ish D. being fishing9. Remember _ the book, when you have finished it. A. putting back B. having put back C. to put bac k D. will put back10. You didnt hear us come back last night. Thats good. We tried _ noisy. A. to not be B. not to be C. being not D. not being11. Though he failed, he tried _ it a

32、gain and again. A. to do B. doing C. do D. done.12. Youll regret _ those words. You may hurt her feelings. A. say B. to say C. having said D. to have said13. You can keep the book until you _ . A. have finished reading B. finish to read C. will finish reading D. have finished to read14. We are looki

33、ng forward to _ another chance _ it again. A. be given, to try B. give, to try .C. giving, trying D. having, to try15. Most of the students enjoy_ stamps. A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected16. Excuse me for _ in without _. A. coming, asking B. coming, being asked C. to come, asking

34、D. to come, being asked17. People couldnt help _ the foolish girl. A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing :18. What do you think of the book?Oh. excellent, its worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read19. I usually go there by train.Why not _ by boat for

35、 a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going20. I was too excited _ . A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking21. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented22. It is no use _to com

36、e now. He is busy. A. ask him B. to ask him C. that you ask him D. asking him23. The murder was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied24. Mrs Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D.

37、never drive.25. The computer centre, _ last year is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened.26. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying27. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B

38、. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited28. English is a language _ in many countries. A. spoken B. speaking C. be spoken D. to speak29. Can you read? Mary said to the notice. A. angrily, pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily, pointed D. and angrily pointing30. There was a terrible noise

39、_ the sudden burst of Tight. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed31. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given32. _their students, the famous teacher came into the hall. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. H

40、aving been followed33. Your flat needs _ . Would you like me it for you? A. to clean, to doB. cleaning, doing C. cleaning, to do D. to be cleaned, doing34. Does your new secretary _ short hand? A. know to take B. know how to take C. know how take D. know how taking35. Tommy had his big brother _ his

41、 shoes for him. A. to tie B. tie C. tied D. tying36. Would you please _ write on the textbooks? A. dont B. not to C. not D. to not37. Id _ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary. A. rather not have B. rather not to have C. not rather had D. rather not having38. Your mother and I are looking

42、 forward_ you. A. of seeing B. for seeing C. to see D. to seeing39. The girl couldnt_ how red his face was. A. help to notice B. be helping to notice C. be helping noticing D. help noticing40. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature _. A. taking B. to take C. take D. taken非謂語動詞（三）過去分詞（三）過

43、去分詞：1、過去分詞的基本用法：過去分詞只有一種形式，也沒有主動語態(tài)，它所表示的動作是一個被動的或是已完成的動作。過去分詞在句中也可用作定語、表語、賓語或狀語等成分。過去分詞在句中作某種成分時，其邏輯主語一般為該分詞所表示的動作的承受者，如：（1）作定語：過去分詞作定語時，如果這個分詞是一個單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞短語，就位于其修飾的名詞之后。被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.（2）作表語：過去分詞作表語時，表示其邏輯主語所處的狀態(tài)，其邏輯主語就是句中的主語，如：T

44、he glass is broken.這個玻璃杯是破的。 注：過去分詞作表語時，和動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但兩者表達(dá)的意義不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.這個玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表語用的過去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, s

45、hut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。（3）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，句中的賓語就是其邏輯主語，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：動詞have后的復(fù)合賓語中，賓語補(bǔ)足語如為過去分詞，常表示該分詞所表示的動作是由別人來執(zhí)行的而不是句中主語自己來執(zhí)行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找別人）把我的自行

46、車給修了。（4）作狀語：過去分詞作狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語一般都是主句的主語，是過去分詞所表示意義的邏輯賓語。為了使作狀語的過去分詞意義更加明確，常在分詞前加when, if, while, though, as等連詞，如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.（we是該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語，是give的邏輯賓語。）獨立主格：上述-ing和過去分

47、詞的用法中，-ing和過去分詞在句中均有邏輯主語，但有時它們也能有自己的獨立的主語，這種獨立的主語，一般為名詞或代詞，位于其前之前，和-ing或過去分詞構(gòu)成獨立主格。獨立主格在句中一般只作狀語用，而-ing和過去分詞作用的形式，則要根據(jù)它們所表示的動作和句中謂語動詞所表示的時間關(guān)系而定。至于獨立主格中是使用-ing或是過去分詞，則要根據(jù)它們的主語和其所表示的動作的主動被動關(guān)系而定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注：The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest. 獨立

48、結(jié)構(gòu)中的being或having been常可省去，如：The meeting (being) over, all left the room. 作伴隨狀語的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)?？捎脀ith短語來代替，如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.2、-ing形式與過去分詞的區(qū)別：（1）語態(tài)不同：-ing形式表示主動概念，及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動概念。an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演說；the inspired

49、audience受鼓舞的聽眾。（2）時間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作一般是正在進(jìn)行中的動作，而過去分詞所表示的動作，往往是已經(jīng)完成的動作，如：The changing world正在發(fā)生的世界；the changed world已經(jīng)起了變化的世界。練3、練習(xí)、非謂語動詞（三）1. There is no question of _ able to finish it himself. A. Tom was B. Toms being C. Toms be D. Tom is2. The new shopping center _ now will be put into use by the

50、 end of this year. A. built B. be built C. being built D. to be built3. Have you had supper? Not yet. The meal_. A. are being cookedB. is being cooked C. is cooked D. are cooked4. Im glad _ you here in the hotel.Its my great pleasure to have you _ us. A. meeting, to B. to have met, with C. having me

51、t, among D. to meet, of5. Im afraid I cant make myself _ in English. A. understanding B. understand C. to be understood D. understood6. Although in a hurry, Wilson _. A. couldnt stop walking B. couldnt help the stranger C. stopped to help the stranger D. didnt answer the stranger7. Janet is easy _.

52、A. for getting along with B. by getting along with C. to get along with D. got along with8. Dont forget _ the light when you leave. A. turn off B. to turn off C. turning off D. turned off9. The mother is very glad; her baby is beginning _. A. understanding what she means B. to understand that she me

53、ant C. to understand what she means D. noticing what she means ,10. I think this story is _ . A. worth being readB. worth reading C. worth to read D. worth of reading11. This scientist is a man _ praise. A. worth to B. worthy to be C. worthy of D. worth12. I dont want _ any more trouble, you see? A. there being B. it to be C. it being D. there to be13. When she returned home, she found the window open and something _.